Gangmin Li

Sensemaking tools for understanding research literatures: Design, implementation and user evaluation

This paper describes the work undertaken in the Scholarly Ontologies Project. The aim of the project has been to develop a computational approach to support scholarly sensemaking, through interpretation and argumentation, enabling researchers to make claims: to describe and debate their view of a documents key contributions and relationships to the literature. The project has investigated the technicalities and practicalities of capturing conceptual relations, within and between conventional documents in terms of abstract ontological structures. In this way, we have developed a new kind of index to distributed digital library systems. This paper reports a case study undertaken to test the sensemaking tools developed by the Scholarly Ontologies project. The tools used were ClaiMapper, which allows the user to sketch argument maps of individual papers and their connections, ClaiMaker, a server on which such models can be stored and saved, which provides interpretative services to assist the querying of argument maps across multiple papers and ClaimFinder, a novice interface to the search services in ClaiMaker.

Modeling naturalistic argumentation in research literatures: Representation and interaction design issues

This article characterizes key weaknesses in the ability of current digital libraries to support scholarly inquiry, and as a way to address these, proposes computational services grounded in semiformal models of the naturalistic argumentation commonly found in research literatures. It is argued that a design priority is to balance formal expressiveness with usability, making it critical to coevolve the modeling scheme with appropriate user interfaces for argument construction and analysis. We specify the requirements for an argument modeling scheme for use by untrained researchers and describe the resulting ontology, contrasting it with other domain modeling and semantic web approaches, before discussing passive and intelligent user interfaces designed to support analysts in the construction, navigation, and analysis of scholarly argument structures in a Web‐based environment.

Visualizing internetworked argumentation

In this chapter, we outline a project which traces its source of inspiration back to the grand visions of Vannevar Bush (scholarly trails of linked concepts), Doug Engelbart (highly interactive intellectual tools, particularly for argumentation), and Ted Nelson (large scale internet publishing with recognised intellectual property). In essence, we are tackling the age-old question of how to organise distributed, collective knowledge. Specifically, we pose the following question as a foil: In 2010, will scholarly knowledge still be published solely in prose, or can we imagine a complementary infrastructure that is “native” to the emerging semantic, collaborative web, enabling more effective dissemination and analysis of ideas?

Scholarly publishing and argument in hyperspace

The World Wide Web is opening up access to documents and data for scholars. However it has not yet impacted on one of the primary activities in research: assessing new findings in the light of current knowledge and debating it with colleagues. The ClaiMaker system uses a directed graph model with similarities to hypertext, in which new ideas are published as nodes, which other contributors can build on or challenge in a variety of ways by linking to them. Nodes and links have semantic structure to facilitate the provision of specialist services for interrogating and visualizing the emerging network. By way of example, this paper is grounded in a ClaiMaker model to illustrate how new claims can be described in this structured way.

Efficient location privacy algorithm for Internet of Things (IoT) services and applications

Location-based Services (LBS) have become a very important area for research with the rapid development of Internet of Things (IoT) technology and the ubiquitous use of smartphones and social networks in our daily lives. Although users can enjoy a lot of flexibility and conveniences from the LBS with IoT, they may also lose their privacy. Untrusted or malicious LBS servers with all users information can track users in various ways or release personal data to third parties. In this work, we first analyze the current dummy-location selection (DLS) algorithman efficient location privacy preservation approach and design an attack algorithm for DLS (ADLS) for test emerging IoT security. For efficiently preserving users location privacy, we propose a novel dummy location privacy-preserving (DLP) algorithm by considering both computational costs and various privacy requirements of different users. Extensive simulation experiments have been carried out to evaluate the efficiency of the proposed schemes. Evaluation results show that the ADLS algorithm has a high probability of identifying the users real location out from chosen dummy locations in the DLS algorithm. Our proposed DLP algorithm has clear advantages over the DLS algorithm in term of lower probability of revealing the users real location and improved computational cost and efficiency (i.e., time, speed, accuracy, and complexity) while preserve the same privacy level as DLS algorithm.

Shifting matrix management: a model for multi-agent cooperation

Abstract Shifting matrix management (SMM) is a model of agent coordination inspired by Mintzbergs model of organizational structures. Mintzbergs model permits many temporary lines of authority, reflecting the multiple and shifting functions of a flexible workforce. In order to apply these ideas to agent cooperation, a six-stage framework has been devised. The resulting model has been compared with two standard models: Contract Nets and Cooperative Problem-Solving. All three models have been implemented by means of an in-house blackboard system, Algorithmic and Rule-based Blackboard System (ARBS). ‘Disembodied’ agents have been constructed whose components are spread between system modules, known as knowledge sources, and private partitions of the blackboard. Tests have been carried out in which the three models have been applied to a set of tasks involving the control of two robots. Within the narrow context of these tests, the SMM model out-performs the other two approaches in terms of its task completion rate, number of tasks completed, and avoidance of wasted efforts. It is argued that although the SMM model expends more time reasoning about its actions, this is likely to be more than offset by the resultant efficient use of resources.

Connecting Business Modelling to Requirements Engineering

An outline method for design of inter-organisational relationships is described that builds on Williamson’s transaction cost theory. The method proposes criteria for analysing market conditions and heuristics for selecting the appropriate relationship type from the variables value of goods, frequency of transactions and risk of ensuring reliable supply. A taxonomy of transaction costs is proposed for relationship types that vary from markets, to contracts and hierarchical control. The requirements for computer system support of inter-organisational relationships and how transaction costs can be managed by IT systems are investigated. The method is illustrated in two case studies of inter-organisational relationships. The paper concludes with a brief discussion of how business theories can be used to predict or indicate appropriate IT requirements.

A Middleware Architecture for Price Comparison Service on Mobile Phones

Abstract E-commerce solutions based on mobile devices have drawn great attention recently not only because it provides convenience to mobile users but also it generates revenue for service providers. However our study reveals that current applications failed in users’ satisfactory because of three major issues: service availability, data accuracy and usability. Based on this discovery, we have proposed a solution, which is a middleware architecture that accommodates agents technology, service mash-up and a “contribute-reward” mechanism into a SOA. A model implementation has also been built for a mobile price comparison to test our proposed architecture and solutions. Results demonstrate the improvements on the issues addressed.