Giovani Sampaio Gonçalves

Fitase na alimentação da tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus). Desempenho e digestibilidade

This experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of addition of different levels of phytase (0, 500, 1500 and 3000 units of active phytase [UFA]/kg diet) in the diets for Nile tilapia (8.88 ± 0.02 g). All diets were fed to satiation daily for 45 days. The phytase level determination was based on the performance and digestibility parameters and was estimated by the quadratic and/or the broken line models. The broken line model showed a better adjustment for phytase levels according to the observed results. Phytase supplementation increased performence, bone minerals, protein digestibility and calcium and phosphorus availability. The best results of performance, bone mineral retentions and digestibility were obtained with 700 UFA/kg of diet.

Disponibilidade aparente do fósforo em alimentos vegetais e suplementação da enzima fitase para tilápia-do-nilo

This study was carried out to evaluate effects of phytase (0, 1,000, and 2,000 uf/kg) on apparent P availability of five energetic feeds (corn, extruded corn, wheat meal, rice meal and low-tannin sorghum) and five protein feeds (extruded soy, soybean meal, sunflower meal, cottonseed meal and corn gluten) using a purified diet as control. One hundred (100.00 ± 5.00 g) Nile tilapia juveniles (Oreochromis niloticus) were allotted to ten cages to allow feeding and fecal collection. For each feed and each phytase level evaluated samples were collected from five cages, in a total of five replications per treatment. The obtained results showed that the phytase supplementation up to 2,000 uf/kg did not increase apparent P availability present in wheat meal or cottonseed meal. However, the level of 1,000 uf/kg increased the apparent P availability present in extruded soy and sunflower meal, while the level of 2,000 uf/kg promoted this response for corn meal, extruded corn, low-tannin sorghum, rice meal, soybean meal and corn gluten.

Desempenho de juvenis de tilápia-do-nilo alimentados com rações contendo complexo enzimático

The aim of this study was to evaluate the inclusion of an enzimatic complex in diets for Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) on performance, carcass chemical composition as well as water quality. The experiment was performed in 62 days. It was used two hundred reverted fingerlings (14.57 ± 1.24 g) distributed in a complete randomized design in 20 500 L-tanks with four treatments and five replicates, considering a box with 10 fish as a experimental unit. The fish were fed diets containing 0; 0.033; 0.066 and 0.099% of enzimatic complex. The diets were processed in peletized way and supplied four times a day (8:00 a.m., 11:00 a.m., 2:00 p.m. and 5:00 p.m.) The pH average values, electric conductivity, dissolved oxygen, temperature, total phosphorus, ammonia and water nitrate of the cultivation were not influenced by the inclusion of the enzimatic complexin the diet. The inclusion of enzymatic complex in the diet did not affect weight gain, survival, and specific growing rate; however, it affected diet consumption and food conversion, whose values were greater for fish fed 0.066% of enzimatic complex diet. No differences were observed on dry matter, humidity, crude protein, mineral matter, calcium and phosphorus in the fish carcass, nevertheless, the ether extract decreased linearly as the level of enzymatic complex increased. The utilization of enzimatic complex (amylase, protease, cellulase, lipase, pectinase, xylanase, β-glucanase and phytase) at the level of 0.066% for juvenile Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) worsens food conversion but does not influence performance and body composition of the fish.

Níveis de proteína digestível e energia digestível em dietas para tilápias-do-nilo formuladas com base no conceito de proteína ideal

This study was carried out to determine the best digestible energy and digestible protein ratio in feeds for Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) juveniles 30.0 ± 4.21 g) based on digestible amino acids and the ideal protein concept). Twelve rations were formulated with protein levels 22.0; 26.0; 30.0 and 34.0% of digestible protein and levels 3,000, 3,300 and 3,600 kcal/kg digestible energy. The digestible energy/digestible protein ratio was between 8.94 and 15.19 kcal/g. Three hundred and twenty four tilapias were randomly distributed in thirty six 250 L circular tanks at a density of 9 fish/tank, a total of 12 treatments with three replications. After 60 days, there was no significant difference in weight gain, daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio among the studied treatments. A linear increase was observed in fillet yield with increasing digestible protein. With respect to feed cost/kg weight gain, the treatment with 30.0% DP and 3,000 kcal/kg DE presented low cost and better cost effectiveness index. Therefore, it was concluded that digestible energy did not influence the productive performance parameters and that effective feeds can be formulated with DP levels lower than 34% when feeding juvenile tilapias. The ration should be formulated based on the concept of ideal protein.

