Gomesh Nair Shasidharan

Study of TiO2 Energy Gap Based Temperature Annealing for High Performance Solar Cells

This paper describes the TiO2 performance based energy gap related to its annealing process. TiO2 is one of the comprehensive band gap semiconductor materials which has been under extensive investigation in recently. This is due to its application in various fields such as photo electrolysis, photo catalysis, dye sensitized solar cells, gas sensor, optical fibers etc. Furthermore, advent of nanotechnology increases its applications many fold and different types of TiO2 have been used for different types of sensing applications. The TiO2 exists in different crystalline forms such as anatase, rutile and brookite. Solar cells consists of mono-crystalline, thin films, dye sensitized solar cells and multi-junction. TiO2 can be produced by using techniques like sputtering, vacuum evaporation, pulse laser deposition, molecular beam epitaxial, sol-gel and chemical bath deposition. Successful annealing process leads to a high performance solar cells. To fabricate the solar cells, there are four types of ways which are doctor blading, spin coat, sol-gel and screen printing. A comparison of annealing process, nanoscale structure and performance output powers been done successfully. The produced TiO2 also been tested with a high power performance.

Efficient Power Generation for Smart Homes Based Titanium Dioxide (TiO2)

Smart home uses a combination of the renewable energy power resources, the use of power generation from solar cells based on titanium dioxide (TiO2) which acts as the only type which produces an efficient solar cell power to obtain the electricity to recharge the standby storage device from the sunlight. The thin film of Titanium dioxide is synthesized by the sol-gel spin coating techniques at 2000 rpm on the glass. The films have a constant thickness of ~240nm. The annealing process consists of 150°C, 250°C and 350°C. The study of the absorbance and the wavelength values are important. At this condition, for the solar cell, the wavelength is around ~280nm to ~330nm. As the temperature of annealing increases the higher absorbance would be produced. The refractive index of TiO2 film is estimated at different annealing temperatures and it increases with the increasing of the annealing temperature. The application is suitable to smart home design. The dynamic output voltage obtained from the solar cells is interfaced with other circuitry such as inverters and interface charging circuit in order to inject the generated power into the standby storage device. The calculated result of this application is efficient to reduce the electrical bill by almost 30% of its original value.

Wind Turbine Farm as an Alternate Electric Power Generating System in Perlis - Malaysia

In many countries fossil fuels are used as the main source to generate electricity, but due to the increase in energy consumption and the rapid depletion of the fossil fuel resources, the demand of alternate energy sources such as solar, wind or hydro power becomes high [1]. In this paper wind energy as an alternate energy resource for electric power generation is proposed in the form of a small wind farm for grid-connected application in Perlis Malaysia. The monthly wind speed data of Perlis which is the smallest state of Malaysia were measured and the wind mill parameters such as Air Density, Blade Length, Power Coefficient and Blade Length were calculated. The mechanical output power of the proposed wind turbine form is calculated to check out its performance and reliability. The results showed that the proposed wind energy power generating system is a good choice and can be implemented in Malaysia to provide enough power for small towns and rural areas.

Enhancement of Intrinsic Carrier Concentration in the Active Layer of Solar Cell Using Indium Nitride Quantum Dot

This paper presents the improvement of intrinsic carrier concentrations in the active layer of solar cell structure using Indium Nitride quantum dot as the active layer material. We have analyzed effective density of states in conduction band and valance band of the solar cell numerically using Si, Ge and InN quantum dot in the active layer of the solar cell structure in order to improve the intrinsic carrier concentration within the active layer of the solar cell. Then obtained numerical results were compared. From the comparison results it has been revealed that the application of InN quantum dot in the active layer of the device structure improves the effective density of states both in conduction band and in the valance band. Consiquently the intrinsic carrier concentration has been improved significently by using InN quantum dot in the solart cell structure.

