Geraldo Sadoyama

Determinação da resistência antimicrobiana associada em isolados clínicos de Staphylococcus aureus e Pseudomonas aeruginosa em um hospital público de Goiânia, Estado de Goiás

This study evaluated the associated antimicrobial resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus in relation to an antimicrobial agent with other drugs. The associated antimicrobial resistance was calculated by means of the relative risk. There was an obvious relationship between oxacillin resistance and resistance to other antimicrobial agents among isolates of oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (68.5%), greater than 32%, except for linezolid (6.7%). Pronounced associated resistance among drugs was observed for Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates, particularly for ciprofloxacin and carbapenems (59.6% to 60.7%) and for aminoglycosides and carbapenems (66.3 % to 67.7 %) and other beta-lactam antibiotics (52.3% to 85.8%). The present study emphasizes the importance of diagnostic cultures and susceptibility testing for selecting the correct antimicrobial agent, with regard to the clinical impact of increased multiresistance and selection of associated antimicrobial resistance.

Resistência antimicrobiana associada em isolados clínicos de Enterococcus spp

INTRODUCTION The increasing prevalence of enterococci strains in hospitals, particularly among isolates of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), poses important problems because of the limited effect of antimicrobial therapy for enterococcal infections. METHODS This work presents a retrospective investigation of quantitative in vitro susceptibility data for the range of antimicrobials against Enterococcus spp. isolates and evaluation of the association of resistance between antimicrobial agents recommended as the treatment of choice for infections caused by VRE through calculation of the relative risk. RESULTS Of the 156 enterococci isolates, 40 (25.6%) were resistant to 3 or more antimicrobials, including 7.7% (n = 12/156) vancomycin resistant. The association of elevated resistance was more pronounced among VRE isolates against alternative and primary antimicrobials for the treatment of infections caused by these pathogens, including ampicillin (100%, RR = 7.2), streptomycin (90.9%, RR = 4.9), rifampin (91.7%, RR = 3.1) and linezolid (50%, RR = 11.5), despite high susceptibility to this drug (94.9%). CONCLUSIONS The significant associated resistance to alternative and first choice antimicrobials used in the treatment of serious infections of strains with the VRE phenotype and that require a combined therapeutic regime, revealed even more limited therapeutic alternatives in the institution analyzed.

Factors associated with family dysfunction among non-institutionalized older people

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a prevalencia e os fatores associados a disfuncionalidade familiar, bem como a capacidade funcional da comunidade idosa da capital do Estado de Goias. Estudo transversal, analitico, desenvolvido com idosos que relataram disfuncionalidade familiar. Foram analisadas a capacidade global e a dinâmica familiar. Para os 149 idosos com disfuncionalidade familiar, houve prevalencia do genero feminino, faixa etaria dos 60 a 69 anos, estado civil casado, lares multipessoais, saude regular e presenca de dor. A avaliacao da capacidade funcional revelou dependencia parcial para autocuidado. Na dinâmica familiar, os aspectos mais frageis foram o dialogo e o tempo que a familia compartilha, com satisfacao moderada para todos os dominios. A elevada disfuncao familiar permaneceu associada a queda (p=0,003) e ao episodio pregresso de infarto agudo do miocardio (p=0,004) na analise de Poisson. Os idosos expressaram autonomia e capacidade funcional preservadas quanto ao autocuidado e ao convivio social.4 Ph.D. in Nursing. Advisor Professor at the Graduate Program of the FEN/UFG. Catalao, Goias, Brazil. E-mail: adeliafen@ gmail.com 5 Ph.D. in Immunology and Parasitology. Professor at the Biological Sciences Course of the UFG. Catalao, Goias, Brazil. E-mail: ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to analyze the factors and their prevalence associated with family dysfunction, as well as the functional capacity of the elderly population, in the capital of the state of Goias, Brazil. This was a cross-sectional and analytical study, which was developed with elderly people who reported family dysfunction. Global capacity and family dynamics were analyzed. For the 149 elderly people with family dysfunction, there was prevalence of the female gender, aged between 60 to 69, married, multi- person home, normal health, and presence of pain. Functional capacity evaluation revealed partial dependence for self-care. In the family dynamics, dialog and time shared by the family were the most fragile aspects, with moderate satisfaction for all domains. High family dysfunction remained associated with falls (p=0.003) and previous episodes of acute myocardial infarction (p=0.004) using Poissons analysis. The elderly expressed preserved functional autonomy and capacity regarding self-care and social living. DESCRIPTORS: Nursing. Aged. Family. Family relations. Cross-sectional studies.

