Giovanna Rocha Nunes

Metabolic profile and ruminal and abomasal pH in sheep subjected to intravenous ranitidine

A ovinocultura brasileira tem se intensificado, o que predispoe os animais a maior incidencia de transtornos digestivos, como a ulcera de abomaso. A ranitidina e utilizada na prevencao e tratamento desta afeccao, no entanto ha pouca informacao sobre a indicacao parenteral deste farmaco para ruminantes adultos. Sao escassas as informacoes a respeito das alteracoes metabolicas e do comportamento do sistema digestorio associados ao seu uso. Para este estudo foram utilizados cinco ovinos, machos, higidos, providos de cânula ruminal e abomasal. O delineamento foi Quadrado Latino 5x5 com arranjo fatorial de tratamentos 2x2+1. Os ovinos tratados com as doses de 1 e 2mg/kg de ranitidina administrada por via intravenosa a cada 8 ou 12 horas foram comparados aos animais do grupo controle, tratados por via intravenosa com 1mL de solucao fisiologica por 25 kg a cada 12 horas. Maiores concentracoes de proteina total e hemoglobina, maiores atividades de AST e aumento do pH abomasal por ate 150 minutos foram observados em todos os animais que receberam o farmaco, independentemente de dose e frequencia. Os animais tratados a cada 12 horas mostraram diminuicao do numero de leucocitos comparados aos animais tratados a cada 8 horas e aos animais do grupo controle. Observou-se aumento das concentracoes de creatinina nos animais tratados a cada 8 horas. Os tratamentos 1mg/kg a cada 8 horas e 2mg/kg a cada 12 horas aumentaram o numero de hemacias e diminuiram as concentracoes sericas de pepsinogenio. Todos os protocolos estudados foram seguros para ovinos sadios, porem 1mg/kg de ranitidina a cada 8 horas e 2mg/kg a cada 12 horas mostraram-se mais eficientes quanto a protecao gastrica.

Oxidative profiles of endurance horses racing different distances

Increased oxidative stress during prolonged endurance exercises may result in muscle damage, fatigue and decreased performance. An adequate stress response during training is critical to obtain improved results and high animal welfare standards. The aim of this study was to evaluate the red blood cell haemolysate concentrations of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), reduced glutathione (GSH) and catalase (CAT) and the plasma concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA) from endurance horses in different distances at high speed in a tropical climate. Fifteen horses were tested; five at 160km (18.54 - 17.16km/h race speed), five at 120km (21.53 - 17km/h race speed) and five at 80km (20.06 - 18.01km/h race speed). Blood samples were collected at rest, immediately after and three hours after the horses left the final vet check and three, seven and fourteen days after the race. No significant increases (P > 0.05) in the levels of SOD, GPx, GSH, CAT or MDA were observed for any of the times or distances examined. Based on these observations, we conclude that reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation during exercise evokes specific adaptations, such as increased antioxidant/oxidative damage-repairing enzyme activity, increased resistance to oxidative stress and lower levels of oxidative damage.

Parenteral administration of vitamins A, D and E on the oxidative metabolism and function of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in swine

ABSTRACT.- Lima A.S., Weigel R.A., Morgado A.A., Nunes G.R., Souza F.N., Moreno A.M., Della Libera A.M.M.P. & Sucupira M.C.A. 2012. Parenteral administration of vitamins A, D and E on the oxidative metabolism and function of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in swine. Pesquisa Veterinaria Brasileira 32(8):727-734. Departamento de Clinica Medica, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinaria e Zootecnia, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Or-lando M. de Paiva 87, Sao Paulo, SP 05508 270, Brazil. E-mail: msucupir@usp.brThe weaning period of piglets is characterized by physiological alterations, such as de-creased weight gain, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increased serum cortisol levels with possible effects on the immune response. The effect of parenteral administra-tion of vitamins A, D and E on production performance, oxidative metabolism, and the func-tion of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNLs) was assessed in piglets during the weaning period. The sample was comprised of 20 male piglets that were given an injectable ADE vitamin combination (135,000 IU vitamin A, 40,000 IU vitamin D and 40mg vitamin E/animal) at 20 and 40 days of age. Weight gain, concentration of reduced glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the microbicidal and phagocytic activity of PMNLs were assessed. No difference was observed in the average piglet weight during the study; however, a greater percentage of weight gain was observed after weaning in the treated group. The concentrations of GSH and SOD did not differ between groups, although lipid peroxidation was greater in the control group at 60 days of age. The inves-tigated variables of oxidative metabolism were correlated as follows: -0.41 for GSH and MDA, -0.54 for GSH and SOD and 0.34 for MDA and SOD. The intensity of intracellular ROS production, the percentage of ROS-producing PMNLs and the intensity of phagocytosis by PMNLs did not differ between treatment groups. Administration of the injectable ADE com-bination improved the percentage of weight gain between 20 and 40 days of age, decreased oxidative stress at 60 days of age and did not inluence the function of PMNLs in piglets.

Oxidative metabolism and muscle biochemical profile of polo horses supplemented with an ADE vitamin complex

Horses used for the game of polo experience abrupt and frequent changes in exercise intensity. To meet this variable energy demand, the horses use both aerobic and anaerobic pathways in varying proportions and intensities. In this context, there must be a balance between the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the action of antioxidants to prevent oxidative stress and its consequences. The effect of supplementation with an ADE vitamin complex on oxidative metabolism was evaluated in 18 crossbred horses randomly divided between a treated group (TG) and a control group (CG). The TG animals received the ADE vitamin complex (1mL/50 kg of body weight) by deep intramuscular injection at 30 and 15 days before the game. The CG horses received 10ml of saline by the same administration route and schedule. During the polo match, the animals played for a total of 7.5 min. Blood samples were collected on the same days as the treatments were administered, and immediately before and at 15, 90 and 180 minutes after the game. The concentrations of creatine phosphokinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), lactate, glucose, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured in the blood samples. After the game, the TG demonstrated higher levels of AST, lactate and glucose than the CG, suggesting more efficient energy use by the treated animals. The higher GSH and lower lactate levels in the TG before the game suggest the presence of a greater antioxidant supply in the treated animals. The maintenance of the MDA levels indicates that neither of the groups exhibited oxidative stress.