Ângela Maria Vieira Batista

Palma forrageira em substituição ao feno de capim-elefante: efeito sobre consumo, digestibilidade e características de fermentação ruminal em ovinos

Este experimento foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da substituicao do feno de capim-elefante por palma forrageira (Opuntia ficus indica, Mill), como fonte de forragem, sobre o consumo e a digestibilidade aparente dos nutrientes e das caracteristicas ruminais de carneiros. Cinco dietas isoproteicas foram formuladas, em que a palma forrageira substituiu 0, 14, 28, 42 e 56% do feno de capim elefante na dieta. Cinco ovinos machos nao-castrados foram distribuidos em um delineamento em quadrado latino 5 x 5 (cinco periodos, cinco niveis de palma e cinco repeticoes). Cada periodo experimental teve duracao de 13 dias - sete para adaptacao e seis dias para coleta de dados e amostras. Os consumos de MS, MO, EE, PB, CT, CNF e NDT aumentaram linearmente com a substituicao do feno de capim-elefante por palma forrageira na dieta. O consumo de agua diminuiu linearmente e o de FDN apresentou efeito quadratico com a substituicao do feno de capim-elefante por palma forrageira na dieta. Os coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente de EE, PB, CNF e FDN nao foram influenciados, enquanto os de MS, MO e CT aumentaram linearmente com a substituicao do feno de capim-elefante por palma forrageira na dieta. O pH e a concentracao de NH3 ruminal decresceram linearmente com a substituicao do feno de capim-elefante por palma forrageira na dieta. A substituicao do feno de capim-elefante por palma forrageira na dieta melhora a ingestao e o aproveitamento dos nutrientes.

Características de carcaça e dos componentes não-carcaça de cabritos Moxotó e Canindé submetidos a dois níveis de alimentação

Twenty-two non-castrated male kids (10 Moxoto and 12 Caninde) averaging 15 kg of initial body weight and housed in individual pens were used in this trial. Animals were assigned to a completely randomized design in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments [two breeds and two feeding levels: ad libitum (AL) or 30% of feed restriction (FR). Animals fed AL had greater yields of hot carcass, cold carcass, and carcass edible parts compared to those fed FR. It was not observed a significant feeding level effect on true carcass yield. After slaughter and cooling of the carcasses the following cuts were done: neck, shoulder clod, ribs (1st-5th and 6th-13th), loin, leg and breast. Although animals fed AL had greater body weights than FR kids, no significant differences were found between treatments for the different carcass cuts when expressed as percentage of cold carcass weight. Hind leg yield was affected by feeding level being lower in animals fed AL. Yields of liver, head, and gut, as percentage of empty body weight, were also affected by feeding level. Feed restriction had a negative effect on development and tissue deposition leading to lower cold carcass yield and weight. It can be concluded that when size and mature weight were similar, breed was not responsible for the differences on carcass characteristics, non-carcass components, and commercial cuts.

Níveis de energia em dietas para ovinos Santa Inês: desempenho

The intakes of dry matter (IDM), metabolizable energy (IME), ether extract (IEE), crude protein (ICP), neutral detergent fiber (INDF), acid detergent fiber (IADF) and organic matter (IOM) and the daily weight gain (WG), in kg/day, and feed conversion (FC) were determined to evaluate the effect of three dietary energy levels, for sheep. Eighteen Santa Ines sheep (averaging live weight of 20 kg six months old) were full fed diets with 2.42, 2.66 and 2.83 Mcal of metabolizable energy (ME)/kg of dry matter (DM). A randomized block design, with six replicates, was used. IDM, in kg/day, %LW, g/kg0.75, showed no effect, as the dietary energy levels increased, with average of 0.88 kg, 3.33% and 75.52 g, respectively. INDF and IADF showed linear decreasing effect, as the dietary energy levels increased. IEE and IME increased linearly, as the dietary energy levels increased. There was no significant effect for ICP, as the dietary energy levels increased. Dietary energy levels did not influence weight gain and feed conversion, that were of 0.123, 0.137, and 0.191 kg and 9.6, 8.4, and 7.0, respectively.

