Gladston Rafael de Arruda Santos

Effect of concentrate levels on carcass characteristics of the Morada Nova breed sheep in feedlot

The in vivo carcass characteristics and the cut yields measured in the carcass of Morada Nova sheep finished in feedlot system fed increasing levels of dietary concentrate were evaluated. Thirty-two castrated Morada Nova lambs with 8.11 ± 1.15 months of age and 19.67 ± 2.97 kg of initial body weight were used in this trial. The experimet was analyzed as a completely randomized block design with eight replicates per treatment. Animals were slaughtered at 30.0 kg BW and fed diets with four concentrate levels: 20, 40, 60 or 80%. Linear increasing effect of dietary concentrate on empty body weight and cold carcass weight and yield and linear decreasing effect on digestive tract content and feedlot period were observed. The neck weight and yield linearly increased and the percentage of shoulder and leg linearly decreased with the concentrate levels, while the rib weight showed quadratic effect. In the in vivo measurements, only leg perimeter presented significant effect. There was a linear increasing effect for thoracic width and carcass compactness, while the hind width showed quadratic effect. The use of concentrate in the diet increased the weight and yields of cold carcass; however this maximization did not increase the weights and yields of commercial cuts from Morada Nova lambs.

Composição química e degradabilidade in situ da ração em ovinos em área de caatinga no sertão de Pernambuco

This work was conducted with the objective of evaluating the effect of the type of fistula and time of collection on the chemical composition and in situ digestibility of dry matter, neutral detergent fiber and crude protein in the caatinga region. The experiment was conducted between September 2004 and July 2005. Ten Santa Ines castrated sheep, five with permanent ruminal cannula and five with esophageal cannula, were used. Samples were collected from both cannulas at 7:00 am and 2:00 pm. Sheep had free access to water and mineral mix. The percentage of DM, MM, CP, EE, NDF, ADF, NDIP, ADIP, CHOT, NFC, FT, TT and TC ranged from 11.99 to 25.28%; 10.92 to 14.44; 10.64 to 17.19%; 2.95 to 4.77; 54.83 to 63.14%; 39.40 to 46.62%; 49.74 to 57.95; 28.52 to 39.15; 65.40 to 72.73; 5.47 to 12.86%; 0.37 to 0.52%; 0.16 to 0.28%; and from 1.28 to 6.24%, respectively. Potential degradability (%), fraction B (%), fraction C (%/h), fraction A (%), effective degradability and passage rate of 2 and 5%/h ranged from 48.25 to 64.63; 35.77 to 47.78; 4.60 to 13.40; 9.74 to 18.13; 43.28 to 55.71 and 37.60 to 47.27 for dry matter; from 36.43 to 54.34; 33.28 to 50.38; 3.84 to 8.42; 2.16 to 4.41; 29.21 to 36.54; 23.02 to 33.33 for neutral detergent fiber and from 62.13 to 77.24; 35.44 to 56.09; 5.37 to 14.36; 20.21 to 31.49; 55.84 to 67.49; 45.74 to 59.99 for protein, respectively. The chemical composition and in situ digestibilility of diets for sheep in caatinga is influenced by the month of evaluation. The diet for sheep in the caatinga region presented low in situ digestibility of dry matter, neutral detergent fiber and crude protein. Ruminal cannula instead of esophageal cannula can be used to characterize the chemical composition and degradability of diet consumed by small ruminants.

Analise de trilha para caracteres morfológicos do Feijão-Bravo (capparis flexuosa) no cariri paraibano

Resumen pt: O objetivo deste trabalho consistiu em obter estimativas do desdobramento das correlacoes em analise de trilha sobre as variaveis, numero de brotacoes, d...

Respostas de genótipos de palma forrageira a diferentes densidades de cultivo

Considering the importance of cactus pear as an alimentary alternative for the herd of cattle of the Brazilian semiarid region and the effect of crop spacing among plants, this study aimed to evaluate the morphometry, yield and chemical-bromatological composition of cactus pear genotypes, under different cropping densities. The experimental design was completely randomized blocks, in a 3x4 factorial scheme. Treatments consisted of a combination of three cactus pear genotypes (Gigante, Redonda and Miuda) and four cropping densities (10,000 plants ha -1 ; 20,000 plants ha -1 ; 40,000 plants ha -1 ; and 80,000 plants ha -1 ), with three replications. The cactus pear genotypes reacted differently, regarding morphometry, yield and chemical-bromatological composition, and, regardless of the species, the denser planting increased yield (tons ha -1 ). The Miuda palm presented the highest dry matter yield and consequently the greater accumulation of total digestible nutrients, raw protein and water per hectare, as well as the highest in vitro dry matter digestibility.

