Geni Salete Pinto de Toledo

Dietas para frangos de corte contendo quirera de arroz

O experimento foi realizado para avaliar o uso da quirera de arroz na dieta de frangos de corte. Foram utilizados 240 pintos machos, alojados em galpao, contendo 12 boxes de 2m2 de area. Cada box continha comedouro tubular, bebedouro pendular e campânula nos 21 dias iniciais. As aves foram distribuidas em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com tres tratamentos e quatro repeticoes, as quais receberam dietas contendo 0, 20 e 40% de inclusao de quirera de arroz. Os dados foram submetidos a analise de regressao e a analise de variância e, quando houve diferenca, aplicou-se o teste de Tukey. O ganho de peso, o consumo de racao e a conversao alimentar de 1-21, 1-35 e 1-42 dias (P>0,05) nao foram afetados pela substituicao do milho por quirera de arroz. A umidade de cama, o indice de eficiencia produtivo, o rendimento de carcaca quente, de figado, coracao, coxa, sobre-coxa e peito nao apresentaram diferenca (P>0,05). No entanto, os rendimentos de moela, bem como a pigmentacao da canela e do bico, diminuiram linearmente com o aumento do nivel de quirera de arroz na dieta. Conclui-se que a quirera de arroz pode ser incluida nas dieta, substituindo o milho, para frangos de corte.

Desempenho de frangos de corte alimentados com dietas contendo antibiótico e/ou fitoterápico como promotores, adicionados isoladamente ou associados

This study was aimed at evaluating the efficacy of a phytoterapic and na antibiotic, added isolated or associated to the feed of broilers from 1 to 42 days of age). In this experiment were used 320 day old chicks COBB 500, distributed in 4 treatments as follow: T1= Avilamicyn + Aviance (50% +50%); T2= Avilamycin (100%); T3= Aviance (100%) and T4= without promoter. The experimental design was entirely randomized, with 4 treatments with 4 replicates of 20 chicks each. Feed comsumption, body weight and feed conversion were evaluated at the end of each experimental period. Mortality and IEP were analized only at the end of the trial. The results showed that there is no positive effect on broilers performance receiving growth promoters. However, there was higher mortality in tratments wich did not receive any growth promoter wich was responsible for any efficiency productive index lower than those with these products.

Níveis das vitaminas A e E em dietas de frangos de corte de 1 a 42 dias de idade

This experimental research was conducted at the Poultry Section of the Animal Science Department at the Federal University of Santa Maria. The objective of this work was to evaluate the interactions between different levels of vitamins A (Retinol) and E (tocoferol), and their effect on broilers performance in two periods: 1-21 and 1-42 days of age. A total of 990 ROSS day-old male chicks were set. The trial was composed by 9 treatments, with 5 replicates of 22 birds each. An experimental design in blocks was employed in a factorial 32 (three levels of two vitamins). The levels of vitamins A and E were 5,000; 10,000 and 15,000UI and 10; 20 and 30mg kg-1 of diet, respectively. The parameters evaluated were: feed consumption, body weight, feed conversion and mortality. Feed comsumption, body weight and feed conversion were not affected by the increasing or loweing of the medium levels of the studied vitamins. Based in these results we can conclude that vitamins A and E , wich means 50% reduction of the levels used by poultry integration in South Brazil do not reduce the growing of broilers when compared to medium and high levels, which can lead to a reducing in the costs of production.

