Flavia Pereira Xavier

Pressupostos educacionais e estatísticos do Ideb

IDEB (Basic Education Quality Indicators) regards that schools should be evaluated not only by their teaching and management processes or by the resources available to them, but also by the success of their students on learning the basic skills as well as their schooling trajectories. The first objective of this article, achieved by describing IDEBs algorithms, is to present the concepts of quality and equity of schools, latent in IDEBs definition. This allows the identification of the direct and indirect effects of IDEBs use in schools that reorient their policies and practices, seeking their maximization. Then it is shown that some choices made in its design have undesirable pedagogical consequences. Lastly, this paper presents suggestions on how to make IDEB more pedagogically relevant, along with proposals for improving its dissemination and use.

Effects of Brazilian schools on student learning

The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of Brazilian elementary schools on the chances of their students achieving at different levels of mathematics proficiency. Since student proficiency is classified at three levels – Insufficient, Basic and Proficient – the chosen model of analysis was the hierarchical multinomial model. The explicit use of proficiency levels, which have a clear normative and pedagogical interpretation, allows the findings to be expressed in language more relevant to schools and educational policy. The main findings are: the infrastructure factor (quality of the school buildings, library, computers, etc.) is related mainly to the effect of the school on the chances of their students being at the Basic level; only one pedagogical factor (homework) is related to the chances of students being at the Proficient level. The findings suggest that Brazilian schools need to undergo interventions of a different kind for their students to succeed.

Índice socioeconômico das escolas de educação básica brasileiras

Este artigo apresenta a metodologia e os resultados do desenvolvimento de um indice de nivel socioeconomico das escolas de educacao basica do Brasil. Os dados provem dos questionarios contextuais aos quais os alunos respondam nas avaliacoes educacionais feitas pelo governo federal nesse nivel de ensino. Foram consideradas as respostas validas de 20.806.062 alunos em 21 bases de dados. Para estimar o indice, itens relacionados as dimensoes escolaridade e ocupacao dos pais do aluno e a renda familiar foram agregados, empregando-se um modelo da Teoria da Resposta ao Item. Os resultados foram validados mostrando-se fidedignos. Correlacoes com outros indices semelhantes sao positivas e altas. A correlacao com a renda per capita dos municipios revela que a realidade nacional vista por um indicador economico e um indicador obtido pelas respostas a um questionario e, no nivel macro, a mesma. A avaliacao de especialistas em diferentes localidades do pais coincide com a retratada pelo indicador.

Socioeconomic index of Brazilian basic education schools

Este artigo apresenta a metodologia e os resultados do desenvolvimento de um indice de nivel socioeconomico das escolas de educacao basica do Brasil. Os dados provem dos questionarios contextuais aos quais os alunos respondam nas avaliacoes educacionais feitas pelo governo federal nesse nivel de ensino. Foram consideradas as respostas validas de 20.806.062 alunos em 21 bases de dados. Para estimar o indice, itens relacionados as dimensoes escolaridade e ocupacao dos pais do aluno e a renda familiar foram agregados, empregando-se um modelo da Teoria da Resposta ao Item. Os resultados foram validados mostrando-se fidedignos. Correlacoes com outros indices semelhantes sao positivas e altas. A correlacao com a renda per capita dos municipios revela que a realidade nacional vista por um indicador economico e um indicador obtido pelas respostas a um questionario e, no nivel macro, a mesma. A avaliacao de especialistas em diferentes localidades do pais coincide com a retratada pelo indicador.

Transição para o ensino superior: aspiração dos alunos do ensino médio de uma escola pública

O trabalho discute resultados de uma pesquisa que identifica e analisa projetos e aspiracoes de continuidade dos estudos de alunos do ensino medio de uma escola estadual da regiao metropolitana de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais. Busca-se compreender as formas de presenca da escola e da familia na elaboracao dos projetos de vida. A discussao se baseia nos dados coletados por meio de questionarios autoaplicados dirigidos aos alunos. Foram realizados cruzamentos entre a variavel resposta (se o aluno pretende cursar o ensino superior) e as variaveis relacionadas as caracteristicas adscritivas dos alunos, a trajetoria escolar, ao contexto familiar e escolar. A partir dos cruzamentos, foram selecionadas as variaveis que indicavam associacao com a variavel resposta e estimado um modelo de regressao logistica que buscou analisar os fatores associados as aspiracoes dos alunos em cursar o ensino superior. Os achados indicaram que tres caracteristicas distinguem mais os alunos em termos de aspiracoes de continuidade de estudos: sexo, renda familiar e incentivo da familia.