Design of Compact Composite Microstrip Low Pass Filter Using MEMS Technology

This paper presents the design technique of a compact composite microstrip filter operating at ultra high frequency (UHF) band and its fabrication using micro-electro mechanical system MEMS technology. The fringing compensation method is applied into the design of the microstrip line transformation from lumped element. The filter lumped circuits and microstrip line circuit were designed and simulated using Advanced Design Software (ADS) and fabricated on silicon substrates to obtain the best filter characteristic based on S-parameter. The measured and simulated results have achieved a good agreement within the frequency of interest. This shows that the fringing compensation method of transforming lumped element into microstrip line is able to solve the conventional design of complexity size of circuit of composite low pass filter (LPF) into microstrip line. The proposed filter design can replace the conventional filters in wireless communication as they offer better performance at lower cost in the RF microwave communication applications.

Study on Dielectric and Magnetic Properties of MWCNTs/Polyester Composites

This paper is to study the dielectric properties, magnetic properties, and dielectric conductivity of Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and polyester (PE) composites. The composites with different amount of MWCNTs (5-15%) have been studied in the Ku-Band range (12.4-18 GHz). The rectangular waveguide (WR-62) was used to measure the dielectric properties and magnetic properties of the samples. The results show the dielectric properties and conductivity of MWCNTs/PE composites is increasing with the MWCNTs filler increases. The real part of dielectric properties values increase from 5.5 to 26.6 with increasing the MWCNTs loading from 5 % to 15 %. The increasing of MWCNTs filler in the MWCNTs/PE composites does not effects on magnetic properties, the real part and imaginary part of magnetic properties are approximate to 1 and 0. The highest conductivity of 15 % MWCNTs loading is reach to 11.02 (S/m) at 18 GHz. Keywords: composites, dielectric properties, magnetic properties, conductivity

Operational Optimization of High Voltage Power Station Based Fuzzy Logic Intelligent Controller

This paper discusses the use of the intelligent microcontroller and also discusses the results from the simulation application of fuzzy logic theory to the control of the high voltage direct and alternation current (HVDC)& (HVAC) power station systems. The application considered their implementation in both low and high level control systems in HVDC& HVAC power station systems. The results for the fuzzy logic based controller shows many improvements compared to the conventional HVDC& HVAC control system. The fuzzy logic based controller concept was further successfully extended to high level control of optimization problems such as the power swings. Based on simulation results, HVDC and HVAC breaker design are online protection against unwanted incidents happening to the system.

Intelligent Controller of High Voltage Power Station Based Artificial Neural Network

In this papermulti-layer perceptron (MLP) artificial neural networks (ANN) theory is presented as an efficient controllerfor the high voltage direct current (HVDC) power station systems. The results demonstrated successful performance for single mode control using an MLP-ANN based on-line power controller. The main advantage by using ANN controllers such as optimal control system over a wide operating range, which is a capable of on-line adaptation makes the power systems no a prior knowledge and has a huge database with capacity to learn from previous experience.

Early Warning for DC Power Failure System

Electrical systems and devices suffer from unexpected failures due to various reasons such as input voltage fluctuation and low or high voltages. This paper discussedabout the development of a device for detecting imminent failure of electric products such as refrigerators, ovens, Air-conditions and etc. The main objective of this developed preventive device is todetect voltage drop or rise and produce an alarmsignal to enable and activates other protection circuitry.The mechanismof the detector/sensing circuit is based on differentiating the voltage level using dualcomparator; this makes the system more considerate. The method enables real-time monitoring of stability boundaries and the corresponding margin to the observed operating point, which is used to provide an early warning for emerging stability problems.

Power Plant Station Protection System against Voltage Fluctuation

Electrical Power System protection is required to protectboth the user and the system equipment itself fromany fault, hence electrical power system is not allowed to operate without any protection devices installed. Power System fault is defined as the undesirable condition that occurs in the power system. Some of these undesirable conditions are short circuit, current leakage, ground faultand over-under voltage. With the increasing loads, voltages and short-circuit duty in power plant, over voltage protection has become more important today. Here, the component that had been used is PIC 16F877a microcontroller to control the whole system and especially on the circuit breakers as well as the LCT display unit is used to display the voltage level and type of generator that used to serve the load. Sensors are used to measure both thevoltage and the load. The controlled digital signal from PIC microcontroller is converted by using the digital analog converter to control the whole circuit. Thus a device called protective relay is created to meet this requirement. The protective relay is mostlyoften coupled with circuit breaker in a way that it can isolate the abnormal condition in the system.