Mara Fernandes Moura

ADAPTABILIDADE E ESTABILIDADE FENOTÍPICA EM SOJA AVALIADA PELO MÉTODO DE TOLER ( 1 )

ABSTRACT PHENOTIPIC STABILITY AND ADAPTABILITY IN SOYBEAN EVALUATED BY TOLER METHOD The objective of this work was to evaluate 69 soybean genotypes with different maturation cycles indifferent environments at Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul States in Brazil using the non-linear regressionmethod of T OLER (1990). This methodology considers the fiting the genotypes in five groups, according to theresponse pattern A, B, C, D and E. It was observed that the environmental quality estimates had differentvalues, allowing for inferences of worse and better environments. Pedra Preta was the best quality environment,having the greater estimative, that contributed to the increase of the general environment mean. Theclassification based on yield and on the response pattern showed that genotypes with double desirable responsepattern (group A, convex pattern), presented high yield, mainly in the line early cycle FMT-42313. The patternE genotypes (concave pattern) did not show satisfactory levels of mean yield as MSOY-8550 and Crixas. Theresponse pattern of monosegmented genotypes (B, C and D) showed variable yield, being most of themclustered in group C, having a simple linear response that did not differ greatly from the mean response ofthe environments. Conquista cultivar had average yield and low variability in distinct environments. Themethodology has statistic advantages for the analysis of adaptability and stability among soybean genotypes,since it discriminate genotypes with narrow genetic base in to groups with different response pattern.

Teores foliares de nutrientes, índice relativo de clorofila e teores de nitrato e de potássio na seiva do pecíolo na videira 'Niagara Rosada'

ABSTRACT- A nutritional survey was carried out in 93 vineyards of the wine regions of Jundiai, Sao Miguel Arcanjo and Jales (state of Sao Paulo-Brazil), aiming to compare the nutrient concentration in leaf samples, the concentration of nitrate and potassium in the petiole sap and the relative chlorophyll index (IRC) of ‘Niagara Rosada’ vineyard. Leaves, blade and petiole in full bloom vines were sampled in 20 plants selected from each vineyard, and evaluations of the IRC in the leaf blade and the levels of NO3- and K in the petioles sap were realized. Macro and micronutrients concentrations were measured in leaf samples. The sampled vineyards were grouped by region of study, and each vineyard was considered as a replicate sample, totaling 45, 24 and 24 repetitions, in Jundiai, Sao Miguel Arcanjo and Jales, respectively. Sampled vineyards from the Jales region showed higher leaf concentrations of P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe and Mn, and also higher IRC and levels of nitrate and potassium in the petiole. These differences were related to the different rootstocks used, which were ‘IAC 766’, ‘IAC 572’ and ‘Riparia of Traviu’, respectively, for Jundiai, Jales and Sao Miguel Arcanjo. The differences highlight the need to adjust the concentration ranges of nutrients in leaf analysis, through regional trials, taking into account the rootstock and the region under study.Index terms: Vitis, foliar analysis, mineral nutrition, grapevine.

DRIS NORMS AND CRITICAL LEAF NUTRIENT LEVELS FOR ‘NIAGARA ROSADA’ GRAPE IN JUNDIAÍ REGION, SÃO PAULO (BRASIL)

ABSTRACTPreliminary Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS) norms and critical leaf nutrient levels (CLN) for ‘Niagara Rosada’ grape grafted on the rootstock ‘IAC 766’ growing in the region of Jundiai, State of Sao Paulo (Brazil) are presented. DRIS norms and CLN were established from a data bank of leaf nutrient concentration(N, P, K, Ca and Mg) and fruit yield with 116 records. The data bank gets information from fertilizationexperiments and from a field survey comprising four crop cycles. The data were divided into high-yielding (>26 t/ha) and low-yielding (<26 t/ha) subpopulations and norms were computed using standard DRIS procedures. Even with the diversity of cropping conditions, the relationship between the nutrient balance index from DRIS and fruit yield was highly significant (R2 = 0.48, p<0.0001), indicating that part of the variation in productivity of vineyards can be credited to nutritional status of the plants. The CLNs were derived using multiple linear regressions relating to the foliar nutrient concentration with DRIS indices of all nutrients. The CLNs for N, P, K, Ca, and Mg were 38.0, 3.0, 11.4, 13.7, and 3.5 g/ kg, respectively.

