Paulo Espíndola Trani

Produção de mudas de alface em bandejas e substratos comerciais

The effect of four commercial substrates in polystyrene trays with 200 and 288 cells, was evaluated on the production of seedlings of lettuce (Lactuca sativa cv. Vera) in a plastic greenhouse, from 15/01 to 13/02/03, in Campinas, Sao Paulo State, Brazil. The treatments consisted of factorial combinations of four commercial substrates (Plantmax HA, Hortimix folhosas, Golden Mix 47 and, Vida Verde Tropstrato hortalicas) and two cell sizes (200 and 288 cells). The experimental design was a randomized complete design, with the plots split with each part subdivided for the evalution time, with three repetitions, each beign made up of a tray. At 5; 10; 15 and 20 days after germination, twenty random plants from each plot were evaluated for their stem height, number of leaves, clod stability of substrate and foliar area. Fifteen and twenty days after germination, the lettuce seedlings grown in Plantmax presented better development characteristics than other substrates. Seedlings produced on trays with 200 cells presented greater number of leaves and bigger leaf areas than those produced on 288 cells trays.

Avaliação de substratos para produção de mudas de alface

Normally, the substrates available in the market are recommended indistinctly for a great number of crops, without taking into account its characteristics and nutritional requirements during the plantlet stage. The experiment was carried out in the greenhouse, where three different substrates (Plantmax, Sphagnum and G-III) were evaluated in the development of lettuce cv. Regina plantlets. Chemical and physical analysis such as pH, macro and micronutrients and sodium, cation exchange capacity (CEC) and base saturation (V%) were calculated as well as physical analysis such as electric conductivity, maximum water holding capacity and particle size of the substrates were carried out. The sowing was done in trays of expanded polystyrene with 128 cells each. We analyzed the fresh and dry mass of the aerial parts and of the roots, number of true leaves and mean height of the plantlets. Among the evaluated substrates, the Plantmax showed to be the most efficient in yielding lettuce plantlets with better quality.

Produtividade de beterraba em função de doses de sulfato de amônio em cobertura

No estado de Sao Paulo foram conduzidos, em duas localidades, tres experimentos de campo com a beterraba cultivar Top Tall Early Wonder com o objetivo de avaliar a producao total de raizes e parte aerea sob diferentes doses de N aplicadas em cobertura. O primeiro experimento foi realizado em Monte Alegre do Sul (SP) em um Argissolo Vermelho Amarelo distrofico e os dois ultimos foram instalados em Campinas (SP) em um Latossolo Vermelho Amarelo distrofico. Os tres experimentos foram conduzidos no delineamento de blocos casualizados com seis repeticoes. As doses de nitrogenio foram parceladas em duas aplicacoes, na forma de sulfato de amonio, e variaram de zero a 200 kg ha-1. No primeiro experimento a produtividade maxima de raizes de beterraba foi atingida com 92 kg de N ha-1 em cobertura, no segundo com 179 kg de N ha-1, e no ultimo experimento com 151 kg N ha-1. A produtividade da parte aerea em todos os experimentos foi linear e positiva. As maiores produtividades de beterraba para a comercializacao em macos (raizes e folhas) foram obtidas com a maior dose de N em cobertura, ou seja, 200 kg N ha-1. Foi encontrada uma relacao linear e positiva entre o teor de N das raizes e parte aerea com as doses de N aplicadas em cobertura.

Desempenho de três cultivares de almeirão sob cultivo protegido

Cichorium intibus L. is an Asteraceae very similar to endive, distinguished by longer and narrower leaves covered with pile and bitter flavored. An experiment was carried out in a plastic greenhouse, to evaluate the performance of the Folha Larga, Pao-de-Acucar and Catalonha cultivars, from July to September/2001, at IAC, Campinas, Brazil. A split plot design was used with the cultivars in the main plots and sampling data as subplots. Each main plot and subplot was randomized in three replications. At 50; 57; 64 and 71 days after sowing, ten plants of each subplot were taken and their height, leaf number, foliar area and fresh and dry matter weight were measured. Yield of leaves per linear meter was also evaluated. No difference in leaf number per plant was observed but interaction was found among cultivars and time of evaluation for foliar area, and fresh and dry matter weight. Catalonha was the tallest and more yielding cultivar but Pao-de-Acucar presented the highest values of fresh and dry matter weight. Pao-de-Acucar also presented highest foliar area. Based on foliar area, chicory should be harvested withing 64days after sowing date. Obtained data indicate that chicory, cultivated in a plastic greenhouse, is a new and good alternative to this production system.

Teste de envelhecimento acelerado para avaliação da qualidade de sementes de alface e almeirão

O uso de testes de vigor para avaliacao da qualidade dos lotes de sementes e uma ferramenta imprescindivel para producao e comercializacao. No entanto, para sementes de alface e almeirao as pesquisas relacionadas a avaliacao de sua qualidade ainda sao escassas. Para sementes de alface, apenas o teste de germinacao e considerado padronizado, enquanto os demais devem ser aprimorados visando fornecer informacoes mais precisas. Com intuito de adequar a metodologia do teste de envelhecimento acelerado para avaliar a qualidade de lotes de sementes de alface e almeirao, foram utilizados quatro lotes de sementes de alface das cultivares Maravilha e Verdinha e quatro lotes de sementes de almeirao das cultivares Catalonha e Pao-de-Acucar. Na conducao do teste de envelhecimento acelerado as sementes foram submetidas ao envelhecimento tradicional, e ao envelhecimento com solucao saturada e diluida de NaCl; usaram-se tres periodos distintos: 48, 72 e 96 horas. Para caracterizar a qualidade dos lotes foi determinado o grau de umidade das sementes, e realizados os testes de germinacao, primeira contagem de germinacao e emergencia de plântulas em casa de vegetacao. Concluiu-se que o teste de envelhecimento acelerado aos 41 °C possibilita a separacao dos lotes em diferentes niveis de vigor, podendo ser utilizado em sementes de alface e almeirao, considerando-se o periodo de envelhecimento de 48 horas pelo metodo tradicional ou o de 72 horas pelo metodo com solucao saturada de NaCl. Quanto ao metodo modificado pelo uso da solucao diluida de NaCl, o periodo de 48 horas e adequado para as sementes de alface e o de 72 horas, para as de almeirao.

