Foy King

On-Road Facility to Measure and Characterize Emissions from Heavy-Duty Diesel Vehicles

Abstract In response to lingering concerns about the utility of dynamometer data for mobile source emissions modeling, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has constructed an on-road test facility to characterize the real-world emissions of heavy-duty trucks. The facility was designed to effectively demonstrate the full range of vehicle operation and to measure the emissions produced. Since it began operation, the facility has been continuously upgraded to incorporate state-of-the-art technology. Its potential uses include collecting modal emissions data, validating dynamometer test parameters and results, and demonstrating new emission control technologies.

EMISSION FROM IN-USE HEAVY-DUTY GASOLINE TRUCKS

Apportionment of air pollution to sources requires knowledge of source emission strengths and/or chemical and physical characteristics. The literature is deficient in data useful for this purpose for heavy-duty motor vehicles, which can be important sources of air pollution in certain microenvironments. Emissions factors are developed in this study for heavy-duty gasoline trucks using chassis dynamometer simulations of urban driving conditions. The sensitivity of the emissions to such considerations as the characteristics of the speed-time driving schedule, vehicle payload, and chassis configuration are examined. Emissions characterization includes total and individual hydrocarbons, aldehydes, carbon monoxide, oxides of nitrogen, total particulate matter, particulate organics, lead, bromine, chlorine, and the fraction of total particulate less than 2 ..mu..m. Preliminary comparisons of emissions obtained using transient engine and transient chassis test procedures are also reported.

Pilot-scale evaluation of new resin application equipment for fiber-reinforced plastics

Abstract Styrene is the monomer used as a cross-linking agent in the majority of fiber-reinforced plastics manufacturing processes. Its evaporation is undesirable from environmental, health and safety, and economic perspectives. The effect of a proprietary Fluid Impingement Technology™ (FIT™) nozzle, developed by Magnum Industries, on styrene emissions was evaluated and compared to other conventional application equipment — conventional spray guns and flow coaters (operated at both low and high pressure). The FIT™ nozzle produced less styrene emissions during both gel coating and resin testing, with significant emissions reduction occurring during the application process.