Effect of concentrate levels on carcass characteristics of the Morada Nova breed sheep in feedlot

The in vivo carcass characteristics and the cut yields measured in the carcass of Morada Nova sheep finished in feedlot system fed increasing levels of dietary concentrate were evaluated. Thirty-two castrated Morada Nova lambs with 8.11 ± 1.15 months of age and 19.67 ± 2.97 kg of initial body weight were used in this trial. The experimet was analyzed as a completely randomized block design with eight replicates per treatment. Animals were slaughtered at 30.0 kg BW and fed diets with four concentrate levels: 20, 40, 60 or 80%. Linear increasing effect of dietary concentrate on empty body weight and cold carcass weight and yield and linear decreasing effect on digestive tract content and feedlot period were observed. The neck weight and yield linearly increased and the percentage of shoulder and leg linearly decreased with the concentrate levels, while the rib weight showed quadratic effect. In the in vivo measurements, only leg perimeter presented significant effect. There was a linear increasing effect for thoracic width and carcass compactness, while the hind width showed quadratic effect. The use of concentrate in the diet increased the weight and yields of cold carcass; however this maximization did not increase the weights and yields of commercial cuts from Morada Nova lambs.

Desempenho e digestibilidade aparente em ovinos confinados alimentados com dietas contendo níveis crescentes de caroço de algodão integral

This work was carried out with the objective to evaluate the effects of different levels (0.0 20.0, 30.0 and 40.0%) of whole cottonseed (Gossypium hirsutum L.) of the diet (% DM) on performance and nutrient digestibilities of feedlot Santa Inez sheep. Twenty-four sheep with average initial and final body weight of 19.0 and 32.2 kg, respectively, and allotted to a completely randomized design, with four diets and six replications. The dry matter intake in kg/day, %BW and g/kg0.75 was not influenced by the inclusion of the whole cottonseed (WCS), with averages of 1.195, 4.61, and 104.07, respectively. The total and daily weight gains decreased, while the feed conversion ration showed increasing linear effect with the inclusion of WCS, except for the level of 20% WCS that showed similar performance to the control diet. The intakes of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), total carbohydrates (TC) and total digestible nutrients (TDN), in g/day were not affected, while the neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), ether extract (EE) presented increasing linear effect with the inclusion of WCS. The inclusion of whole cottonseed in the feeding provided quadratic effect for digestible coefficients of CP, ADF and increasing linear effect for NDF and EE, however did not affect DM, OM, TC and TDN intake of the diets. The whole cottonseed in the used levels does not alter the intake and the digestibility of the DM, NDF and TND, but reduced the weight gain and feed conversion ratio of feedlot of the Santa Inez lambs, and could be included in termination diets.

Efeito dos níveis de concentrado sobre o desempenho de ovinos Morada Nova em confinamento

The objective of this trial was to evaluate performance and nutrient intake and digestibility in feedlot Morada Nova hair sheep fed increasing levels of dietary concentrate. Thirty-two castratated Morada Nova sheep averaging 8.11 ± 1.15 months of age and 19.67 ± 2.97 kg of body weight (BW) at the beginning of the study were used in this trial. Animals were slaughtered with 30.0 kg of BW and fed diets with the following concentrate levels: 20, 40, 60 or 80%. A completely randomized block design with eight replicates per treatment was used. There was a significant linear reduction in feedlot days from 123.37 to 52.50 when the concentrate levels increased from 20 to 80% in the diet. Conversely, dry matter intake increasead linearly from 0.925 to 1.124 kg/day by reducing the forage:concentrate ratio of the diet. The daily weight gain and feed conversion and efficiency improved with increasing the levels concentrate in the diet. Intakes of organic matter, crude protein, ether extract, total digestible nutrients, metabolizable energy, total carbohydrates, and nonfiber carbohydrates all increasead with concentrate levels in the diet, while the opposite was observed for intakes of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber. Total tract apparent digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, and total carbohydrates increased when the concentrate levels was increased in the diet. Significant quadratic effects were observed for the the digestibility of ether extract and nonfiber carbohydrates while that of crude protein, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fibers was not affected by the dietary levels of concentrate. Dietary concentrate levels greater than 60% improved performance of feedlot Morada Nova sheep by increasing daily weight gain and decreasing slaughter feedlot time. Diets with concentrate levels higher than 40% increasead digestibility coefficients of nutrients.

