Francisco Selmo Fernandes Alves

Associação entre o California Mastitis Test e a Contagem de Células Somáticas na avaliação da saúde da glândula mamária caprina

A correlacao entre os resultados do California Mastitis Test (CMT) e da Contagem de Celulas Somaticas (CCS) foi estudada em 68 cabras das racas Anglo-Nubiana, Pardo Alpina e Saanen. Os dados foram coletados quinzenalmente, durante sete meses, realizando-se a CCS em amostras de leite bacteriologicamente negativas. Os resultados mostraram uma correlacao positiva e significativa (p < 0,05) entre os testes avaliados, com um coeficiente de r = 0,63. Quando os testes foram correlacionados com a producao de leite, observou-se uma correlacao negativa e significativa (p < 0,05) de r = -0,27 e r = -0,28 para o CMT e a CCS, respectivamente. Na associacao das reacoes do CMT com a CCS obtiveram-se medias de 0,78 x 106 cels/ml para as reacoes negativas (N, T e 1+) e media de 5,32 x 106 cels/ml para as reacoes positivas (2+ e 3+). Os resultados indicam que, para evitar resultados falso-positivos, outros testes diagnosticos deverao ser usados juntamente com o CMT, para se avaliar a saude da glândula mamaria caprina.

Detection of Staphylococcus aureus using the REP-PCR technique to monitor goat milk quality

The objective of the present study was to apply REP-PCR sequences in the monitoring goat milk quality, by detecting Staphylococcus aureus, in samples of from milker hands, goat teats, milk, milking machine and water, for the future establishment and implantation of the system of Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points (HACCP). Several fingerprints were verified of all the isolates collected from the different sources studied (milker hands, goat teats, milk, milking machine and water). Very similar band behaviors were observed that indicated that the isolates can be reported as epidemic clones. Milker´s hands were was characterized as a critical control point (CCP), because it stands out as an initial point of contaminationin the Staphylococcus aureus samples. The technique was shown to be efficient for the similarity analysis among individuals of the Staphylococcus aureus species, and is therefore a useful tool for investigation of management faults and consequently, in the search for more efficient control to prevent or minimize the spread of pathogenic microorganisms that cause serious illnesses in humans and animals that can be transmitted through products such as milk and its products.

Avaliação in vivo de antissépticos e desinfetantes no controle da Linfadenite Caseosa: acompanhamento clínico, hematológico, sorológico e microbiológico

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the efficacy of iodine tincture at 10% and sodium hypochlorite at 2.5% applied into the abscess of animals affected by Caseous Lymphadenitis (CL). Eighteen ewes were used, assorted into three groups: one treated with iodine tincture at 10% (IT), another one with sodium hypochlorite at 2.5% (SH) and the last group underwent the conventional treatment (CT). Conventional treatment was based on surgical drainage and chemical cauterization of the lesion with iodine tincture at 10%. Natural rupture of six abscesses from IT group was observed and in five of them the viability of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis was confirmed on the lesion place, after rupture of lymph node. As for the SH group, spontaneous rupture was observed in five out of six abscesses treated, and the microorganism was identified on the lesion of five animals, after rupture. In the sixth animal of this group, abscess involution was noticed. A severe swelling was identified in the region of lymph node treated, resulting in wide lesion in animals from groups IT and SH. No difference (p > 0,05) was found in blood parameters due to treatments. As for the serological monitoring of animals, comparative analysis between months within each group showed that months 1, 2, 3 and 4 were different (p 0,05) between months 1 to 5 and 0. Then, the application of iodine tincture at 10% or sodium hypochlorite at 2.5% into the abscess of animals affected by CL, at stage in which lesions are detected through inspection, is not effective for its control.

Teste de pele em caprinos vacinados e infectados com Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis

