Francisco de Assis Fonseca de Macedo

Muscle composition and fatty acid profile in lambs fattened in drylot or pasture

The effects of two fattening systems on muscle composition and fatty acid profile were determined in an experiment using samples of the longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle of 24 ram lambs (slaughter weight 29-31kg). The fattening systems were: (i) drylot (a mixture of maize, soybean, wheat and minerals) and (ii) grazing (Cynodon dactylon). The lambs fattened in the drylot system presented higher fat levels (p<0.01), but lower concentrations of moisture (p<0.01) and cholesterol (p<0.05). The lipid content presented a negative correlation with moisture and protein. In lambs fattened in the drylot system increasing levels of fatness of LD muscle were associated with a decrease (p<0.05) in myristic and palmitic acids, but myristic, palmitic and linoleic acids increased (p<0.05) as the cholesterol levels of the muscles increased.

Desempenho de cordeiros alimentados com diferentes níveis protéicos

The experiment was carried out to evaluate increasing crude protein (CP) levels in drylot lambs diet, and its effects on animal performance. Thirty two tricross lambs (1/2 Texel + ¼ Bergamacia + ¼ Corriedale), being 16 males and 16 females, with average age 5 months and live weight 30 kg, were fed for 57 days, with isoenergetic diets (72% TDN), but with different protein levels (12, 16, 20 and 24% PB). The animals were identified, weighted and distributed in the four treatments. The lambs were kept underroof in individual pens with lathing and a suspended floor. The studied parameters were weight daily gain, dry matter intake, feed efficiency, and cost per kilogram of carcass. The use of diets with different protein levels in lamb termination, showed a positive linear effect for weight daily gain and negative feed efficiency. It was verified that the use of diets with increasing protein levels did not influence the dry matter intake of the lambs. It was concluded that the diets between 12 and 24% crude protein were economical for finishing lambs in drylot, however, the largest return were gotten with the ration contends 12% CP. There were no sex effects for the analyzed parameters.

Fontes de óleo vegetal na dieta de cordeiros em confinamento

Objetivou-se avaliar a ingestao de materia seca, o ganho de peso diario, a conversao alimentar, o peso vivo ao abate e o periodo de confinamento em cordeiros Santa Ines puros e ½Dorset ½Santa Ines, alimentados com dietas isoenergeticas (76,59% de NDT) e isoproteicas (17,48% de PB) contendo diferentes fontes de oleo vegetal (oleos de soja, canola e linhaca) e uma dieta controle (sem inclusao de oleo vegetal). A relacao volumoso:concentrado foi de 30:70 e utilizou-se feno de aveia como volumoso. Realizou-se tambem um ensaio de digestibilidade, utilizando quatro cordeiros nao-castrados, distribuidos em delineamento quadrado latino, avaliando-se ingestao, excrecao fecal e digestibilidade total dos nutrientes das racoes. A ingestao de materia seca, expressa em porcentagem do peso vivo, foi menor nos cordeiros que receberam dieta contendo oleo de canola que naqueles que receberam dieta controle. Porem, todas as racoes proporcionaram ganhos de peso e conversao alimentar satisfatorios. Os valores de digestibilidade total da materia seca (76,02%) e materia orgânica (76,82%) da dieta controle foram superiores aos da dieta contendo oleo de linhaca (72,11% e 72,97%, respectivamente), embora nao tenham diferido das dietas contendo oleos de soja (72,94 e 73,71%) e canola (73,45 e 74,25%). A digestibilidade do extrato etereo foi menor na dieta controle (84,02%), enquanto as demais dietas apresentaram valor medio de 91,98%. Os oleos vegetais reduziram a digestibilidade da materia seca e da materia orgânica, nao afetando a ingestao e digestao dos demais nutrientes.

Qualidade de carcaças de cordeiros Corriedale, Bergamácia x Corriedale e Hampshire Down x Corriedale, terminados em pastagem e confinamento

O objetivo deste experimento foi comparar as caracteristicas qualitativas de carcacas de 36 cordeiros terminados em pastagem de coastcross, sendo 13 Corriedale, 14 Bergamacia x Corriedale e 9 Hampshire Down x Corriedale, e 29 cordeiros terminados em confinamento, sendo 10 Corriedale, 11 Bergamacia x Corriedale e 8 Hampshire Down x Corriedale. As medias das variaveis (escala de 1 a 5) condicao corporal: 2,70 e 3,13; conformacao: 2,65 e 3,35; e cobertura de gordura: 2,43 e 2,95; foram superiores para os cordeiros do confinamento que para cordeiros em pastagem. Na escala de 1 a 3, foram avaliadas a cor da gordura: 1,66 e 1,94; cor da carne: 1,66 e 1,72; e consistencia de gordura: 1,62 e 1,83, respectivamente, para os cordeiros em pastagem e em confinamento. A area de olho de lombo foi significativamente (10,21 vs. 9,03 cm2), bem como a espessura de gordura de cobertura: 1,10 vs. 1,70 mm, foi superior para os cordeiros confinados. As medias das porcentagens de musculo no lombo foram de 54,92 e 57,94%; para gordura, 9,29 e 12,95%; e osso, 35,78 e 29,10%, respectivamente, para cordeiros em pastagem e confinamento. Entre os sistemas de terminacao, nao houve diferencas para porcentagem de proteina (19,71 e 19,10%, respectivamente), mas houve diferenca para teor de lipidios, com 5,43% para cordeiros em pastejo e 11,54% para cordeiros confinados. Para as variaveis analisadas nao houve diferencas significativas entre os cruzamentos.

