Nilton Cesar Fiedler

Avaliação da retratibilidade da madeira de sete espécies de Eucalyptus

The variation of the retratibility in lumber is the main cause of the occurrence of drying defects, especially those characterized by warped and split wood. The different wood types present in the stem are related to the variation of these important physical properties. This work aimed to study the retratibily of seven eucalypt species. The retratibility parameters such as the variation in the pith to bark direction in the peripheral of the trunk were studied according the Brazilian Standard for the seven eucalypts. In general the results showed that the species of eucalypts studied have a high retratibility. Except for Eucalyptus tereticornis and E. pilularis the others species studied showed lower values of retratibility in the pith region.

Applying GIS to develop a model for forest fire risk: A case study in Espírito Santo, Brazil

A forest fire risk map is a basic element for planning and protecting forested areas. The main goal of this study was to develop a statistical model for preparing a forest fire risk map using GIS. Such model is based on assigning weights to nine variables divided into two classes: physical factors of the site (terrain slope, land-use/occupation, proximity to roads, terrain orientation, and altitude) and climatic factors (precipitation, temperature, water deficit, and evapotranspiration). In regions where the climate is different from the conditions of this study, the model will require an adjustment of the variables weights according to the local climate. The study area, Espírito Santo State, exhibited approximately 3.81% low risk, 21.18% moderate risk, 30.10% high risk, 41.50% very high risk, and 3.40% extreme risk of forest fire. The areas classified as high risk, very high and extreme, contemplated a total of 78.92% of heat spots.

Comparação fotointerpretativa entre aerofoto e imagem de satélite

Este estudo objetivou avaliar o uso de diferentes metodologias na determinacao do uso e ocupacao da terra utilizando aerofotos digitais, com resolucao espacial de 1 m (cenario 01) e imagens de satelite, com resolucao espacial de 0,5 m (cenario 02), fotointerpretadas em tela, na escala cartografica de 1:2.000, da bacia hidrografica do corrego Horizonte, Alegre-ES. Utilizaram-se os indices de desempenho global e indice Kappa para determinacao do erro medio entre os cenarios e teste t a 5 % de probabilidade para avaliar o grau de significância no processo de fotointerpretacao entre os cenarios 01 e 02. Foram identificadas 27 classes de uso da terra para os cenarios 01 e 02. As classes de pastagem (599,62 e 442,43 ha) e fragmento florestal (319,45 e 258,07 ha) respectivamente, ocupando maiores areas nos dois cenarios, compondo 69,80 % para o cenario 01 e 53,04 % para o cenario 02 das areas totais. Verificou-se uma variacao positiva do DG em 6,67 % do cenario 01 em relacao ao cenario 02. Entretanto o K demonstra que o cenario 02 possui uma menor taxa entre os erros de omissao e comissao em 2,09 %, nao apresentado significância pela analise estatistica em nivel de 5 % pelo teste t.

GIS applied to location of fires detection towers in domain area of tropical forest

In most countries, the loss of biodiversity caused by the fires is worrying. In this sense, the fires detection towers are crucial for rapid identification of fire outbreaks and can also be used in environmental inspection, biodiversity monitoring, telecommunications mechanisms, telemetry and others. Currently the methodologies for allocating fire detection towers over large areas are numerous, complex and non-standardized by government supervisory agencies. Therefore, this study proposes and evaluates different methodologies to best location of points to install fire detection towers considering the topography, risk areas, conservation units and heat spots. Were used Geographic Information Systems (GIS) techniques and unaligned stratified systematic sampling for implementing and evaluating 9 methods for allocating fire detection towers. Among the methods evaluated, the C3 method was chosen, represented by 140 fire detection towers, with coverage of: a) 67% of the study area, b) 73.97% of the areas with high risk, c) 70.41% of the areas with very high risk, d) 70.42% of the conservation units and e) 84.95% of the heat spots in 2014. The proposed methodology can be adapted to areas of other countries.

ANÁLISE DA DINÂMICA ESPAÇO-TEMPORAL DOS FRAGMENTOS FLORESTAIS DA SUB-BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO RIO ALEGRE, ES

Knowing the history of forest fragmentation in watersheds helps plan and implement practices based on restoration of degraded forest areas. Structural analysis of forest fragments in the Alegre River subwatershed, State of Espirito Santo, was based on landscape metrics using ArcGIS 10 software with Patch Analyst extension, regarding changes during 1975, 2002, and 2007. Analysis showed an increase of about 7% in the total area of forest cover and emergence of 645 new forest fragments. Numerous patches and a small drainage area resulted in a high perimeter-to-area ratio. Simple geometric shapes predominated in smaller patches ( 20 ha) were close to each other, with a tendency to decrease proximity metric values. The results show that despite increase in vegetated area, the environmental quality of forest remnants is highly jeopardized.

Análise técnica e de custos do transporte de madeira com diferentes composições veículares

O transporte de madeira no Brasil e realizado predominantemente pelo modal rodoviario, chegando o frete a representar ate 60% do custo logistico total. Objetivou-se neste trabalho analisar os fatores tecnicos e de custos do transporte de madeira com diferentes composicoes veiculares de carga, na regiao do Vale do Rio Doce, MG. Realizou-se um estudo de tempos e movimentos do ciclo operacional de transporte realizado nos periodos diurno e noturno, da operacao de carregamento e descarregamentode madeira. As analises foram divididas em tres regioes de producao de madeira com diferentes distâncias de transporte. Os resultados indicam quea regiao de Nova Era apresentou o maior tempo produtivo (78,71%) e o pior improdutivo (9,26%). Em relacao aos custos operacionais, as regionais, que utilizavam o bitrem como veiculo de transporte de madeira. Os valores por km de transporte encontrados foram 0,341 R

Parâmetros quantitativos da anatomia da madeira de eucalípto que cresceu em diferentes locais

/m³.km-1 para Nova Era e 0,249.R

Avaliação ergonômica do ambiente de trabalho em marcenarias no sul do Espírito Santo

/m³.km-1.para Rio Doce. Para a regiao de Guanhaes, obteve-se o maior custo final da madeira (27,14 R

Estudo comparativo da massa específica aparente e retratibilidade da madeira de pau-brasil (Caesalpinia echinata LAM.) nativa e de reflorestamento

/m³.km-1).A utilizacao do tritrem como veiculo para transporte de madeira, apresentou os menores custos de m³ transportado por km.

Avaliação técnica do trator florestal arrastador "skidder" com diferentes tipos de rodados na extração de madeira em povoamentos de pinus

It is known the influence of the growth place in the properties of the woods and that they are affected mainly by the anatomical structures. The objective of this work was to evaluate the quantitative parameters of the anatomical structure of the eucalypt wood of one clone of the natural hybrid of Eucalyptus grandis at 64 months of age occuring in Rio Claro, state of Sao Paulo. The 138 trees were grown in Aracruz, Domingos Martins, Alto Rio Novo, Sao Mateus in the state of Espirito Santo and in Mutum and Aimores in the state of Minas Gerais. The anatomical parameters measured were diameter and vessel frequency, length, fiber and diameter of the fiber, fiber wall thickness and width, height and frequency of the rays. According to the results, it can be concluded that, in relation to the vessels, there were significant differences among all regions. It was also observed significant differences in the parameters related to the rays in all regions. The wood produced in the Aracruz region had fibers with length and wall thickness with a much lower quality than the wood in the other studied regions.