Guoxia Li

Fuzzy cluster analysis of the provenance of ancient Yaozhou porcelain body

The technique of neutron activation analysis (NAA) has been employed to measure the content of 29 kinds of elements in the sample of Yaozhou porcelain bodies. Then a fuzzy cluster analysis has been conducted to the NAA data and a diagram of the dynamic fuzzy cluster analysis has been achieved. The results indicate that the batch of ancient Yaozhou porcelain bodies, which were of different overglaze color and were produced by different kilns during a period of over 800 years from the Tang Dynasty (618–907 A.D.) to the Yuan Dynasty (1271–1368 A.D.), has shared a stable and concentrated raw material source. Provenances of porcelain bodies from different times, though having their specific independence, enjoy a close relationship and are not far from one another. Provenances of porcelain bodies made during the Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties (907–960 A.D.) are found to be closer to one another, while those of the Song (960–1279 A.D.) and the Jin Dynasty (1115–1234 A.D.) are comparatively concentrated in certain areas and are different from those of the Tang Dynasty. Both the tri-colored glazed pottery made in Yaozhou kilns during the Tang Dynasty and the Yaozhou porcelain bodies of the Tang period are from the same provenance.

The provenance study of Chinese ancient architectonical colored glaze by INAA.

The colored glazes are very popular and famous in Chinese ancient architectures. In order to exactly locate the provenance of ancient architectonical colored glazes, 196 pieces of ancient colored glaze bodies and porcelain bodies fired in Xiyue Temple and Lidipo kiln are analyzed by INAA. The results of factor analysis and some archaeological questions are reported and discussed in this paper.

Analysis on the source of raw material of the celadon bodies from Zhanggongxiang kiln and Qingliangsi kiln by PIXE

The proton induced X-ray emission (PIXE) is used to measure the chemical ingredients of seven main elements of each sample of celadon body from Qingliangsi kiln in Baofeng County and Zhanggongxiang kiln in Ruzhou City. The PIXE data are then analyzed by fuzzy cluster method, and the trend cluster diagram is obtained to determine their relation of classification and provenance. The result shows that the producing area of raw material of Ru porcelain bodies is concentrated in Qingliangsi kiln, while that of celadon bodies is slightly scattered in Zhanggongxiang kiln. The raw material origin of Ru porcelain bodies from Qingliangsi kiln in Baofeng County is different from that of Zhanggongxiang kiln in Ruzhou City. The materials of Ru Guan porcelain bodies and Ru Civil porcelain bodies in Qingliangsi kiln are basically the same.

Provenance study of ancient Chinese Yaozhou porcelain by neutron activation analysis

This paper reports our study of the provenance of ancient Chinese Yaozhou porcelain. The content of 29 elements in the Yaozhou porcelain samples was measured by neutron activation analysis (NAA). The NAA data were further analysed using fuzzy cluster analysis to obtain the trend fuzzy cluster diagrams. These samples with different glaze colour, ranging over more than 700 years, were fired in different kilns. Our analysis indicates the relatively concentrated distribution of the sources of the raw material for the Yaozhou porcelain body samples. They can be classified into two independent periods, i.e. the Tang (AD 618–907) and the Five Dynasties (AD 907–960) period, and the Song (AD 960–1279) and Jin (AD 1115–1234) period. Our analysis also indicates that the sources of the raw material for the ancient Yaozhou porcelain glaze samples are quite scattered and those for the black glaze in the Tang Dynasty are very concentrated. The sources of the raw material for the celadon glaze and the white glaze in the Tang Dynasty are widely distributed and those for the celadon glaze in the Song Dynasty are close to those of the bluish white glaze in the Jin Dynasty, and they are very concentrated. The sources of the raw material for the porcelain glazes cover those of the porcelain bodies.

Neutron activation analysis and Mossbauer spectroscopy research on coloring mechanism of Chinese Ru porcelain

The characteristic spectrum and its main wavelength of Ru porcelain glaze are measured by color difference instrument to determine the relations between glaze color and its main wavelength. The content of the 30 coloring elements in Ru porcelain is determined by neutron activation analysis (NAA), which showed that iron is the major coloring element. Mössbauer spectroscopy analysis shows that the iron element in the glaze exists in the form of structural iron (Fe2+, Fe3+). The quantitative relationship between the main wavelength of glaze in various colors and the relative content of structural iron (Fe2+/Fe3+) is determined. Thus the coloring mechanism of Ru porcelain is investigated entirely.

Provenance study of the terracotta army of qin shihuang’s mausoleum by fuzzy cluster analysis

20 samples and 44 samples of terracotta warriors and horses from the 1st and 3rd pits of Qin Shihuangs Mausoleum, 20 samples of clay near Qins Mausoleum, and 2 samples of Yaozhou porcelain bodies are obtained to determine the contents of 32 elements in each of them by neutron activation analysis (NAA). The NAA data are further analyzed using fuzzy cluster analysis to obtain the fuzzy cluster trend diagram. The analysis shows that the origins of the raw material of the terracotta warriors and horses from 1st and 3rd pits are not exactly the same but are closely related to the loam soil layer near Qins Mausoleum while distant from the loess layers in the same area and remotely related to the Yaozhou porcelain bodies. It can be concluded that the raw material of the terracotta warriors and horses was taken from certain loam layer near Qins Mausoleum and the kiln sites might be located nearby.

The design and application of an ancient porcelain online identification analysis system

This paper puts forward an ancient porcelain system that can be identified and analyzed online. It can put discriminant analysis of ancient porcelain technology identification use to network platform. In addition, the system can provide efficient ancient porcelain identification service and collect more ancient porcelain samples data. The system exercises JSP, JavaBean and SQL Server 2000 technologies to establish an ancient porcelain database management system, and to achieve data exchange between JSP pages and database, and uses Java program to invoke Matlab program to achieve the identification analysis function. Test analysis results show that the system can be used to identify Liu Jiamen celadon porcelain, Ruguan porcelain and Zhang Gongxiang celadon porcelain.