Glenn M. Callaghan

Improving diabetes self-management through acceptance, mindfulness, and values: a randomized controlled trial.

Patients in a low-income community health center with Type 2 diabetes (N = 81) taking a one-day education workshop as part of their diabetes medical management were randomly assigned either to education alone or to a combination of education and acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT). Both groups were taught how to manage their diabetes, but those in the ACT condition also learned to apply acceptance and mindfulness skills to difficult diabetes-related thoughts and feelings. Compared with patients who received education alone, after 3 months those in the ACT condition were more likely to use these coping strategies, to report better diabetes self-care, and to have glycated hemoglobin (HbA-sub(1C)) values in the target range. Mediational analyses indicated that changes in acceptance coping and self-management behavior mediated the impact of treatment on changes in HbA-sub(1C).

The Treatment of Histrionic and Narcissistic Personality Disorder Behaviors: A Single-Subject Demonstration of Clinical Improvement Using Functional Analytic Psychotherapy

This article presents single-subject data for the treatment of histrionic and narcissistic personality disorder behaviors using a relatively brief course of an interpersonal therapy, Functional Analytic Psychotherapy (Kohlenberg & Tsai, 1991). The treatment produced significant changes in these behaviors both statistically and qualitatively. Empirical methods for analyzing the changes across sessions and for determining that the therapist engaged in the proposed mechanism of clinical change are discussed. While these data are for one subject, the results of treatment provide both a method of treating difficult and long-standing client behaviors such as these, and for assessing the progress of therapy.

A Guide to Functional Analytic Psychotherapy

A guide to functional analytic psychotherapy : , A guide to functional analytic psychotherapy : , کتابخانه دیجیتال جندی شاپور اهواز

A Micro-Process Analysis of Functional Analytic Psychotherapy's Mechanism of Change

This study sought to clarify the micro-process of Functional Analytic Psychotherapy (FAP) by using the Functional Analytic Psychotherapy Rating Scale (FAPRS) to code every client and therapist turn of speech over the course of successful treatment of an individual meeting diagnostic criteria for depression and histrionic personality disorder. Treatment consisted of cognitive behavioral therapy alone followed by the addition of FAP techniques in a unique A / A+B design. In-session client behavior improved following the shift to FAP techniques, and micro-process data suggested that client behavior was effectively shaped by in-vivo FAP procedures. These results support FAPs purported mechanisms of change and highlight the advantages of utilizing molecular coding systems to explore these mechanisms.

USEFUL CONSTRUCTIONS OF THE CLIENT- THERAPIST RELATIONSHIP

Although different theories of psychotherapy emphasize the importance of the therapeutic relationship, these perspectives diverge when considering why this relationship matters clinically. This article proposes that different verbal constructions or definitions of the therapeutic relationship result in very different approaches to treatment and affect the way the client and therapist interact. An understanding of this relationship using a contemporary radical behavioral therapy, Functional Analytic Psychotherapy (FAP), is discussed and is contrasted with different conceptualizations of this relationship. This discussion emphasizes how specific constructions provide advantages to therapists that facilitate treatment and offers a distinction between the therapeutic relationship and a friendship. A discussion of why it is important for the therapist to understand and convey this definition to the client during treatment is included along with a brief description of how supervision helps the therapist gain an understanding of this relationship.

FACT: THE UTILITY OF AN INTEGRATION OF FUNCTIONAL ANALYTIC PSYCHOTHERAPY AND ACCEPTANCE AND COMMITMENT THERAPY TO ALLEVIATE HUMAN SUFFERING

Functional analytic psychotherapy(FAP) and acceptance and commitmenttherapy (ACT) are 2 contemporarybehavioral therapies designed toaddress complex clinical problems. The2 therapies are described, and areas ofconvergence and divergence arediscussed. A new psychotherapyintegrating the 2—functional-analyticacceptance and commitment therapy(FACT)—is defined. It is argued thatFACT enhances the utility of FAP orACT alone by expanding the target oftherapy to include both interpersonaland intrapersonal client behaviors. Inaddition, the authors posit that theintervention technologies used in FAPand ACT enhance one another. Theauthors also address the followingtopics: populations for whom FACTwould be most beneficial, supervisionand training issues, current empiricalresearch on FACT, and FACT’sapplicability and generalization.