Alterações em atributos químicos de um solo submetido à adubação e cultivado com videira 'Niagara Rosada'

ABSTRACT - Soil samples were analyzed with the objective of investigating changes on some soil chemi-cal properties due to NPK fertilization of ‘Niagara Rosada’ grapevine. The samples were collected in a field experiment carried out in Louveira, Brazil, during four crop seasons. The experimental design was an in-complete NPK factorial 1/2(4 3 ). The treatments were rates of N (0, 65, 130, and 195 kg/ha of N as NH 4 NO 3 ), P (0, 60, 120, and 180 kg/ha of P 2 O 5 as triple superphosphate) and K (0, 45, 90, and 135 kg/ha of K 2 O as KCl) applied at each crop season. Nutrient (P, K, Ca and Mg) availability some chemical properties (organic matter, pH CaCl 2 , H+Al and base saturation) were evaluated through samples carried out in the experiment implantation (August, 2005) and after four production cycles (November, 2008). Soil samples were col-lected from layers of 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm. Fruit yield and some physical characteristics of bunches and berries were evaluated. Soil pH decreased with increasing in N rates. Low rates of P and K were sufficient to maintain soil P and K at the same concentration as found prior to the experiment. Grapevine production was not affected by NPK fertilization. The application of NPK fertilizers in vineyards with soils with high nutrient availability implies economic losses and environmental contamination risk.Index terms: soil analysis, grape, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium.

Genetics and expected selection gain for growth traits in Eugenia dysenterica DC. populations

The objective of this study was to estimate genetic parameters of quantitative traits in a living germplasm collection of Eugenia dysenterica. The genetic material consisted of 110 progenies derived from 10 natural Eugenia dysenterica subpopulations sampled in the southeastern region of the state of Goias. The experiment was established in a complete randomized block design, with 110 treatments, four replications and one tree per plot. The study variables were total height, stem diameter and respective growth rates. After the analysis of variance some genetic parameters were estimated. The levels of genetic variation in the collection were high and the highest proportion was found within subpopulations. Highest coefficients of heritability and genetic variation were observed in subpopulations from the counties Catalao, Tres Ranchos, Cristalina and Senador Canedo. Considering the promising expected progress for growth traits, this collection can be converted into an unrogued seedling seed orchard, aiming the production of improved seed.

Parâmetros genéticos da resistência da soja aonematóide de cisto raça 1

This study aimed at verify the behavior of Recombinant Inbreed Lines, resulting of a cross between Hartwig (resistant parental) and EMGOPA-316 (susceptible parental) to NCS soybean nematode (race 1) and to estimate genetic parameters and those of selection progress. Estimated parameters used the mean female index (IF) obtained through the evaluation of 176 F6 lines for NCS resistance. The genotypes were evaluated in greenhouse. The frequency distribution and the variance analyses were performed to estimate the number of segregating loci involved in the resistance to NCS. The selection progress was estimated (i = -2,154) among the lines evaluated using different numbers of repetitions, as well the herdability (h2). It was concluded that: a) The normality distribution of the average IF, as well the estimated herdability and the number o segregation loci indicated the resistance to NCS (race 1) is poligenic; b) Promising NCS resistant lines were found. However, as the resistance test is difficult a larger number of F6 lines and a larger number of repetitions should be evaluated; c) The necessity of correction due to macroenvironment effects increased the bias of the estimatives.