3 RESUMO - Dez caprinos foram vacinados com toxUide a 3%, outros dez com uma bacterina e mais dois grupos-controle de cinco animais cada, submetidos ‡ inoculaAao de infusao de cOrebro e coraAao e soluAao salina, respectivamente. Todos os animais foram examinados e avaliados com um teste de pele. Tanto o toxUide quanto a bacterina foram produzidos a partir de amostra de Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis. Todos os caprinos foram desafiados com C. pseudotuberculosis, trinta dias apUs as vacinaAies. Nenhuma das vacinas induziu reaAao de hipersensibilidade na pele dos caprinos antes do desafio. ApUs o desafio, todos os animais desenvolveram reaAies mensurAEveis na primeira, quinta e dOcima semana em resposta ao teste de pele. Os di‚metros da reaAao dOrmica aumentaram do dOcimo dia ‡ quinta semana apUs o desafio. As medidas alcanAaram tamanho maior na dOcima semana. O resultado deste estudo indica que antIgeno especIfico do C. pseudotuberculosis pode ser utilizado em caprinos no diagnUstico da linfadenite caseosa como teste de pele ou como instrumento experimental para monitorar o desenvolvimento da doenAa. ABSTRACT - Ten goats were vaccinated with a 3% toxoid, ten vaccinated with a bacterin and two control groups (five animals each) inoculated with brain heart infusion and saline solution, respectively. All animals were skin tested with a crude antigen of formalin-killed Corynebacterium pseudotuberculo- sis bacterial cells. All goats were challenged with a virulent C. pseudotuberculosis thirty days after vaccination. Neither the vaccinated nor control goats responded to the skin test prior to infection. After the challenge, dermal reactions were demonstrated in all animals at one week, five and ten weeks. The diameters increased from the first week, five and ten weeks. The reactions were more proeminent at ten weeks. The results of this study indicate that skin testing with a specific bacterial antigen of C. pseudotuberculosis may be useful in goats for field diagnosis of caseous lymphadenitis or as an experi- mental tool to monitor progress of the disease.

Thoracic aortic aneurysm in a buck associated with caseous lymphadenitis

This paper reports the clinical, bacteriological and pathological findings of a thoracic aortic aneurysm in a four-year-old Anglo-Nubian goat buck, related to a framework of visceral caseous lymphadenitis. General clinical examination showed heart rate of 75 beats per minute, respiratory rate of 20 movements per minute and ruminal movements of four movements per minute. Superficial lymph nodes were normal upon palpation. Rectal temperature was slightly high (40.5°C). Blood test showed an intense leukocytosis (54,000/µL), characterized by strong neutrophil shift to the left. At necropsy, a large blood clot was detected in the thoracic cavity. The thickening of the myocardium and dilatation of the aorta in the thoracic portion, presenting a saculiform format was also observed. A large number of abscesses were disseminated in the media and intima layers of aorta. The aorta lumen obstruction by arterial plaques consisting of inflammatory infiltrate, predominantly neutrophilic was also detected. Abscesses were found spread in turbinate, rumen, reticulum, kidneys, liver, spleen, testicles and aorta wall. The microbiological exam of exudate confirmed Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis as the causal agent.

Infeciosas diseases of small ruminants: economic epidemiologia, impacts, prevention and control: a revision

In this bibliographic review, it is intended to show, on a simple and systematic form, the possible diseases transmitted through meat, milk and other derivates of “caprinos” and “ovinos”. In “caprinos” and “ovinos”, the possible diseases transmitted through meat, milk and other derivates are divided in this present work by two different groups: those occurred by ingesting food named food intoxications, and the “zoonoses”, which bring human and public health risks. The diseases that have a “microbiana” origin, are transmitted through the ingestion of food infected by bacterias such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp, Campylobacter sp, Clostridium sp, Staphylococcus sp. On the zoonoses group, it’s possible to talk about “Listeriose, a Brucelose, a Tuberculose, a Toxoplasmose, a Raiva, a Leptospirose e a Febre Aftosa”

Bacterial meningitis in sheep - Case report

Meningitis is a meningeal inflammation and occurs simultaneously in animals, and its incidence is low because of the best protection offered to the nervous system by its barriers. The infection usually occurs due to some injury to its protective barriers or by direct extension of secondary infections. The present work describes the diagnosis of bacterial meningitis in two without definite race sheep (SRD) adults, presenting with a nervous symptomatology. The presence of proteins and pleocytosis was observed in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and in CSF blood-agar culture, growth Streptococcus sp. This bacterium is found in several animal species; is usually considered a normal inhabitant of the gastrointestinal tract. The bacteremia and blood-borne spread of this bacterium may result in a variety of other clinical symptoms and cause meningitis and brain abscesses.