Frangos de corte alimentados com dietas de diferentes densidades nutricionais suplementadas ou não com enzimas

A trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of exogenous enzymes added to corn-soy diets with different nutritional levels. Four hundred and eight day-old COBB 500 male chicks were distributed in a randomly factorial experiment (2 x 2) with diets having two nutritional densities (standard and low), with or without a pool of enzymes (50g/ton of Rovabio®), six replicates of 20 birds each were randomly distributed in 1.5 x 1.5m floor pens. Nutritional density of the standard diet was: 22,00/3000; 19,80/3100 and 17,82/3200 of crude protein (%CP)/ Metabolizable energy (Kcal kg-1), respectively in the initial, grower and finisher phases. The low density diets had 2% less CP, lysine and methionine+cystine, and 65kcal of ME kg-1 of feed. Feed comsumption, body weight, feed conversion and index of bio economical feed efficiency were analized. Results showed there was no difference for the interaction between nutritional densities and the pool of enzymes in the initial phase. However a significative interaction for feed consumption and body weigh between standard and low density diets. The low density diets added with enzymes had higher body weight gain compared to the one without enzymes. Feed comsumption and body weight gain were higher for standard diets without enzymes compared to low density with or without enzymes, even though feed conversion was not significantly different among them. In conclusion the addition of the multienzymatic complex improves the performance of the birds fed diets of low density. However, they had lower performance than those fed standard diets, regardless the use of enzymes. Cost of production of broilers receiving diets with low density supplemented with enzymes was lower than those with standard diets, with the formulation cost used.

Adição de bentonita sódica como adsorvente de aflatoxinas em rações de frangos de corte

High concentrations of micotoxins in raw materials, mainly in corn used in poultry rations of food, is an important subject of study due to hazardous problems not only to the animals themselves but also to the producer and to the poultry industry due to the reduction of performance by aflatoxins. Taking into account the lack of efficient tecnique for its elimination, from the feed, an adsorbent was added to the diets in order to reduce the effects of aflatoxins. Nine hundred sixty day old Cobb chicks, distributed in 8 replicates of 20 birds per pen the following treatments: T1=No aflatoxin; T2=3mg kg-1 of aflatoxin; T3=no aflatoxin+0.5% of bentonite; T4=3mg kg-1 of aflatoxin+0,1% of bentonite;T5=3mg kg-1 of aflatoxin+0.3% bentonite and T6=3mg kg-1 aflatoxin+ 0.5% of bentonite. Feed intake, body weight and feed conversion were depressed by aflatoxin in the feed. The addition of bentonite to the feed without aflatoxin did not caused negative effecs to the broilers. In treatments carried out with 3mg kg-1 of aflatoxins, the addition of the adsorbent promoted a better performance of the broilers with best results for those receiving 0.3% of bentonite.

Níveis de substituição da DL-metionina pela metionina hidróxi análoga em base equimolar, em dietas para frangos de corte

The objective of this work was to study the effects of substitution of DL-Methionine (DL-Met) by Methionine Hidroxi Analogue free acid (MHA-FA)in on equimolar basis, at different levels, as source of Methionine for broilers, from 1 to 44 days. Seven hundred male one day old chicks (ROSS), were used. The experimental design was in BLOCKs, to avoid ambiental effects, chicks were randomly distributed in five treatments with seven replicates of twenty birds each. The constitution of treatments was based on the substitution of DL-Met by MHA-FA in equimolar basis (0;25; 50; 75 and 100%). Diets were isonutritives for all treatments, differing only in respect to the source of Methionine. The parameters evaluated in this study were: body weight, feed consumption, feathering, abdominal fat pad, carcass yeld and liver weight. No significant differences between sources of Methionine were observed for the parameters, no matter the level of substitution, with exception for feathering, were the use of MHA-FA give the poorest result. Based on the results, one can conclude that the substitution of DL-Met for MHA-FA, in equimolar basis, produce the same performance of broilers, from 1 to 44 days.

Yield and carcass composition of broilers fed with diets based on the concept of crude protein or ideal protein

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of diets formulated using the criteria of crude protein (CP) and ideal protein (IP) on the yield and carcass composition of male and female broilers. Birds of two broilers strains (Hybro G and Hybro PG) were reared from 1 to 42 days of age during the summer, with average temperatures of 26∞C. A completely randomized experimental design was used in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement, with 6 replicates and 20 birds per pen. On day 42, four birds from each experimental unit were killed and carcass yield and composition were determined. Breast yield was higher in males and females fed the IP-based diet than in birds fed the CP-based diet. Abdominal fat pad and carcass crude protein were statistically similar between the two protein criteria and between strains. Carcass amino acid levels evidenced higher levels of Met, Lys, Met+Cys and Thr in the males fed IP-based diets. No differences were seen between the two criteria for the females. Diets formulated according to IP resulted in better carcass and breast yield, both for males and females.