Evaluation of botanical composition of sheep diet in Caatinga pasture

This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of cannula placement site and hour of collection on the botanical composition of sheep diet. Ten castrated sheep Santa Ines breed were used, with five of them using permanent ruminal cannula and the five others with esophageal cannula. Water and mineral mix were available ad libitum. Samples collected from both cannulas revealed 39 species with an average of 20 species occurring in each monthly sampling. In addition, other Poaceae species were not identified. There was a significant effect of collection time on the botanical composition and on the plant fractions selected by the sheeps. Leaf was the most consumed fraction, corresponding to 55% of the extrusa sample. Stem proportion was affected by month x hour of collection interaction. There was no effect of the place of fistula or time of collection on botanical composition of the diet, however, the interaction of month of collection, fistula placement and, time of collection affected botanical composition and proportion of plant fractions consumed. The selectivity index varied during the study for several species, being directly related to the ingestive behavior of the sheep. Feed selected by sheep presented a large number of plant species with malvaceae and poaceae being the most important families. Ruminal cannula instead of esophageal cannula can be used to characterize the botanical composition of the diet consumed by small ruminants.

Composição química e degradabilidade in situ da ração em ovinos em área de caatinga no sertão de Pernambuco

This work was conducted with the objective of evaluating the effect of the type of fistula and time of collection on the chemical composition and in situ digestibility of dry matter, neutral detergent fiber and crude protein in the caatinga region. The experiment was conducted between September 2004 and July 2005. Ten Santa Ines castrated sheep, five with permanent ruminal cannula and five with esophageal cannula, were used. Samples were collected from both cannulas at 7:00 am and 2:00 pm. Sheep had free access to water and mineral mix. The percentage of DM, MM, CP, EE, NDF, ADF, NDIP, ADIP, CHOT, NFC, FT, TT and TC ranged from 11.99 to 25.28%; 10.92 to 14.44; 10.64 to 17.19%; 2.95 to 4.77; 54.83 to 63.14%; 39.40 to 46.62%; 49.74 to 57.95; 28.52 to 39.15; 65.40 to 72.73; 5.47 to 12.86%; 0.37 to 0.52%; 0.16 to 0.28%; and from 1.28 to 6.24%, respectively. Potential degradability (%), fraction B (%), fraction C (%/h), fraction A (%), effective degradability and passage rate of 2 and 5%/h ranged from 48.25 to 64.63; 35.77 to 47.78; 4.60 to 13.40; 9.74 to 18.13; 43.28 to 55.71 and 37.60 to 47.27 for dry matter; from 36.43 to 54.34; 33.28 to 50.38; 3.84 to 8.42; 2.16 to 4.41; 29.21 to 36.54; 23.02 to 33.33 for neutral detergent fiber and from 62.13 to 77.24; 35.44 to 56.09; 5.37 to 14.36; 20.21 to 31.49; 55.84 to 67.49; 45.74 to 59.99 for protein, respectively. The chemical composition and in situ digestibilility of diets for sheep in caatinga is influenced by the month of evaluation. The diet for sheep in the caatinga region presented low in situ digestibility of dry matter, neutral detergent fiber and crude protein. Ruminal cannula instead of esophageal cannula can be used to characterize the chemical composition and degradability of diet consumed by small ruminants.