Considerations on the serological diagnosis of ovine brucellosis in Brazil - A review

Resumo: O aparecimento das doenças nos rebanhos caprino e ovino é comum em diversas regiões do Brasil. Dentre estas, a brucelose ovina vem sendo estudada e analisada através de inquéritos sorológicos ao longo dos anos. O diagnóstico sorológico realizado normalmente nas pesquisas é através dos seguintes métodos, a Reação de Fixação de Complemento (FC), o Imunodifusão em Gel de Agarose (IDGA) e o Ensaio Imunoenzimático (ELISA-i). Comparações na concordância destes testes indicaram uma variação nos resultados levando a considerar a presença de enfermidades correlatas do sistema reprodutivo e a Pododermatite, além dos tipos de antígenos usados nos testes sorológicos que podem interferir na resposta imune. Portanto, correlacionar a sorologia à confirmação do isolamento do agente ou por PCR e a melhoria na qualidade do(s) antígeno(s) utilizados se faz necessário. Palavras-chave: enfermidade, sorologia, ovinos, controle Abstract: The occurrence of diseases in sheep and goats is common in several regions of Brazil. Among these, ovine brucellosis has been studied and analyzed through serological surveys over the years. The serological diagnosis normally performed in the research is through the following methods, Complement Fixation Reaction (FC), Immunodiffusion in Agarose Gel (IDGA) and Immunoenzymatic Assay (ELISA-i). Comparisons in the concordance of these tests indicated a variation in the results leading to consider the presence of related diseases of the reproductive system and Pododermatitis, besides the types of antigens used in the serological tests that can interfere in the immune response. Therefore, correlating the serology to the confirmation of the agent isolation or by PCR and the improvement in the quality of the antigen (s) used becomes necessary.

Ferramentas diagnósticas de Lentivirose de Pequenos Ruminantes: padronização da técnica de ELISA indireto

The Small Ruminant Lentiviruses (SRLVs) include Maedi-Visna (MV) of sheep and Caprine Arthritis-Encephalitis (CAE). These diseases are widespread and responsible for major production losses regarding sheep and goats. The SRLV is a RNA virus of the subfamily Lentivirus genus that causes persistent infections in goats. Early detection is one of the best ways to limit its spread in the herd. To contribute to these issues, this experiment was conducted at Universidade Federal doPiaui in partnership with Embrapa Goats and Sheep, with the objective of standardizing the technique of indirect ELISA (i-ELISA) and to compare it with Immunodiffusion in Agarose Gel to diagnose Caprine Lentiviruses (LC). Six hundred ninety six serum samples were used from the University Veterinary Hospital, Universidade Federal do Piaui, from January 2007 to March 2010. Standardization showed that 0.25 µg protein/well, a 1:200 dilution of the serum and concentration of 1:3,000 of the conjugated anti-goat IgG presented the best results. It was observed that the Agar Gel Immunodiffusion (AGID) detected 128 (18.4%) positive samples, and ELISA, 259 (37.2%). The sensitivity and specificity of i-ELISA regarding AGID were 94.5% and 75.7%, respectively. A higher prevalence was observed among animals older than six months (p < 0.05). The prevalence among males was of 56.7%, and among females, 35.4% (p < 0.01).

Detecção de Streptococcus spp. Utilizando a Técnica de REP-PCR no Monitoramento da Qualidade do Leite de Cabra em Sala de Ordenha

O presente estudo foi realizado, com o objetivo de aplicar a tecnica de REP-PCR no monitoramento da qualidade do leite de cabra, atraves da deteccao de Streptococcus spp., em amostras de maos de ordenhador, tetos das cabras, leite, ordenhadeira e agua, para o futuro estabelecimento e implantacao do sistema de Analise de Perigos e Pontos Criticos de Controle (APPCC). Verificaram-se varios fingerprints de todos os isolados coletados das diferentes fontes estudadas (maos de ordenhador, tetos das cabras, leite, ordenhadeira e agua). Observaram-se comportamentos muito similares das bandas indicando que os isolados podem ser relatados como clones epidemiologicos. As maos do ordenhador caracterizaram-se como ponto critico de controle, pois se destaca como iniciador de contaminacao nas amostras Streptococcus spp. A tecnica demonstrou ser eficiente para a analise da similaridade entre individuos da especie Streptococcus spp, sendo, portanto, uma ferramenta util para investigacao de falhas no manejo e consequentemente, na busca de um controle mais eficiente para evitar ou minimizar a disseminacao de microrganismos patogenicos causadores de serias enfermidades em humanos e animais, que muitas vezes podem ser transmitidas atraves de produtos como o leite e seus derivados. DOI: 10.15528/2176-4158/rcpa.v12n2p227-231