Graham M. Flower

Demonstration of a compact low-power 250-Gb/s parallel-WDM optical interconnect

In this letter, we demonstrate error-free operation of a 12-fiber /spl times/4-wavelength /spl times/5.21-Gb/s parallel-wavelength-division-multiplexed (PWDM) optical link. The 250-Gb/s transmitter and receiver assemblies each have a 5/spl times/8-mm footprint and consume a combined power of 1.5 W. To our knowledge, this is the first publication of a fully functional PWDM optical interconnect as well as the highest demonstrated bandwidth per unit area and bandwidth per unit power consumption for any multiple-channel fiber-optic interconnect. This technology is intended for short-distance high-bandwidth-density applications such as multiprocessor computer backplanes.

500-Gbps Parallel-WDM Optical Interconnect

This paper describes a 500-Gbps parallel wavelength-division multiplexed (PWDM) optical interconnect where 48 channels of 10.42-Gbps data are transmitted over a parallel 12-fiber ribbon with 4 wavelengths per fiber. The transmitter and receiver are each chip-scale packages with a footprint of 5 mm times 8 mm and a combined power consumption of 3 W. This work is motivated by the continually increasing bandwidth needs of short-distance computer processor interconnects, which are demanding optical solutions that maximize bandwidth per unit area, power consumption, and cost

Film-bulk acoustic wave resonator with motion plate and method

An apparatus and method for measuring a target environmental variable (TEV) that employs a film-bulk acoustic resonator with motion plate. The film-bulk acoustic resonator (FBAR) includes an acoustic reflector formed in an FBAR wafer and a surface. A first electrode is formed on the surface of the acoustic reflector and has a surface. A piezoelectric layer is formed on the surface of the first electrode and has a surface. A second electrode is formed on the surface of the piezoelectric layer. A motion plate is suspended in space at a predetermined distance relative to the surface of the second electrode and is capacitively coupled to the FBAR.

Next-generation parallel-optical data links

Parallel-optical data links are now available and designed into many next-generation telecom/datacom central-office switches and routers. A line of products from Agilent Technologies is based upon a new platform and components developed at Agilent Laboratories. These links cost less per channel than serial links and allow about six times higher I/O density. The current generation of twelve-channel modules operates at 2.5 GBd over distances up to 600 m on optimized multimode fiber. These improvements will enable the continued exponential growth rate of Internet capacity over the next couple of years. In order to progress further up this growth curve, next-generation parallel-optical data links are expected to operate at 10 GBd. A research and development project at Agilent Labs is focussing on next-generation parallel-optical data links. It is called Parallel Optics for SuperHighways or POSH. This name is intended to reflect the continuing role that parallel optics will play in the future network of data communications superhighways.

Parallel-WDM for multi-Tb/s optical interconnects

This article presents a promising approach for multi-Tb/s optical interconnects. This approach is contained in the MAUI project, which develops a parallel multiwavelength optical subassembly (PMOSA) that uses PWDM to gain the component-density advantages of two-dimensional parallel optics and the connector and cabling density advantages of CWDM. In the MAUI approach, a standard multimode 12-fiber ribbon is used with 4 wavelengths transmitted through each fiber, for a total of 48 optical channels.

Direct integration of dense parallel optical interconnects on a first level package for high-end servers

The direct integration of dense 48-channel parallel multiwavelength optical transmitter and receiver subassemblies directly onto a first level package using a flex lead attach has been demonstrated. Such an approach, at 10 Gb/s/channel would provide a linear edge bandwidth density of 300 Gb/s/cm. By attaching dense multichannel optical subassemblies directly onto an MCM, the performance limitations of the connectors and node card wiring can be avoided and the total bandwidth off the MCM can be increased while also enabling longer distance and higher speed signaling. This approach involves only a modest modification to the bent-flex approach commonly used for parallel optical modules intended for board mounting but enables a significant density and performance improvement for this application.

Demonstration of a high-density parallel-WDM optical interconnect

This work presents the first fully-functional 48-channel parallel-wavelength-division-multiplexed (PWDM) transmitter, receiver and link results at a per-channel data rate of 5.21-Gb/s. This high-density PWDM optical interconnect gives an aggregate link bandwidth of a quarter terabit per second.

Ultra-compact, 0.5-Tb/s parallel-WDM optical interconnect

We discuss a 12-fiber /spl times/ 4-wavelength /spl times/ 10.4-Gbit/s short-distance parallel-wavelength-division-multiplexed optical interconnect. The 0.5-Tbit/s transmitter and receiver assemblies each have a 5 /spl times/ 8-mm footprint and together consume 2.95 W.

Novel packaging of parallel-optical interconnects for high-end servers

A novel packaging concept is demonstrated where parallel-optical subassemblies are mounted on the same substrate as processor chips for processor-to-processor communication within a high-end server. A single-channel bit-error ratio <1.5/spl times/10/sup -15/ was measured at 8 Gbit/s.