H. Lüdke

Der Einfluß von Jod-, Kupfer- und Zinkzulagen zu Rationen mit hohem Rapsextraktionsschrotanteil auf Wachstum und Schilddrüsenfunktion des Mastschweines

In three experiments with fattening pigs the supplementation of a ration with 8% rapeseed oilmeal (RSO) with 1 mg J/kg resulted in an increased weight gain per day of 31, 94 and 87%. On the other hand, only 83, 76 and 84% of the weight gain of the soybean oilmeal control groups were achieved. The additional supply with 250 mg Cu (experiments II and III) increased the weight gain to 84 and 96% in comparison to the unsupplemented control groups. The combination of J + Cu + Zn lead to the same performance as that of J + Cu (experiment III). In the RSO groups without J-supplement changes in body proportions and parakeratosis could be observed after approximately equal to 7 weeks. After the sole supplementation of Cu these symptoms occurred approximately equal to 4 weeks later. In vitro, the supplementation of RSO with a CuSO4 solution resulted in a decrease of vinylthiooxazolidon and isothiocyanate in line with the CuSO4-concentration. 0.2 mg J/kg feed (experiment III) resulted in the same fattening performance as the supplementation of the ration with 1 mg J and outwardly visible deficiency symptoms. The results show that Cu, depending on its quota, results in a decrease of goitrogenics in the feed and that J and Cu supplementation to rations with rapeseed oilmeal have an additive effect and that parakeratosis can be prevented by J-supplementation.

Untersuchungen zur Phosphorversorgung von Schweinen im Lebendmasseabschnitt von 11–38 kg

The influence of phosphorus supply on performance and nutrient composition of the empty body was studied in two individual feeding experiments with two and three groups resp. (7 or 8 animals per group). The phosphorus content of the unsupplemented diet was in the experiments I and II 2.97 and 2.41 g/kg, the supplemented phosphorus (as monocalcium phosphate) amounted of 2.5 and 2.33 g/kg diet respectively. The phosphorus supplementation increased live weight gain in both experiments by 84 and 45% and improved feed conversion by 35 and 23% respectively. Phosphorus deficiency did not influence the digestibility of nutrients. The fat content of soft tissue and skeleton of the phosphorus deficient animals was increased. They deposited 0.7 kg more fat (in both experiments) and 1.5 or 0.7 kg less protein in experiment I and II respectively. The utilisation of energy for deposition was not influenced by the different phosphorus supply.

Untersuchungen zum einfluss der phosphor‐versorgung auf den energieumsatz wachsender schweine

Bei Borgen fuhrte im Lebendmasseabschnitt von 17–30 kg ein Phosphorgehalt im Futter von 3 g/kg TS im Vergleich zu einer Versorgung mit 6 g/kg TS im Futter zu Minderzunahmen von 8 %. Die Minderzunahme korrespondierte nicht mit Veranderungen im N‐ und Energieansatz. Die niedrigere P‐Versorgung hatte fast keine Auswirkungen auf die Energieausscheidung in Kot und Harn (1 % der Bruttoenergie). Eine submarginale P‐Versorgung beeintrachtigt den N‐ und Energieumsatz wachsender Schweine nicht.

Prüfung von Extraktionsschroten aus Winterrapssaat mit unterschiedlichem Glucosinolatanteil an Schweinen unter Berücksichtigung der Iodversorgung

In a feeding experiment with 48 growing pigs 16% high glucosinolate rapeseed meal (HGRSM) (136 mumol glucosinolates + aglucones/kg dry matter, DM) or low glucosinolate (LG) RSM (48 mumol glucosinolates + aglucones/kg DM) in the feed were compared with 14% soya-bean meal (SBM) in each case. It were established 24 pairs of animals, which received the same quantity of the isonitrogenous but not isocaloric diets with SBM and the both RSM (pair fed). Four of the 2.12 animal pairs were not given supplementary I, four received 0.25 mg supplementary I/kg feed. Further four animals which were fed on LGRSM or HGRSM were provided with 0.0625 or 1 mg supplementary I/kg feed. In case of high glucosinolate intake (HGRSM) the lacking I supplementation decreased feed intake and growth and led to remarkable I deficiency symptoms from the fifth week onwards. The 2/3 lower glucosinolate dosage of the LGRSM diet also decreased performance and provoked I deficiency, however significantly later. The investigated I dosages (greater than 0.0625 mg/kg feed) did not effect the performance. In the experiment the eight animals which received LGRSM with supplementary I consumed 13% more feed than animals fed on HGRSM (P less than 0.05). The additional weight gain was 20% (P less than 0.05). Comparing the live weight gain of the SBM and RSM fed animals (pair fed) there was a significant increase of 9% versus the HGRSM groups and 5% versus the LGRSM groups.

