Gizelly Santos

Winter and summer management strategies for Conyza bonariensis and Bidens pilosa control.

Conyza bonariensis is one of the most important weeds in southern Brazil. The selection of biotypes tolerant and resistant to the herbicide glyphosate has led to increasing demand for alternatives of management strategy to control this species. This work aimed to evaluate the efficiency of different winter and summer management strategy for the control of Conyza bonariensis, by using glyphosate + 2,4-D tank mixtures combined or not with residual herbicides. The different burndown alternatives were applied after corn harvest (winter burndown), associated to applications before soybean sowing (summer burndown) with a total of 15 treatments. Winter burndown options evaluated in this research were efficient in weed desiccation and provided excellent levels of residual weed control up to the next summer soybean pre-sowing. The sowing of oats after winter burndown with subsequent summer burndown with glyphosate+diclosulam + 2,4-D was found to be efficient to control Bidens pilosa. Conyza bonariensis was totally controlled in all the burndown strategies in which the herbicide 2,4-D was associated to glyphosate.

Persistência de trifloxysulfuron-sodium e pyrithiobac-sodium em diferentes tipos de solo

In Brazil, most of the areas planted with cotton are located in the cerrado regions of Mato Grosso and Bahia, in naturally acidic soil. The objective of this work was to study the influence of soil acidity on the persistence of trifloxysulfuron-sodium and pyrithiobac-sodium, using a bioindicator as detection technique. Four experiments were conducted simultaneously: two with trifloxysulfuron-sodium (7.5 and 15 g ha-1), and two with pyrithiobac-sodium (70 and 140 g ha-1), using a completely randomized design with four replications in a factorial scheme (3x8+3). Treatments were composed by three types of soil (at pH levels 4.2, 4.9 and 5.5), eight sowing dates for the bio-indicator (0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, and 210 DAA), and three control treatments, without herbicide application. The persistence of trifloxysulfuron-sodium at doses of 7.5 g ha-1 was not influenced by the pH values. However, at a dose of 15 g ha-1 the highest increase in the persistence of biological activity was observed in soil with higher pH. When pyrithiobac-sodium was applied to the soil with lower pH, at doses of 70 and 140 g ha-1, a longer time period was needed for persistence to reduce. But at 210 DAS there were no differences in the persistence of pyrithiobac-sodium (70 g ha-1) between the different pH values. However, at the dose of 140 g ha-1 of pyrithiobac-sodium, the soil with the highest pH showed the highest persistence of this herbicide.

Seletividade de glyphosate isolado ou em misturas para soja RR em aplicações sequenciais

The use of latifolicide mixed with glyphosate has been an alternative to control weeds resistant to glyphosate or difficult to control in RR soybean crops. The aim of this work was to evaluate the selectivity of sequential applications of glyphosate isolated or in mixture with latifolicide herbicides for RR soybean. Treatment applications were carried out on the soybean cultivar plants CD 214 RR at the developmental stages V1 up to V2 and V3 up to V4. The herbicides and respective rates (g a.i. ha-1) evaluated were: glyphosate (g a.e. ha1) alone (720/480, 720/720, 960/960, and 1.200/1.200) and the mixtures glyphosate + cloransulam-methyl (720+15.12/480+15.12), glyphosate + fomesafen (720 + 62.5/480 + 62.5), glyphosate + lactofen (720 + 36/480 + 36), glyphosate + chlorimuron-ethyl (720 + 6.25/480 + 6.25), glyphosate + flumiclorac-pentyl (720 + 15/480 + 15), glyphosate + bentazon (720 + 240/480 + 240), and glyphosate + imazethapyr (720 + 40/480 + 40). The experimental design was completely randomized in a split-plot scheme with two checks, and four replicates. The variables analyzed were plant intoxication, plant height, stand,crop canopy, number of pods per plant, 100-grain mass, and yield. All the treatments promoted visual effects of plant intoxication on the soybean crop. However, yield loss was not observed in any of the situations studied.

Aplicações isoladas ou associadas de diuron, oxyfluorfen e prometryne para o controle de Euphorbia heterophylla

Pre-emergence herbicide application at the beginning of the crop cycle is a consecrated practice among cotton farmers. Although herbicides, such as diuron, oxyfluorfen and prometryn, are options for this crop, not much is known about their effect on Euphorbia heterophylla. This work aimed to elaborate dose-response curves for diuron, oxyfluorfen and prometryn in relation to E. heterophylla control, as well as to provide biological efficiency data for tank mixtures of these herbicides. Thus, six experiments were simultaneously carried out under greenhouse conditions, with three consisting of increasing doses of each herbicide applied isolated and three of tank mixtures of two herbicides. The dose-response curve was adjusted for % of biomass reduction at 28 days after application; I80 and I95 (respectively dose for 80% and 95% of weed control and biomass reduction), were also determined. Diuron, oxyfluorfen and prometryn applied alone were effective within the range of the doses evaluated to control E. heterophylla. In general, tank mixtures containing oxyfluorfen were considered additive or antagonistic, while tank mixtures of diuron + prometryn were additive or synergistic. Out of the three possible combinations evaluated, oxyfluorfen + prometryn resulted in the smallest number of combinations promoting acceptable control of wild poinsettia.

Atividade residual de diuron, oxyfluorfen e prometryne no controle de Euphorbia heterophylla

Pre-emergence herbicide applications are designed to obtain residual activity at the beginning of the crop cycle. The objective of this study was to evaluate the residual activity of diuron, oxyfluorfen, and prometryne, applied alone or in mixture, to control Euphorbia heterophylla. Eight experiments were conducted under greenhouse conditions, by applying herbicide doses or mixtures at 30, 20, 10, and 0 days before weed sowing (DBWS).With diuron and prometryne, satisfactory controls were observed at doses up to 20 DBWS, from 1.07 to 1.6 kg ha-1, respectively. As for oxyfluorfen, a lower residual period was verified, with a minimum gaining control of at least 80% being obtained around 10 DBWS at doses starting from 0.324 kg ha-1. The herbicide mixtures diuron + prometryne promoted more than 85% control for up to 30 days, when applied at the lowest dose (1+2kg ha-1),and 20 days, when applied at 2+1kg ha-1.To obtain the same level of control for 30 days, it was necessary to apply 1+0.288 kg ha-1 of oxyfluorfen + diuron mixture. The prometryne + oxyfluorfen mixture showed a minimum of 80% control within 10 days, when a dose of 1+ 0.192 kg ha-1 was applied.