Francieli Rohden

SIRT1 Transcription Is Decreased in Visceral Adipose Tissue of Morbidly Obese Patients with Severe Hepatic Steatosis

BackgroundVisceral adipose tissue is known to release greater amounts of adipokines and free fatty acids into the portal vein, being one of the most predictive factors of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Our study has the purpose to evaluate sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), adiponectin, Forkhead/winged helix (FOXO1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ1–3, and PPARβ/δ mRNA expression in morbidly obese patients in three different lipid depots: visceral (VAT), subcutaneous (SAT), and retroperitoneal (RAT). Recent studies suggest that SIRT1, a NAD+-dependent deacetylase, protects rats from NAFLD.MethodsWe divided the patients in two groups: those with slight or moderate steatosis (hepatic steatosis, HS) and other comprising individuals with severe steatosis associated or not with necroinflammation and fibrosis (severe hepatic steatosis, SHS). The adipose tissue depots were obtained during bariatric surgery. Total RNAs were extracted using TRIzol. The amount of genes of interest was determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.ResultsWhen comparing the two groups of patients, a decrease in SIRT1 was observed in VAT of morbidly obese patients in SHS group (p = 0.006). The mRNA expression of the other genes showed no differences in VAT. No difference was found either in SAT or in RAT for all genes in the study. In addition, the homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) value was higher in SHS group compared to HS (p = 0.006). Also, our results show that the mRNA expression of SIRT1 and the value of HOMA-IR were positively correlated in VAT of SHS patients (r = 0.654; p = 0.048).ConclusionsDownregulation of SIRT1 mRNA expression in VAT of SHS could be possible impairing mitochondria biogenesis and fatty acid oxidation, promoting severe steatosis in obese patients. Our results provide a possible proof of SIRT1 protective potential in VAT against NAFLD in humans.

Resveratrol Upregulated SIRT1, FOXO1, and Adiponectin and Downregulated PPARγ1–3 mRNA Expression in Human Visceral Adipocytes

BackgroundThe SIRT1 enzyme is involved in adipose tissue (AT) lipolysis. FOXO1 is a protein that plays a significant role in regulating metabolism. Adiponectin is an adipokine, secreted by the AT, which has been considered to have an antiobesity function. PPARγ is one of the key actors in adipocytes differentiation. This study was undertaken to investigate whether resveratrol can regulate SIRT1, FOXO1, adiponectin, PPARγ1–3, and PPARβ/δ in human AT.MethodsThe effects of resveratrol were analyzed in freshly isolated adipocytes prepared from visceral fat tissue samples obtained during bariatric surgery. Genes messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) levels were determined by qRT-PCR.ResultsOurs results show that resveratrol modulates the studied genes, increasing SIRT1 (p = 0.021), FOXO1 (p = 0.001), and adiponectin (p = 0.025) mRNA expression and decreasing PPARγ1–3 (p = 0.003) mRNA in human visceral adipocytes.ConclusionsResveratrol, in vitro and at low concentration, modulates genes that are related to lipid metabolism, possibly preventing metabolic disease in human visceral adipose tissue (VAT).

Parallel Down-Regulation of FOXO1, PPARγ and Adiponectin mRNA Expression in Visceral Adipose Tissue of Class III Obese Individuals

Objective: Adipose tissue is responsible for secretion of several cytokines that mediate systemic effects on obesity and insulin resistance. Subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) are metabolically different and have differences in their gene expression profile. Our study evaluated the expression of adiponectin, FOXO1, PPARγ, and SIRT1 in VAT and SAT of non-obese and class III obese subjects. Methods: The adipose tissue samples were obtained by surgery. Reverse transcripts of studied genes were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Results: Comparing the different lipid depots, adiponectin expression was lower only in VAT of obese individuals (p = 0.043); FOXO1 and PPARγ levels were decreased in VAT of both groups. When non-obese and obese were compared, only adiponectin expression was lower in SAT and in VAT of obese subjects (p = 0.004 and p = 0.002, respectively). No difference was found with regard to SIRT1 levels in VAT or SAT in both groups. FOXO1 expression in SAT of obese subjects had a negative correlation with age (r = –0.683; p = 0.029) and triglyceride serum levels (r = –0.794; p = 0.006). Conclusion: The decrease mRNA expression of this genes in VAT, responsible for central adiposity, may be associated with an increased risk of obesity and co-morbidities.

Monitoramento microbiológico de águas subterrâneas em cidades do Extremo Oeste de Santa Catarina

The degradation of natural resources is increasing in alarming numbers, especially water sources that is constant changes in its quality. Because of this, more and more people come using groundwater for human consumption, but the big problem is contamination by these pathogenic microorganisms. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the microbiological quality of groundwater districts in the Extreme West of Santa Catarina, Brazil. We analyzed 149 samples of water from wells in 14 municipalities during the period January 2005 to December 2006. Were determined in all samples the total coliform and thermotolerant. The results showed high rates of samples inappropriate for consumption, with 54.7% in 2005 and 56.7% in 2006. Our data show the risk of diseases spreading of water that the regions population is exposed to the consumption of water, showing a serious public health problem.