Relação lisina digestível: proteína digestível em rações para tilápias-do-nilo

This study was carried out to determine the best digestible protein/digestible lysine ratio that should be present in feed fed to Nile tilapias. Two hundred and sixteen tilapias (11.0 ± 0.43g) were distributed in 36 fish tanks (205 L) at a density of 6 fish/tank. Twelve feeds were formulated with three different digestible protein (DP) levels 22.0; 26.0 and 30.0% (based on digestible amino acids) and four different lysine percentages of 4.5; 6.0; 7.5 or 9.0% in relation to digestible protein. The fish were fed ad libtum during a 60-day period. There was significant effect of the digestible protein and digestible lysine ratio on weight gain, because the increase in lysine levels in feeds with 26 and 30% DP promoted linear increase in this parameter. The best values for feed conversion were obtained at the levels 26 and 30% DP that increased the daily consumption of digestible protein. The lysine level caused a linear reduction in feed conversion and linear increase in the protein efficiency rate. The results suggested that the 26% DP level might be used in ration to feed Nile tilapia juveniles; however, these should contain digestible amino acids and the digestible lysine/digestible protein ratio should be 6.0%. However, for levels higher than 26% DP, a maximum digestible lysine level of 7.5% DP improved weight gain for the species.

Characterization of the oils present in acid and fermented silages produced from Tilapia filleting residue

O objetivo neste estudo foi determinar a qualidade e a composicao em acidos graxos da fracao lipidica de silagens de residuos do processamento de tilapias. A estratificacao da camada lipidica das silagens foi realizada em tempos diferentes entre os dois tipos de silagem (acida e fermentada) e o maior volume de oleo foi observado na silagem acida (8,67% p/p). A silagem acida apresentou-se mais oxidada, embora com menores teores de acidos graxos livres, provavelmente porque o grau de hidrolise dos seus componentes e inferior ao da silagem fermentada. A composicao em acidos graxos nao diferiu entre os processos, uma vez que o teor de ϖ-3 foi um pouco maior na silagem fermentada. De acordo com o grau de saturacao, os acidos graxos monoinsaturados destacaram-se como a categoria predominante nas silagens acida e fermentada, com valores de 39,69 e 33,39%, respectivamente. E necessario o uso de antioxidantes na ensilagem, uma vez que esse processo de producao e conduzido a temperaturas superiores a ambiente. O oleo das silagens tem excelente valor nutricional e contem os acidos graxos essenciais a alimentacao animal.

Substituição do milho pelo triticale na alimentação de tilápias-do-nilo

Corn replacement with triticale in Nile tilapia diets was assessed. The fish were submitted to a performance test in a system of aquariums (50 L) with controlled temperature and water recirculation. Fingerlings weighing from 1.7 ± 0.08 g were stocked in 30 aquaria in a randomized complete block with five replacement levels (0.0, 25.0, 50.0, 70.0 and 100.0%) of corn with triticale and six replications. The performance parameters analyzed were: survival, weight gain, apparent feed conversion, feed intake, cost, hepato-somatic index, viscero-somatic index; blood parameters: number of erythrocytes, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrits percentage, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration. The data were submitted to variance analysis and compared by Duncans test. At 60 days of assessment there was greater survival of fish that received diet with 25.0% substitution compared to those fed diet without triticale. At 100 days of assessment the fish fed diet with triticale at the level of 50.0% presented the worst feed conversion rate and highest feed intake. Triticale inclusion influenced the blood parameters, increasing the number of red blood cells and reducing the mean corpuscular volume. Triticale can replace up to 100% corn in Nile tilapia fingerling diets without affecting the fish performance, feed cost and carcass quality.

Crude protein in diets for Nile tilapia broodfish

The effect of different levels of crude protein (32A, 32B, 36, 38, 44 and 50% CP; 3,500 kcal digestible energy) on Nile tilapia broodstock was assessed. After 30 experimental weeks (Sept./14 to Mar./15), 91.0% of eggs from fish fed 44% CP hatched and produced 16.4% more viable larvae than the treatment with 32% CP. Egg production and absolute fecundity were similar between treatments (p>0.05). Sperm motility, average path, straight line and curvilinear velocities showed satisfactory values with 44% CP, unlike 36% CP. Lower profitability was observed with 32% CP; profit increased as protein level upped. Statistically significant responses were not found for reproductive performance of females. Results were satisfactory for commercial-scale production as crude protein increased. The initial hypothesis was demonstrated for most parameters assessed in males, larvae growth and economic viability. Therefore, it is recommend the use of diets with 44% CP for Nile tilapia brood fish.

Feasibility Study of a Fish By-Product Recovery Plant with a Processing Capacity of 1,000 kg/Day

ABSTRACT This study evaluates the feasibility of producing hamburger, silage, and leather using fish by-products in a medium-sized recovery plant with total capacity of processing up to 1,000 kg/day of whole fish. The average volume of fish by-products generated daily was 673 kg. The investment necessary to introduce these three technologies was US

Digestible nutrients of Nile tilapia feed.

47,193.13 in 1 year. The average cost to produce 1 kg of hamburger, silage, and leather was 1.24, 0.17, and US