Índice socioeconómico de las escuelas de educación básica de Brasil

Este artigo apresenta a metodologia e os resultados do desenvolvimento de um indice de nivel socioeconomico das escolas de educacao basica do Brasil. Os dados provem dos questionarios contextuais aos quais os alunos respondam nas avaliacoes educacionais feitas pelo governo federal nesse nivel de ensino. Foram consideradas as respostas validas de 20.806.062 alunos em 21 bases de dados. Para estimar o indice, itens relacionados as dimensoes escolaridade e ocupacao dos pais do aluno e a renda familiar foram agregados, empregando-se um modelo da Teoria da Resposta ao Item. Os resultados foram validados mostrando-se fidedignos. Correlacoes com outros indices semelhantes sao positivas e altas. A correlacao com a renda per capita dos municipios revela que a realidade nacional vista por um indicador economico e um indicador obtido pelas respostas a um questionario e, no nivel macro, a mesma. A avaliacao de especialistas em diferentes localidades do pais coincide com a retratada pelo indicador.

Estructura social y transmisión intergeneracional de status: un análisis jerárquico

Empirical studies of stratification systems have concentrated in investigating the mechanisms of transmission of status. Organizational differences found between economic sectors and regional differences fall precisely in the structural dimension of stratification studies. Thus, the main objective of this paper is to investigate to what extent the current occupational status of individuals was affected by their social origin, considering the time when and where these individuals entered the labor market. We used the databases from the National Household Sample Survey (PNAD in Portuguese) of 1973, 1982, 1988 and 1996, and estimated the Hierarchical Models that represent, for studies of intergenerational transmission of status, the possibility of better control of structural factors. We observed that the segmentation of the labor market in different economic sectors and the level of economic growth in Brazil in different cohorts of individuals entering the labor market are mechanisms that function as mediators for the transmission status while regional segmentation had no significant effect.

Estrutura social e transmissão intergeracional de status: uma análise hierárquica

Empirical studies of stratification systems have concentrated in investigating the mechanisms of transmission of status. Organizational differences found between economic sectors and regional differences fall precisely in the structural dimension of stratification studies. Thus, the main objective of this paper is to investigate to what extent the current occupational status of individuals was affected by their social origin, considering the time when and where these individuals entered the labor market. We used the databases from the National Household Sample Survey (PNAD in Portuguese) of 1973, 1982, 1988 and 1996, and estimated the Hierarchical Models that represent, for studies of intergenerational transmission of status, the possibility of better control of structural factors. We observed that the segmentation of the labor market in different economic sectors and the level of economic growth in Brazil in different cohorts of individuals entering the labor market are mechanisms that function as mediators for the transmission status while regional segmentation had no significant effect.

Social structure and intergenerational transmission of status: a hierarchical analysis

Empirical studies of stratification systems have concentrated in investigating the mechanisms of transmission of status. Organizational differences found between economic sectors and regional differences fall precisely in the structural dimension of stratification studies. Thus, the main objective of this paper is to investigate to what extent the current occupational status of individuals was affected by their social origin, considering the time when and where these individuals entered the labor market. We used the databases from the National Household Sample Survey (PNAD in Portuguese) of 1973, 1982, 1988 and 1996, and estimated the Hierarchical Models that represent, for studies of intergenerational transmission of status, the possibility of better control of structural factors. We observed that the segmentation of the labor market in different economic sectors and the level of economic growth in Brazil in different cohorts of individuals entering the labor market are mechanisms that function as mediators for the transmission status while regional segmentation had no significant effect.