Combined use of coagulation (M. oleifera) and electrochemical techniques in the treatment of industrial paint wastewater for reuse and/or disposal

In this work, water-based paint (WBP) wastewater was treated using a natural coagulant, Moringa oleifera aqueous extract (MOAE), fortified with Ca2+ (from nitrate and chloride salts). In order to improve the quality of the treated wastewater and render it suitable for disposal, an electrolytic flow process was associated with the wastewater treatment using a filter-press reactor with a boron doped diamond (BDD) electrode. The feasibility of the treatment was evidenced by the reuse of the treated wastewater in the production of a new paint (manufactured by the company supplying the raw wastewater), whose quality was compatible with the water used by the manufacturer. The best conditions for the coagulation-flocculation process involved the use of 80 mL of MOAE (50 g/L of MO and 0.125 mol/L of Ca2+) for every 1.0 L of wastewater at pH 6.5. The limiting current density (35 mA/cm2) and an electrolysis time of 90 min (charge passed of 3.68 A h/L) were used in the electrochemical treatment. Biotoxicity assays using the brine shrimp Artemia salina revealed that the mortality (in %) of microcrustaceans was reduced from 100% (raw wastewater) to only 11% at the end of the electrolysis process, in addition to eliminating the strong odor and 85% of the organic load. Moreover, microbiological tests showed that the number of mesophiles decreased by more than six orders of magnitude and there was no growth of thermotolerant coliforms (TC).

Redes Sociais no Ensino Superior: uma Visão da Teoria Contingencial

The intention of this article was a survey of the work performed and the theoretical discussion that deals with social networks and their influence on higher education in Brazil. Basing these arguments, how social networks are related within the higher education institutions. The methodology used for the preparation of this work was a literature search through a mapping of the published National Association of Graduate Studies and Research in Administration (ANPAD) and the Meeting of Organizational Studies (EnEO) in the article databases from the Key expressions for the lifting of all the work done in the research groups in Brazil. Despite the importance of social networks in the relations between individuals and their organizations there was little use of this tool in educational research in Brazil, concluding that the influence of social networks in Brazilian higher education is a field of research in the country still in the initial phase.

Fatores associados à disfuncionalidade familiar em idosos não institucionalizados1

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a prevalencia e os fatores associados a disfuncionalidade familiar, bem como a capacidade funcional da comunidade idosa da capital do Estado de Goias. Estudo transversal, analitico, desenvolvido com idosos que relataram disfuncionalidade familiar. Foram analisadas a capacidade global e a dinâmica familiar. Para os 149 idosos com disfuncionalidade familiar, houve prevalencia do genero feminino, faixa etaria dos 60 a 69 anos, estado civil casado, lares multipessoais, saude regular e presenca de dor. A avaliacao da capacidade funcional revelou dependencia parcial para autocuidado. Na dinâmica familiar, os aspectos mais frageis foram o dialogo e o tempo que a familia compartilha, com satisfacao moderada para todos os dominios. A elevada disfuncao familiar permaneceu associada a queda (p=0,003) e ao episodio pregresso de infarto agudo do miocardio (p=0,004) na analise de Poisson. Os idosos expressaram autonomia e capacidade funcional preservadas quanto ao autocuidado e ao convivio social.4 Ph.D. in Nursing. Advisor Professor at the Graduate Program of the FEN/UFG. Catalao, Goias, Brazil. E-mail: adeliafen@ gmail.com 5 Ph.D. in Immunology and Parasitology. Professor at the Biological Sciences Course of the UFG. Catalao, Goias, Brazil. E-mail: ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to analyze the factors and their prevalence associated with family dysfunction, as well as the functional capacity of the elderly population, in the capital of the state of Goias, Brazil. This was a cross-sectional and analytical study, which was developed with elderly people who reported family dysfunction. Global capacity and family dynamics were analyzed. For the 149 elderly people with family dysfunction, there was prevalence of the female gender, aged between 60 to 69, married, multi- person home, normal health, and presence of pain. Functional capacity evaluation revealed partial dependence for self-care. In the family dynamics, dialog and time shared by the family were the most fragile aspects, with moderate satisfaction for all domains. High family dysfunction remained associated with falls (p=0.003) and previous episodes of acute myocardial infarction (p=0.004) using Poissons analysis. The elderly expressed preserved functional autonomy and capacity regarding self-care and social living. DESCRIPTORS: Nursing. Aged. Family. Family relations. Cross-sectional studies.