Untersuchungen zum Vitamin-A-Bedarf des wachsenden Schweines

Diseases and losses were registered in dependence on vitamin A supply with 2,035 pigs (6.5-114 kg live weight). The histologic examinations comprised various organs of 72 animals. The content of the main protein fractions as well as antibody titre after supplementing antigenes were determined in the serum of 104 animals. The feeding of a vitamin-A- and carotinefree casein-starch-respectively a Vitamin-A-free cereal-soybeanmeal-diet led to deficiency symptoms after 7-8 respectively 16-19 weeks of experiment particularly in the shape of nervous disturbances and voice affectations. Histologically a hyperplasia and a metaplasia of the epithelium of the big ducts in the salivory gland could be proved. The repletion of a part of the avitaminotic animals by means of oral (500 I.U./kg feed) and parenteral (500,000 to 1,000,000 I.U. i.m.) vitamin A administration is proof of a lack of vitamin A. Vitamin A and provitamin dosage did not influence diseases and losses with the exception of the occurrence of deficiency symptoms. The protein content of the serum as well as that of the globulin fractions alpha, beta, gamma did not change, the albumin content was lower in the groups without vitamin A (p greater than 0.05). Antibody titre against the lipopolysaccharide of salmonella dublin and human gamma globulin were diminished in piglets and fattening pigs fed vitamin A free (p less than 0.05). Taking the criterion of animal health, a vitamin A requirement higher than for growth (250 I.U./kg feed) cannot be derived.

Die Leistung nach fünf Wochen Säugezeit abgesetzter Ferkel in Abhängigkeit von der Absetzmasse, der Futter zusammensetzung und dem Einsatz eines wirksamen Ergotropikums

In a three-factorial experiment with 216 piglets of the same age (33 +/- 4 days) but a different weight (weaning weight from 5.5 to 9 kg) a conventional piglet rearing feed containing 20% crude protein (standard), a high-energy diet and a low-protein diet (16% crude protein) were tested. In three weaning weight classes the three diets were fed without or with Bisergon [2-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-carbamoyl-3-methylquinoxaline-1.4-dioxide] over a period of 21 days. From the 22nd to the 71st day after weaning all the piglets received the standard diet without ergotropic. Among the factors studied the Bisergon supplement had the biggest effect. The additional weight gain varied from 9% in case of heavy piglets fed the high energy diet to 150% in case of light piglets fed the low protein diet. The ergotropic improved feed conversion by 22% and lowered the frequency of gastrointestinal diseases requiring treatment by 28%. At the end of the rearing period the weight of the piglets initially fed with Bisergon (means = 34.6 kg) was significantly higher than that of the control animals (means = 31.6 kg). The weaning weight and the diets influenced the final weight especially in the groups without ergotropic. In this case the piglets fed with the high-energy diet gained 30% more and those fed with the low-protein diet 40% less compared with the standard group. The average live weight gain of the light piglets (weaning weight 6.1 kg) was 30% lower than that of the heavier piglets (weaning weight 8.5 kg). The frequency of treatment against diarrhoea of the heavy piglets was by one third lower than that of the light animals. The piglets fed with the low-protein diet appeared to show a limitation of gastrointestinal diseases, but these animals also had the lowest feed intake. Independent of the Bisergon supplementation the weaning weight clearly influenced the live weight after the 10-week experiment. The initially better development of the animals started with the high-energy diet was compensated. In contrast to this, the piglets weighing 6.1 and 7.2 kg fed with the low-protein diet could not compensate the retarded development in comparison with the piglets fed with the standard or the high-energy diet. This experiment confirms the enormous improvement of the performance and of the health status of weaned piglets caused by the ergotropic Bisergon.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Die Spurenelementversorgung der Wiederkäuer in der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik

The supply of zinc to ruminants as influenced by and depending upon the geological origin of soils was investigated using the hair test and the technique of indicator plants. A total of 1276 samples of red meadow clover and 3022 samples of red field clover and 4184 hair specimens from cows were analyzed. The following statistically well-established results were obtained which appear to be generalizable: Red meadow clover contained significantly more Zn than red field clover (48 ppm/38 ppm). Red meadow clover and field clover grown on loamy soils (59%), weathered soils of less (59%), red sandstone (57%) basalt (53%), shell limestone (47%) and Keuper (41%) contained only 59%-41% of the amount of Zn found in indicator plants that were grown in locations were the highest Zn level (weathered soils of porphyry). Zn concentrations in red meadow and field clover grown on soils of the same geological origin correlated with r = 0.87. A positive correlation (B = 0.53) was found to exit between the relative proportions of Zn contained in indicator plants grown on a particular soil and the proportions of Zn contained in hair specimens from Zn-deficient cows (less than 100 ppm of Zn). The largest number of hair specimens containing less than 100 ppm of Zn were found in cows from areas with soils of basalt (17%), and loess (18%), areas with loamy soils (24%), and sandy diluvial soils (25%), or with alluvial pastures (23%), or with soils of Keuper (27%), shell limestone (22%) or red sandstone (29%). Ruminants in these areas are liable to suffer from Zn deficiencies.