Níveis de suplementação sobre as características quantitativas da carcaça e composição tecidual do pernil de caprinos mestiços terminados na caatinga

Avaliou-se o efeito da suplementacao alimentar nos niveis, 0; 0,4; 0,8 e 1,2% do peso corporal (PC), sobre as caracteristicas quantitativas da carcaca e composicao tecidual do pernil de caprinos mesticos terminados em pastagem de caatinga. Utilizaram-se 32 caprinos machos castrados, mesticos da raca Anglonubiana, com oito meses de idade e peso corporal de 18±2,5kg, distribuidos em delineamento de blocos casualizados, que foram mantidos em area de 37 hectares de pastagem de caatinga das 7h as 16h. O peso corporal sem jejum, peso corporal final, peso de carcaca quente e fria, peso de corpo vazio, rendimentos de carcaca quente e fria foram influenciados (P 0,05%) pela suplementacao, com medias, 10,17; 21,19; 16,23; 11,02; 7,30 e 34,08%, para o pescoco, paleta, costilhar, serrote, lombo e pernil, respectivamente. A composicao tecidual em peso absoluto do pernil foi influenciada (P<0,05) pela suplementacao alimentar, com incremento de, 293,59; 212,04; 28,29 e 53,82g, por unidade percentual do nivel de suplementacao, para o pernil inteiro, musculo total, gordura total e osso, respectivamente. A suplementacao alimentar eleva os parâmetros quantitativos da carcaca, associado a incrementos no tecido muscular, gordura total e ossos do pernil, recomendando-se emprego de 1,2 %PC, com vistas a melhor acabamento para comercializacao.

Diet botanical composition and rumen protozoa of sheep in Brazilian Semi-Arid area

This study aimed to determine the influence of seasonal variations on diet botanical composition and rumen protozoa of five rumen fistulated Santa Ines crossbred sheep kept in natural Caatinga vegetation pasture, Pernambuco State, Brazil. Samples were collected in July 2005 and January 2006, the respective rainy and dry seasons. Botanic composition of animal diet was determined by analysis of ruminal extrusa. The rainy season diet was composed mainly by herbaceous and grass species (88%), with Herissantia tiubae making up 51.7%. The dry season diet consisted of shrub species (67.4%), mainly Capparis yco (26.3%) and Bauhinia cheilantha (22.3%). Under such conditions variations in protozoa populations were observed, with the higher total concentration (p<0.05) during the rainy season. Populations of Entodinium genus predominated in both seasons, although decreasing (p<0.05) during the dry season, as did the Epidinium and Eremoplastron genera. The Dasytricha, Diploplastron, Eudiplodinium and Isotricha genera had the higher concentrations (p<0.05) in the dry season.

Levels of feed supplementation on the qualitative aspects of meat from crossbred goats finished on caatinga

The effect was evaluated of feed supplementation (0.0, 0.4, 0.8, and 1.2% of body weight) on the qualitative aspects of goat meat (moisture, ash, fat, protein, colouring using the CIE (L*, a* and b *) system, pH, cooking loss and shear force), and also on the sensory attributes of goat aroma, off-aroma, colour, texture, tenderness, flavour, off-flavour, juiciness and overall appearance. A total of 32 crossbred Anglo-Nubian goats were used, organised into randomised blocks and finished on a pasture of caatinga. There was a quadratic effect (p 0.05) by feed supplementation, except for colour and general appearance. Feed supplementation at 0.8% of body weight provides an increase in ash, fat and protein levels associated with qualitative improvements in cooking loss, tenderness and colouring, with increases in the sensory attributes of colour and overall appearance.