Factores asociados con disfuncionalidad familiar en adultos mayores no institucionalizados

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a prevalencia e os fatores associados a disfuncionalidade familiar, bem como a capacidade funcional da comunidade idosa da capital do Estado de Goias. Estudo transversal, analitico, desenvolvido com idosos que relataram disfuncionalidade familiar. Foram analisadas a capacidade global e a dinâmica familiar. Para os 149 idosos com disfuncionalidade familiar, houve prevalencia do genero feminino, faixa etaria dos 60 a 69 anos, estado civil casado, lares multipessoais, saude regular e presenca de dor. A avaliacao da capacidade funcional revelou dependencia parcial para autocuidado. Na dinâmica familiar, os aspectos mais frageis foram o dialogo e o tempo que a familia compartilha, com satisfacao moderada para todos os dominios. A elevada disfuncao familiar permaneceu associada a queda (p=0,003) e ao episodio pregresso de infarto agudo do miocardio (p=0,004) na analise de Poisson. Os idosos expressaram autonomia e capacidade funcional preservadas quanto ao autocuidado e ao convivio social.4 Ph.D. in Nursing. Advisor Professor at the Graduate Program of the FEN/UFG. Catalao, Goias, Brazil. E-mail: adeliafen@ gmail.com 5 Ph.D. in Immunology and Parasitology. Professor at the Biological Sciences Course of the UFG. Catalao, Goias, Brazil. E-mail: ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to analyze the factors and their prevalence associated with family dysfunction, as well as the functional capacity of the elderly population, in the capital of the state of Goias, Brazil. This was a cross-sectional and analytical study, which was developed with elderly people who reported family dysfunction. Global capacity and family dynamics were analyzed. For the 149 elderly people with family dysfunction, there was prevalence of the female gender, aged between 60 to 69, married, multi- person home, normal health, and presence of pain. Functional capacity evaluation revealed partial dependence for self-care. In the family dynamics, dialog and time shared by the family were the most fragile aspects, with moderate satisfaction for all domains. High family dysfunction remained associated with falls (p=0.003) and previous episodes of acute myocardial infarction (p=0.004) using Poissons analysis. The elderly expressed preserved functional autonomy and capacity regarding self-care and social living. DESCRIPTORS: Nursing. Aged. Family. Family relations. Cross-sectional studies.

AVALIAÇÃO DA RESISTÊNCIA ANTIMICROBIANA ASSOCIADA EM ISOLADOS CLÍNICOS DE Klebsiella spp, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter spp EM UM HOSPITAL PÚBLICO DE GOIÂNIA, GO-BRASIL

The determination in the level of associated resistance in bacterial pathogens to several classes of drugs has great importance in therapeutic protocols. A retrospective analysis of the in vitro susceptibility for a range of antimicrobials was carried out to quantify the associated resistance to one antimicrobial in the presence and absence of resistance to each of the other ones. Escherichia coli (n = 515), Klebsiella spp (n = 653) and Enterobacter spp (n = 507) isolates, from January 2006 to December 2008, were used. Among ESBL-producing Klebsiella spp and E. coli isolates (54.7% - 357/653 and 15.3% - 79/515, respectively), significant rates of associated resistance to the unrelated antimicrobials: aminoglycosides, ciprofloxacin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole were observed. The resistance in Enterobacter spp to cefepime was associated with a marked increase in resistance to all other agents tested (superior to 80 %), including quinolones, aminoglycosides and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, with exception to ampicillin-sulbactam (58.7%). These results clearly indicate that associated resistance is not limited to particular drug combinations, but is a general event that demonstrate the necessity of greater caution regarding empirical therapy, because its a relevant clinical problem regarding the therapeutic options that are affected by the presence of associated resistance to unrelated drugs.