Características de carcaça de ovinos em crescimento alimentados com rações contendo farelo de babaçu

Avaliaram-se as caracteristicas, os rendimentos e as medidas lineares de carcaca de 24 ovinos sem padrao racial definido (SPRD), nao-castrados, com idade inicial de 4,6 ± 0,8 meses e peso vivo inicial de 20 ± 3,25 kg, confinados em baias individuais e alimentados com racoes contendo 0, 10, 20 ou 30% de farelo de babacu. Utilizou-se delineamento em blocos casualizados, com quatro tratamentos e seis repeticoes. Houve efeito linear decrescente dos niveis de farelo de babacu sobre o peso de corpo vazio, o peso vivo ao abate e os pesos de carcaca quente e fria. Os pesos da meia-carcaca, de paleta, costelas (da 1a a 5a e da 6a a 13a), serrote, lombo e perna tambem decresceram de forma linear, enquanto o peso do pescoco foi influenciado de forma quadratica pelos niveis de farelo de babacu. Os rendimentos dos cortes nao foram influenciados pelos niveis do farelo de babacu: as medias foram de 20,47; 8,65; 6,94; 9,71; 10,36; 9,11 e 33,07% para paleta, pescoco, costela (1a a 5a), costela (6a a 13a), serrote, lombo e perna, respectivamente. Entre as medidas biometricas na carcaca, houve efeito linear decrescente para compacidade da carcaca, area de olho-de-lombo, perimetro da garupa, comprimento de perna e comprimento interno da carcaca. Niveis de farelo de babacu superiores a 10% na dieta afetam negativamente os pesos e rendimentos, bem como os cortes comerciais e as medidas lineares, de carcacas de ovinos sem padrao racial definido em terminacao.

Composição química de forrageiras e seletividade de bovinos em bosque-de-sabiá (Mimosa caesalpiniifolia Benth.) nos períodos chuvoso e seco

This trial was carried out from June 1999 to March 2000 to evaluate the chemical composition of samples of sabia legume (Mimosa caesalpiniaefolia Benth.), with and without thorns, collected in the rainy and dry seasons and to compare the botanical composition of sabia pasture with that of the diet selected by the grazing animals. No significant difference was observed in chemical composition between samples of sabia with and without thorns. The mean values obtained in the rainy samples were: 26.45% drymatter (DM), 27.63% crude protein (CP), 44.39% neutral detergent fiber (NDF), 25.80% acid detergent fiber (ADF), 1.24% calcium (Ca), 0.22% phosphorus (P), 1.63% potassium (K) and 1.12% sodium (Na). In the dry period samples, the mean values observed were: 42.39% DM, 19.30% CP, 39.05% NDF, 21.83% ADF, 1.25% Ca, 0.15% P, 1.63% K and 0.27% Na. Considering the botanical composition, the rainy extrusa sample showed higher participation of sabia (83.1%) as compared to the dry period (12.3%). During the rainy period, the animals selected sabia in higher quantity while the hand plucked samples overestimated the dietary fiber fraction as compared to values for the extrusa samples.This trial was carried out from June 1999 to March 2000 to evaluate the chemical composition of samples of sabiá legume (Mimosa caesalpiniaefolia Benth.), with and without thorns, collected in the rainy and dry seasons and to compare the botanical composition of sabiá pasture with that of the diet selected by the grazing animals. No significant difference was observed in chemical composition between samples of sabiá with and without thorns. The mean values obtained in the rainy samples were: 26.45% drymatter (DM), 27.63% crude protein (CP), 44.39% neutral detergent fiber (NDF), 25.80% acid detergent fiber (ADF), 1.24% calcium (Ca), 0.22% phosphorus (P), 1.63% potassium (K) and 1.12% sodium (Na). In the dry period samples, the mean values observed were: 42.39% DM, 19.30% CP, 39.05% NDF, 21.83% ADF, 1.25% Ca, 0.15% P, 1.63% K and 0.27% Na. Considering the botanical composition, the rainy extrusa sample showed higher participation of sabiá (83.1%) as compared to the dry period (12.3%). During the rainy period, the animals selected sabiá in higher quantity while the hand plucked samples overestimated the dietary fiber fraction as compared to values for the extrusa samples.