Rendimentos dos cortes e não-componentes das carcaças de cordeiros terminados com dietas contendo diferentes fontes de óleo vegetal

This work aimed to evaluate dressing of cuts and non-carcass components in Santa Ines and ½ Dorset ½ Santa Ines lambs fed with diets of different vegetal oil sources (soybean oil, canola oil and linseed oil) and a control diet (without vegetal oil). After slaughter there was the collection and weighing of the blood, skin, whole gastrointestinal tract (esophagus + stomachs + small and large intestines with their contents), empty gastrointestinal tract (esophagus + stomachs + small and large intestines previously emptied and cleaned), reproductive system + bladder, spleen, liver, heart, respiratory system with trachea, kidney with fat, head, feet and tail for determination of yield in relation of slaughter live weight. After 24 hours in cold chamber, chilled carcass was weighed and longitudinally ssplit, being the left side sectioned in seven anatomical parts: legs, chump, shoulder, fluctuant rips, real rips, bottoms and neck. The study of non-carcass components showed how the weights of skin (8.74%) and gastrointestinal tract (10.65%) are important in dressing determination. Cut percentages were not affected (p>0.05) by different diets and genetic groups evaluated in this study.

Análise econômica da produção de carne de cordeiros sob dois sistemas de terminação: pastagem e confinamento

Professor do Departamento de Producao Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinaria e Zootecnia, UNESP, Botucatu.RESUMOForam analisados os custos de producao e o retornoeconomico do quilograma de carcaca, de 13 cordeirosCorriedale (C), 14 Bergamacia x Corriedale (BC) e 9 HampshireDown x Corriedale (HC), em pastagem de Cynodon dactylon e10 C, 11 BC e 8 HC em confinamento, recebendo racao completa,com 18% de proteina bruta e 72% de nutrientes digestiveis totais,identicos ao da pastagem. A lotacao utilizada foi de 20cordeiros/ha. No confinamento, considerou-se 0,5m

Performance and carcass characteristics of lambs fed on diets supplemented with glycerin from biodiesel production

This study was carried out to evaluate the influence of diets supplemented with glycerin as an alternative ingredient to corn on the performance and carcass characteristics of Santa Ines confined lambs. The study involved 27 lambs aged 90 days, having an average initial weight of 26.33 ± 0.15 kg. Lambs were randomly distributed into a control group and groups with diets containing 15 and 30% glycerin in the total feed. Diet was formulated with 40% roughage and 60% concentrate. The experimental design was completely randomized, and the production performance and carcass characteristics were analyzed by analysis of variance, and the subjective carcass characteristics, by general linear models. The daily average gain was 0.21, 0.24 and 0.23 kg/day; feeding conversion was 6.39, 5.73 and 5.92 kg of diet/kg BW for control animals, and those fed with 15 or 30% glycerin, respectively, without treatment differences. Lambs were slaughtered, weighing 34 to 36 kg, and average weight of the cold carcass and commercial carcass yield were evaluated. The results were, respectively, 15.97 kg and 49.18%, for control, 15.96 kg and 48.31% for animals fed with 15% glycerin, and 15.79 kg and 47.87% for those treated with 30% glycerin, with no treatment effects. Meat tenderness and cooking loss averages were not affected by diets, with 5.07 kg and 40.45%, 5.10 kg and 40.81%, and 5.27 kg and 39.04%, respectively, for control, and those fed with 15 or 30% glycerin. Therefore, it is possible to conclude that up to 30% of medium purity glycerin in the dry matter of the diet can be used to replace corn, without any negative effect on lamb performance or carcass characteristics.

Características de carcaça e da carne de caprinos Boer x Saanen confinados recebendo rações com casca do grão de soja em substituição ao milho

The objective of this trial was to evaluate carcass characteristics, cuts yield, tissues proportion, and chemical composition and fatty acid profile of the Longissimus dorsi of feedlot kids fed diets, in which soybean hulls (SH) replaced ground corn grain (GCG). Fifteen Boer x Saanen male kids were assigned to a completely randomized design (five animals per treatment) and slaughtered at 33.82 ± 4.40 kg of body weight. Diets were composed by star grass hay (Cynodon spp), soybean meal, GCG and/or SH, and minerals. Ground corn grain was replaced by SH in the diet as follows: 0% SH (GCG), 50% (SH50) and 100% (SH100). Carcass characteristics were not affected by the increasing levels of SH in the diet. However, yield of retail cuts from the loin and neck differed across treatments. Percentage of meat from the Longissimus dorsi muscle was not affected by increasing SH in the diet but kids fed GCG diet showed greater proportion of fat and lower of bone compared to SH50 and SH100 treatments. The chemical composition and the fatty acid profile of the Longissimus dorsi muscle were similar among treatments although its cholesterol content was greater when SH was included in the diet. Soybean hulls can replace GCG in the diet because no significant changes were observed in the characteristics of carcass and meat.

Características de carcaça e análise do custo de sistemas de produção de cordeiras ½ Dorset Santa Inês

The objectives of this trial were to evaluate carcass characteristics and production costs of ½ Dorset Santa Ines lambs finished at two finishing systems. Forty-four weaned ½ Dorset Santa Ines lambs were distributed to one of the following two finishing systems: 1) feedlot lambs were fed concentrate (4% BW) containing 15.56% CP and 4.32 Mcal GE/kg DM or 2) lambs were on pasture and received a supplement (1.5% BW) containing 27.01% CP and 4.51 Mcal GE/kg DM. Concentrate and supplement costs were R

Effects of different forage:concentrate ratios on intake, digestibility, and milk yield of Saanen goats

0.39 and R