Francisco Antonio Passos

Estimativa da área foliar de morangueiro

The leaf area index is one of the most utilized physiological parameters employed in plant growth analysis, giving support to interpretation of related yield factors. The aim of this work was to develop a mathematical model suited to estimate strawberry leaflet and leaf areas. The experiment was carried out in Atibaia, SP, during the 1995 season, with the cultivar Campinas (IAC-2712), under open and protected field conditions, in a commercial strawberry growing field. The sampling in each experiment was made up of 25 leaves, with 75 leaflets, including different ages and sizes, picked randomly from 25 plants. Areas were estimated through leaflet width and length measurements, taking in to account the leaflet position on the leaf. Results obtained were fitted to linear models. The leaflet width and length mean was concluded as the best way of predicting area compared to single measurements. The whole trifolioate showed a better leaf area predictive ability than did the central leaflet. Leaf area can therefore be estimated by means of its leaflet width and length measurements, representing a conservative sampling method.

Germination and hardseedness of seeds in okra elite lines

A presenca de sementes duras e a baixa porcentagem de germinacao sao desafios importantes para o cultivo de quiabo. Por este motivo, cinco linhas elite de quiabo desenvolvidas no Instituto Agronomico de Campinas (IAC), sendo tres com capsulas quinadas (linhas 8.1, 20.1.2 e 47.1) e duas com capsulas cilindricas (linhas 13.1.2 e 20.1.R), foram avaliadas para qualidade de sementes, em comparacao com dois lotes comerciais (Horticeres Sementes e Sakata Seed Sudamerica) de sementes da cultivar Santa Cruz 47. As sementes foram produzidas em experimento instalado no Parque Tecnologico do Centro de Horticultura do IAC, em Campinas, em blocos ao acaso, com tres repeticoes e parcelas de 20 plantas. As capsulas foram colhidas 25, 35, 45, 55, 65 e 75 dias apos a antese (DAA), sendo as sementes extraidas imediatamente e submetidas ao teste padrao de germinacao em laboratorio. Pelos resultados obtidos, concluiu-se que, no que diz respeito a qualidade das sementes, capsulas quinadas devem ser colhidas mais precocemente que capsulas cilindricas, mais precisamente 45 DAA para a linha 47.1 e de 45 a 55 DAA para as linhas 8.1 e 20.1.2. Sementes extraidas de capsulas quinadas colhidas apos esses periodos apresentaram reducao na germinacao e aumento no indice de dureza. Ja as sementes provenientes de capsulas cilindricas apresentaram comportamento semelhante as sementes da cultivar Santa Cruz 47, apresentando melhor capacidade germinativa quando provenientes de capsulas colhidas de 55 a 75 DAA, e ausencia de dureza.

Avaliação dos acessos de alho coleção do Instituto Agronômico de Campinas

Fifty accesses from the garlic germplasm bank of Instituto Agronomico de Campinas were evaluated in Tiete and Jundiai, Sao Paulo State, Brazil. The field trials were carried out in 2003, and the experimental design was randomized blocks with three replicates. The data were subjected to an ANOVA and the means compared using the Skott-Knott test at a 5% probability level. The access Piedade and Gigante de Curitibanos showed excellent performance for yield and bulb quality in both locations. On the other hand, environmental interaction occurred for access Bulbilho Aereo 2 and Andradas Manoel Lopes 2. For the first one, the bulb size was different and for the second the yield changed. A greater genetic diversity on yield and bulb diameter was observed in Jundiai, due to lower environmental effects.

Produtividade de cultivares de alho na região paulista de Tietê

The high cost of garlic seed and the refrigeration process may increase yield, but it is a barrier for small farmers who are responsible for the large Brazilian production. Therefore, research seeking low cost garlic seed, regionally made, and competition studies for yield between refrigerated and no refrigerated cultivars are fundamental. This work aimed to evaluate yield and bulb quality of four no refrigerated garlic varieties (Assai 3702, Gigante de Curitibanos, Santa Catarina Branco and Santa Catarina Roxo) and the refrigerated type Jonas (storage at 4o C for 40 days). The field trial was carried out during March-September 2005, in Tiete, Sao Paulo State, Brazil, in a randomized block design with five replications. Jonas, without differ from Santa Catarina Roxo, Santa Catarina Branco, and Assai 3702 produced higher yields (8.4; 7.6; 7.4 and 6.9 t.ha-1 respectively) and greater bulb weights (30.5; 27.0; 26.3 and 24.6 g respectively). For bulb diameter these four varieties were graded as type 4 (36-45mm), Gigante de Curitibanos was lower than Jonas concerning to yield and bulb mass.

Vigor de sementes de brócolos submetidas a coberturas biodegradáveis e micronutrientes

The development and application of biodegradable coatings and films have been used for many years in order to improve quality of the coated or packed product. The development and characterization of pectin and pectin/gelatin-based biofilms with fatty acids was evaluated and verified their efficiency as coatings to broccoli seeds (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica). The solubility in water of the films was determined. The counting and visual observations of the germinated broccoli seeds were done each three days and fresh and dried weight of the plants were determined at the end of the experiment. Pectin-based films with stearic acid were 100% soluble in water and composite films of pectin and gelatin were 18%. The application of the biodegradable coatings on broccoli seeds had no effect on the plants development, showing their potential for commercial use. The fertilizers, sodium molibdate (0.2mg L-1) and boric acid (1mg L-1), added to the coating solution had no interference in the emergence and development of the broccoli plants.