The Functional Analytic Psychotherapy Rating Scale: a Replication and Extension

Few theories of psychotherapy give direction to the therapist on a moment-to-moment level or make predictions about how specific therapist techniques change client behavior in session. Functional analytic psychotherapy (FAP, Kohlenberg and Tsai in Functional analytic psychotherapy: a guide for creating intense and curative therapeutic relationships. Plenum, New York 1991) provides this direction and prediction. Specifically, FAP claims that client problem behaviors will be displayed in the therapeutic relationship and that the therapist can improve client in-session behavior through differential, contingent responding. Further, it is assumed that these improvements in session can be generalized to out of session relationships. The FAP rating scale (FAPRS) was developed for the purpose of coding in-session client and therapist behaviors in an effort to test FAP’s purported mechanism of change. The current study seeks to replicate and extend initial FAPRS findings (Callaghan et al. in J Contemp Psychother 33:321–339, 2003) regarding mechanism of change and to address transportability. FAPRS coding data from a single successful case of an individual diagnosed with Borderline Personality Disorder and treated with FAP is presented. Results indicate that the FAPRS system is transportable and are generally supportive of the claim that therapist contingent responding leads to client improvement.

Predicting consideration of cosmetic surgery in a college population: A continuum of body image disturbance and the importance of coping strategies

Elective cosmetic surgeries are increasing in the American population with reasons linked to body image disturbance and body dysmorphic disorder (BDD). Little research exists documenting the continuum of body image disturbance and its relationship to seeking surgery. The present research examined data from 544 participants, 55 of whom were diagnosable with BDD. Using assessments for body image disturbance, problematic coping strategies, and BDD symptomatology, results provided evidence for a continuum of body image distress. Logistic regression analysis supported the hypothesis that increased levels of body image disturbance and one type of problematic coping strategy (Appearance Fixing) predicted consideration of cosmetic surgery. Of participants diagnosable with BDD, those who considered cosmetic surgery showed more severe body image disturbance and problematic coping than those who did not consider surgery. These results have implications for pre-surgical assessment as well as psychological interventions rather than invasive medical interventions.

The Body Image Psychological Inflexibility Scale: development and psychometric properties.

Body image disturbance and body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) have been researched from a variety of psychological approaches. Psychological inflexibility, or avoidance of ones own cognitive and affective states at a cost to personal values, may be a useful construct to understand these problems. In an effort to clarify the role of psychological inflexibility in body image disturbance and BDD, a measure was created based on the principles of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT). The scale was developed by generating new items to represent the construct and revising items from an existing scale measuring aspects of body image psychological inflexibility. The study was conducted with an ethnically diverse undergraduate population using three samples during the validation process. Participants completed multiple assessments to determine the validity of the measure and were interviewed for BDD. The 16-item scale has internal consistency (α = 0.93), a single factor solution, convergent validity, and test re-test reliability (r = 0.90). Data demonstrate a relationship between psychological inflexibility and body image disturbance indicating empirical support for an ACT conceptualization of body image problems and the use of this measure for body image disturbance and BDD.

FAP and Acceptance Commitment Therapy (ACT ): Similarities, Divergence, and Integration

When our clients seek psychotherapy, it is usually because they are suffering and want to feel better. They often wish for more in life … more love or more satisfying love, better relationships, a sense of meaning and values, and deeper understandings and connections to what is held dear. In short, clients want a better connection with both their own intrapersonal experiences and their experiences with others. Therapists are in the privileged position of hearing the story of a client’s suffering and longings, and in so hearing, to offer help. We believe it is common across all therapists and psychotherapies to want our clients to feel at the end of therapy that it was important and meaningful, and as a measure of successful treatment, that their lives are better with respect to strategies for working toward their needs and values.