Avaliação dos acessos de alho coleção do Instituto Agronômico de Campinas

Fifty accesses from the garlic germplasm bank of Instituto Agronomico de Campinas were evaluated in Tiete and Jundiai, Sao Paulo State, Brazil. The field trials were carried out in 2003, and the experimental design was randomized blocks with three replicates. The data were subjected to an ANOVA and the means compared using the Skott-Knott test at a 5% probability level. The access Piedade and Gigante de Curitibanos showed excellent performance for yield and bulb quality in both locations. On the other hand, environmental interaction occurred for access Bulbilho Aereo 2 and Andradas Manoel Lopes 2. For the first one, the bulb size was different and for the second the yield changed. A greater genetic diversity on yield and bulb diameter was observed in Jundiai, due to lower environmental effects.

Manejo de plantas daninhas em beterraba com metamitron e sua persistência em Argissolo

In order to study weed control efficiency and soil persistence, a field experiment was carried out in Ultisol-Kandiucult with table beet (Beta vulgaris L.) cultivar Tall Top. The treatments were: metamitron applied in pre-emergence at 2,8; 3,5 and 4,2 kg.ha-1 a.i, plus two controls, one weeded and another always with weeds, in a randomized block design with four replications. Weed control and selectivity were evaluated at 28 and 70 days and persistence in soil at 0, 21, 49 and 70 days after treatments (DAA), with bioassays using lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) cultivar Elisa Crespa. The main weeds occuring in the trial were Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn, Galinsoga parviflora Cav. and Coronopus dydimus (L.) Sm. Metamitron at the applied rates was apparently selective to table beets, considering the leaves. G. parviflora and C. dydimus were efficiently controlled with any of the applied rates up to 70 DAA. E. indica was well controlled until 28 DAA with all rates and until 70 DAA only with 3,5 and 4,2 kg.ha-1. Residual activity for 2,8 and 3,5 kg, lasted until 70 DAA, but for 4,2 kg it was longer. Chemical weed control improved yield with an increase on table beet roots of commercial type.

Produtividade de cultivares de alho na região paulista de Tietê

The high cost of garlic seed and the refrigeration process may increase yield, but it is a barrier for small farmers who are responsible for the large Brazilian production. Therefore, research seeking low cost garlic seed, regionally made, and competition studies for yield between refrigerated and no refrigerated cultivars are fundamental. This work aimed to evaluate yield and bulb quality of four no refrigerated garlic varieties (Assai 3702, Gigante de Curitibanos, Santa Catarina Branco and Santa Catarina Roxo) and the refrigerated type Jonas (storage at 4o C for 40 days). The field trial was carried out during March-September 2005, in Tiete, Sao Paulo State, Brazil, in a randomized block design with five replications. Jonas, without differ from Santa Catarina Roxo, Santa Catarina Branco, and Assai 3702 produced higher yields (8.4; 7.6; 7.4 and 6.9 t.ha-1 respectively) and greater bulb weights (30.5; 27.0; 26.3 and 24.6 g respectively). For bulb diameter these four varieties were graded as type 4 (36-45mm), Gigante de Curitibanos was lower than Jonas concerning to yield and bulb mass.

Vigor de sementes de brócolos submetidas a coberturas biodegradáveis e micronutrientes

The development and application of biodegradable coatings and films have been used for many years in order to improve quality of the coated or packed product. The development and characterization of pectin and pectin/gelatin-based biofilms with fatty acids was evaluated and verified their efficiency as coatings to broccoli seeds (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica). The solubility in water of the films was determined. The counting and visual observations of the germinated broccoli seeds were done each three days and fresh and dried weight of the plants were determined at the end of the experiment. Pectin-based films with stearic acid were 100% soluble in water and composite films of pectin and gelatin were 18%. The application of the biodegradable coatings on broccoli seeds had no effect on the plants development, showing their potential for commercial use. The fertilizers, sodium molibdate (0.2mg L-1) and boric acid (1mg L-1), added to the coating solution had no interference in the emergence and development of the broccoli plants.

Recobrimento de sementes de brócolos e salsa com coberturas e filmes biodegradáveis

COVERING BROCCOLI AND PARSLEY SEEDS WITH BIODEGRADABLE FILMS AND COATINGS The objective of this work was to compare the performance of broccoli and parsley seeds coated or adhered to biodegradable films of gelatin and chitosan. Initially, the optimum number of coating layers and the thickness of the film were determined in order not to affect the germination of seeds. The performance was evaluated by germination capacity and vigor, and by fresh and dry weight of plants with 30 days. The seeds inserted into the films of gelatin and chitosan showed lower germination results than the control seeds. The coating of the seeds with gelatin and chitosan coatings of had good results in terms of vigor and development of plants. The results indicated that coating the seeds with biodegradable coatings can be promising due to the improvement of the germination of the coated seeds and the development of the plants when compared to the seeds with not treated.