Recobrimento de sementes de brócolos e salsa com coberturas e filmes biodegradáveis

COVERING BROCCOLI AND PARSLEY SEEDS WITH BIODEGRADABLE FILMS AND COATINGS The objective of this work was to compare the performance of broccoli and parsley seeds coated or adhered to biodegradable films of gelatin and chitosan. Initially, the optimum number of coating layers and the thickness of the film were determined in order not to affect the germination of seeds. The performance was evaluated by germination capacity and vigor, and by fresh and dry weight of plants with 30 days. The seeds inserted into the films of gelatin and chitosan showed lower germination results than the control seeds. The coating of the seeds with gelatin and chitosan coatings of had good results in terms of vigor and development of plants. The results indicated that coating the seeds with biodegradable coatings can be promising due to the improvement of the germination of the coated seeds and the development of the plants when compared to the seeds with not treated.

Tamanho da parcela e número de repetições em experimentos com morangueiro

Sao discutidos os resultados obtidos em um ensaio de uniformidade, constituido de 432 unidades basicas de 0,54 m2, para determinacao de tamanho, forma de parcelas e numero de repeticoes para experimentos com morangueiro. As unidades basicas foram agrupadas de modo a permitir o estudo de 32 diferentes formatos de parcelas. A partir dos dados de producao foram calculados, para cada formato, os coeficientes de variacao, cujos valores praticamente independeram da forma de parcela ate agrupamentos de seis unidades basicas. A medida de variabilidade do solo foi o indice b calculado atraves da formula empirica desenvolvida por Fairfield Smith, Vx = V/xb. O valor 0,2214 obtido para b indicou que o solo onde o ensaio foi conduzido era bastante homogeneo. O tamanho otimo da parcela, determinado para diferentes relacoes de precos de custo do ensaio associados ao indice b, variou de 0,28 a 2,55 unidades basicas com areas de 0,15 a 1,38 m2. Utilizando o metodo de Hatheway determinou-se que em area total fixa, parcelas menores e maior numero de repeticoes permitem detectar diferencas menores entre medias de tratamentos.

Desempenho agronômico de quatro cultivares de almeirão

In the literature there is little information about the main chicory cultivars (Cichorium intybus) grown in Brazil. The present paper aims to evaluate the agronomic performance of the chicory cultivars in the region of Campinas, Sao Paulo state, Brazil. Catalonha, Folha Amarela, Folha Larga and Pao-de-Acucar cultivars were evaluated, in an experiment carried out in field conditions in the Experimental Center of the Instituto Agronomico, from December 2009 to January 2010. The experimental design was completely randomized, with 4 replications. At 50 days after transplanting five plants of each plot were evaluated for the height, leaf number, fresh and dry weight and two of these plants were evaluated for leaf area. The flavor with and without seasoning was evaluated by six tasters. The cultivars showed significant differences, regarding plant height, leaf area and flavor. Pao-de-Acucar cultivar presented in magnitude higher yield (516.0 g plant-1) followed by Folha Amarela cultivar (432.7 g plant-1). This cultivar is an alternative to the chicory market, since it presents performance similar to the main cultivars grown in Sao Paulo state.

Métodos de inoculação de Colletotrichum fragariae em morangueiro

The anthracnose crown rot, caused by Colletotrichum fragariae Brooks, is an important disease of strawberries. The fungus also damages stolons, petioles, leaf blades and fruits. The inoculation of C. fragariae is necessary to ensure uniformity and appearance of characteristic symptoms of the disease in pathogenicity tests, variability evaluation of different isolates, efficacy of control measures and germplasm screening for resistance. This study evaluated seven inoculation methods of C. fragariae on strawberry and reports symptoms observed in each case. Symptoms of black leaf spot were mainly observed when the inoculum was sprayed on the plants. The best methods to reproduce wilting and crown rot were: 5 mL of inoculum placed on wounded crowns, a drop of inoculum placed on wounded petioles and crown injection.

Produtividade de rúcula e tomate em função da adubação N e P orgânica e mineral

In order to compare different mineral and organic fertilizers, source of nitrogen and phosphorus, trials were conducted in protected environment at Instituto Agronomico, in Campinas (SP), Brazil, from October to November, 2004 with rocket salad and at Sao Joao Farm, in Elias Fausto (SP), Brazil, from September 2004 to February 2005 with tomato. The treatments on the rocket salad trial were: four rate of N (0; 50; 100; 150 kg ha-1 N) and four rate of P (0; 100; 200; 300 kg ha-1 P2O5) using the fertilizers MAP; DAP; hoof and horns flour (HHF) and bones flour (BF) at sowing and side dressing. Two experiments were conducted with tomato. Four rates of N on side dressing were studied (0; 133; 266; 399 kg ha-1 N) applying ammonium nitrate (AN) and HHF without change the rate of P at planting time. In a second trial, four rate of P were applied at planting time (0; 250; 500; 750 kg ha-1 P2O5) using triple superphosphate (TS) and BF without change of N (AN) rate on side dressing. The fertilization with 75 kg ha-1 N and 300 kg ha-1 P2O5 using MAP + DAP at planting time and 75 kg ha-1 N HHF on side dressing was the best treatment for rocket salad production. The organic fertilization with HHF was more efficacious when applied at planting time. The result showed that HHF was a better source of N than AN for tomato production and fruit average weight. The TS was a better source of P than the BF for tomato production.