Abundance and diversity of rumen protozoa in lambs fed Gliricidia sepium silage

The objective of this study was to evaluate changes in ruminal protozoa in lambs after partial replacement of feed concentrates in their diets with Gliricidia sepium silage. Twenty-four male Santa Ines lambs with an average initial weight of 14.5 kg were used. The experimental design was completely randomized, with four treatments and six replications. Treatments (given as a percentage of dry matter) were as follows: control - corn silage (600 g kg-1 as fed) + concentrate (400 g kg-1 as fed); GS133 - corn silage (600 g kg-1 as fed) + G. sepium silage (133 g kg-1as fed) + concentrate (267 g kg-1 as fed); GS267 - corn silage (600 g kg-1 as fed) + G. sepium silage (267g kg-1as fed) + concentrate (133 g kg-1 as fed); and GS400 - corn silage (600 g kg-1 as fed) + G. sepium silage (400 g kg-1as fed). Samples of rumen contents were obtained at slaughter, and analysis revealed the presence of nine genera of rumen protozoa that were present in all animals, with the exception of Enoploplastronand Eremoplastron. There were no significant differences in the average total numbers of rumen ciliates or in the composition of species between lambs. Inclusion of up to 400 g kg-1 (as fed) G. sepium silage in the diet of lambs does not affect the diversity or density of rumen protozoa.

Características quantitativas da carcaça de cordeiros Santa Inês, abatidos com diferentes espessuras de gordura subcutânea

The present work aimed to study the carcass quantitative characteristics of Santa Ines lambs in a feedlot, slaughtered of three different subcutaneous fat thickness (SFT) levels. Were used for a total of 24 uncastrated lambs with 100 days of age and 22.7 ± 3.75kg body weight. The animals were randomly distributed into one of the three groups: slaughtered at 2, 3 and 4mm of subcutaneous fat thickness (SFT) levels, with eight lambs of each SFT. The data analyses was done by SAEG software using Tukey test at 5% significance level. The lambs slaughtered at 2 mm of SFT showed higher yields of liver (2.12%), spleen (0.32%), head (6.69%) and legs (3.08%), however, for higher values of SFT the yields decreased. The carcass source yield, carcass slaughter yield, carcass commercial yield, carcass biological yield, the body weights and carcass weights were influenced by SFT (p < 0.05), the lambs slaughtered at 4 mm SFT showed higher values than the lambs slaughtered at 2 mm SFT. When the level SFT was increased of Longissimus dorsi were found that increased fat proportion, decreased bone proportion and no have effect of muscle proportion. In conclusion, we recommend to slaughter lambs at 3 mm subcutaneous fat thickness level, because this provided better results for carcass quantitative characteristics.

Physicochemical and sensory traits of meat from Santa Inês lambs slaughtered with different subcutaneous fat thicknesses

Physical (pH, color, tenderness, and cooking weight loss), chemical (moisture, crude protein, ash, and lipids) and sensory (odor, flavor, juiciness, and overall acceptance) characteristics of meat from Santa Ines lambs slaughtered with 2.0, 3.0, and 4.0 mm of subcutaneous fat thickness (SFT) were evaluated. Samples of the longissimus dorsi muscles were removed from 24 male uncastrated lambs distributed in a completely randomized design with three treatments and eight replicates. Weightings and ultrasound evaluations were performed every 14 days. No significant differences were observed for pH0h, which averaged 6.24. Lambs slaughtered with 4.0 mm SFT differed from the treatments with 2.0 and 3.0 mm as to the pH24h values. The meat from lambs slaughtered with 3.0 and 4.0 mm SFT showed a greater lightness (L*) value. Meat tenderness (2.21 kgf/cm2), cooking weight loss (13.90%), moisture (74.39%), and crude protein (22.10%) contents were not affected by the SFT. For the total lipid contents of the meat, significant differences were observed between the lambs slaughtered with 2.0 mm and those with 3.0 and 4.0 mm SFT. The sensory traits were not affected by the SFT with which the lambs were slaughtered. Lambs slaughtered with 4.0 mm SFT remained 33 days longer in feedlot and showed similar live weights at slaughter to those with 3.00 mm. It is recommended to slaughter Santa Ines lambs with a subcutaneous fat thickness of 3.00 mm.