Relação entre a variação genética de caracteres quantitativos e marcadores moleculares em subpopulações de cagaiteira (Eugenia dysenterica DC)

This research aimed to measure the association between molecular diversity and the genetic variation of quantitative traits, estimated from a progeny trial, under controlled conditions. Ten natural subpopulations of cagaita tree from the southeast of Goias State, Brazil, were investigated. The maternal families were evaluated in a trail using the randomized complete block design with four replications and a single tree per plot. Quantitative data were analyzed estimating the coefficient of heritability (hmi2 ), on a progeny mean basis and the genetic coefficient of variation (CVgi) for each subpopulation. The traits considered were: plant height and the respective diameter and the corresponding annual rates of increment. Estimates of gene diversity (Hei) and fixation index (fi), available for the same subpopulations, based on isozymes, SSR and RAPD markers, were taken for comparison. Simple linear correlation and multiple regression analysis were used for measuring the association between those estimates on intra and interpopulation level. The weak correlation between gene diversity estimated with codominant and dominant markers reduced the expectation of a good correlation between those statistics and the genetic variation of the quantitative traits. In general, the possibility to infer the magnitude of quantitative variation within subpopulations, based on molecular gene diversity, was not confirmed. RAPD results were more promising, indicating the importance to have an adequate genomic coverage in this kind of research. On the other hand, the interpopulation level, a much better association was detected for all markers. The possibility of predicting quantitative variation based on molecular information was, therefore, not excluded.

KARYOTYPE ANALYSIS IN GRAPEVINES

Seven species of Vitis L., V. champinii Planchon, V. cinerea (Engelm in Gray) Engelm, V. girdiana Munson, V. labrusca L., V. rotundifolia Michaux, V. rupestres Scheels and V. vinifera L. were studied with the purpose of complementing the karyomorphometric information for further comparative analyses. Based on ideograms and on chromosome measures obtained it was possible to see several differences among the species, which were enough to distinguish at least V. champinii and V. girdiana from the others as well as V. labrusca for the lowest measures and V. rotundifolia for the highest mean value of arm ratio. It seems that during the species diversification process the most crucial differences among them did not involve drastic changes in chromosome morphometry.

Rootstock on production and quality of ‘Niagara Rosada’ grapevine

1Departamento de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade de São Paulo, ESALQ . Piracicaba-SP. E-mails: jangelotti.mendonca@usp.br, jascarpa@usp.br 2Instituto Agronômico, Centro APTA de Frutas, Luís Pereira dos Santos. Jundiaí-SP. E-mails: mara.fernandes.moura@gmail.com 3Universidade Estadual Paulista. Câmpus Botucatu, Botucatu-SP. E-mails: tecchio@fca.unesp.br; bruvedoato@hotmail.com AbtractIn Brazil, the producers have changed used rootstocks to get more vigor to scion. Rootstocks change the distribution of bud fruitfulness over grapevine shoots and the expression of the bud fruitfulness into fruit yield. Hence, these modification could alter ideal pruning length. In this way, it was evaluated bud fruitfulness, fruit yield and quality of ‘Niagara Rosada’ grapevine grafted onto rootstocks: ‘IAC 766’, ‘IAC 572’, ‘IAC 313’, ‘IAC 571-6’, and ‘Riparia do Traviu’, which ‘IAC 766’ is the most used rootstock in São Paulo State, nowadays. The evaluations were performed over three crop seasons, in a vineyard located in Louveira, SP. Two evaluations were performed in Brazilian traditional season, and one crop pruning was performed in Brazilian summer, called “off-season”. In traditional seasons, the bud fruitfulness was evaluated from the first to fourth bud in 2014 and to the fifth in 2015. In the off-season, bud fruitfulness was evaluated from the fifth to eighth bud. Fruit yield and quality were also evaluated over the three production cycles. Bud fruitfulness of ‘Niagara Rosada’ grafted onto the evaluated rootstocks showed that this characteristic was more affected by the environmental conditions, confirmed due to alteration of bud fruitfulness through production cycles. Additionally, no effect of rootstock was observed on fruit yield, and quality of ‘Niagara Rosada’. Only isolated variations were detected, and these are not enough to confirm the influence of rootstocks on scion of ‘Niagara Rosada’. Although no effect of rootstocks on bud fruitfulness, fruit yield and quality has been observed in the evaluated conditions, all rootstocks are recommended to be used in combination with ‘Niagara Rosada’.