Aplicação dos conceitos de proteína bruta e proteína ideal sobre o desempenho de frangos de corte machos e fêmeas criados no inverno

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance of broilers and analyze the comparative economical effects of two concepts of protein given to two lines of broilers (Hybro G and Hybro PG) reared during cold weather, average of 16 C and RH of 72%. The broilers were fed to diets formulated based on the concept of crude protein (PB) with addition of aminoacids or on the ideal protein (PI), from 1 to 42 days of age for both sexes. The experimental design in both experiments was entirely randomized in a factorial 2 x 2 (2 protein concept vs 2 lines). The males did not show evidence and the interaction between protein vs lines for all variables studied, however, males receiving crude protein had higher fed consumption, but, had a lower weight gain and worse fed conversion compared to ideal protein, For females there was an interaction for fed conversion, where broilers of the line PG receiving PI were more efficient than those of the concept PB. For the same category, analyzing the isolated effects, there was no significant difference for feed consumption, but females of PI were heavier than those of PB. The economical analysis of the results showed that the formulation of the PI concept for both sexes is worth.

Casca de soja em substituição ao feno de alfafa em dietas fareladas para coelhos em crescimento

The experiment was conducted from November 16 to December 28, 2009, add up 42 days. 36 animals of 35 days old were utilized and assigned to three treatments of 12 repetitions each in experimental design completely randomized. The treatments were: TA=Soybean hulls without; TACS=inclusion soybean hulls 50% and TCS=inclusion soybean hulls 100% substitution of Alfalfa at diet. The diets were isonutritives, formulated by requirement AEC (1987). The avaluated parameters were: performance animal, characteristics carcass and analyze economical. Data were analized by analysis of variance and the average compared by Tukey test (P<0.05). Values differences were detected for average feed intake and feed conversion ratio, where rabbits to feeding diets with TCS had consumption lower that to TA and showed better conversion. For the carcass characteristics effects of inclusion of soybean hulls were no significant, with exception of weight epidermis had higger for animals fed with diet TA. The economical analysis of the results showed that the formulation with soybean hulls will be to substitute the alfafa until 100%.

Fontes de fibra de coprodutos agroindustriais protéicos para coelhos em crescimento

The objective of this paper was to study the influence of fiber fractions from different sources (alfalfa hay, linseed bran and corn gluten meal) on performance, digestibility coefficients and meat characteristics of growing rabbits. The animals were distributed into a completely randomized design with three treatments and eight replications, with one reference and two test diets: AH- control diet, with alfalfa hay; LB- total substitution of alfalfa hay by linseed bran and GM- total substitution of alfalfa hay by corn gluten meal. The data were submitted to variance analysis and the averages were compared by Duncan test (P<.05). The largest amount of hemicellulose and the low hydration capacity of the diets AF and GM proportioned greater animals live weight at 89 days of age (2123 and 1934 g, respectively) versus 1797 g of the animals fed with the diet LB and better digestibility coeficients of DM and OM (average of 80.80 for DM and 81.76% for OM, respectively) in relation to diet LB (73.86 and 75.84%, respectively). The diet GM showed a higher digestibility coefficient of NDF (56.59%) against the average of 33.11% for the other diets. The shear force was lower for meat from animals fed with AH and GM (1.90 and 1.63 kgf) compared to LB (2.33 kgf) (P<.05), which indicates meat tenderness. The corn gluten meal proportioned live weight to the animals at 89 days of age similar to the alfalfa hay. The linseed bran, due to large amount of soluble fiber and high hydration capacity, impaired animal performance and meat tenderness.