Hakan Ulukan

Determining relationships among yield and some yield components using path coefficient analysis in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

Abstract Chickpea is an important source of protein and has a major role at human nutrition and it is essential to know the relationships between yield and its components in chickpea breeding programs. In this study, five chickpea lines provided from the chickpea breeding program of Field Crops Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara University were used. In the examined characteristics, positive and significant relationships were found statistically between the number of seeds pod −1 and the number of pods plant −1 , between the number of seeds plant −1 and the number of pods plant −1 and the number of seeds pod −1 , between seed yield plant −1 and the number of pods plant −1 , the number of seeds pod −1 , the number of seeds plant −1 ; between the number of seeds pod −1 and seed yield unit −1 area; between the number of seeds plant −1 and seed yield unit −1 area. Negative and significant relationships were determined statistically between the number of pods plant −1 and 100 seed weight, between the number of seeds pod −1 and 100 seed weight, between the number of seeds plant −1 and 100 seed weight, between seed yield unit −1 area and 100 seed weight. The total determining coefficient linking seed yield plant −1 and seed yield unit −1 area are 0.773 (77.3%) and 0.488 (48.8%) respectively in the model which were used in our research. And also total determining coefficient related to 100 seed weight was 0.896 (89.6%) in the same model.

The evolution of cultivated plant species: classical plant breeding versus genetic engineering.

Agriculture is the most intensive form of environmental exploitation performed by mankind. It involves replacing the natural ecosystem with an artificial plant community comprising one or more crop species, and weeds can invade the cleared land. Initially, the adoption of agriculture did not necessarily imply an improvement in standard of living (there is, in fact, evidence to the contrary), but as agricultural efficiency improved, surpluses were generated on top of mere subsistence levels. It may take many years of labor in order to obtain a crop that has all of the desired traits. It is not possible to control which genes are transferred from the parents to the offspring, and the results are often uncertain. In comparison, the utilization of genetic engineering to improve crops can be a faster and more precise approach. Unlike traditional breeding, genetic engineering makes it possible to select the specific traits desired and insert the genes that code for them into the plant.

The use of plant genetic resources and biodiversity in classical plant breeding

Abstract Variation in plant populations is very important for plant breeders. The basic aims of plant breeding are ‘high yield, high quality and quantity, extension of adaptation ability to climate and soil conditions and tolerance or resistance to pests and diseases’. Plant breeders use the genetic variations between plants to attain these objectives. Successful adaptation to environmental conditions and success in plant breeding are bounded by the range of the genetic base, as measured by genetic diversity. Genetic variation is needed to address many problems in plant breeding and it obtained from the biodiversity within the plant genetic resources (such as Breeding lines, Landraces, Primitive Forms, Wilds and Wild relatives, Weed races, etc.).

Bitkisel Üretimde Allelopati

Bitkide uretilen ve ikincil metabolit olan allelokimyasallarin neden oldugu “allelopati”; direkt ya da dolayli olarak onemli bir yere sahiptir. Genel olarak, kendinden sonra gelen ayni (autotoxicity) ya da farkli turlere (heterotoxicity) ait bitki kokler tarafindan uretilen bu maddeler ya buyume ve gelismeyi azaltip, durdurabilmekte ya da tamamen onleyebilmektedir. Bu olayda bitkinin yasi, topragin yapisi, genotip, nem, isik, sicaklik, nem, ekoloji gibi faktorler cok onemlidir. Ozellikle surdurulebilirlik bakimindan ekim nobeti, anizli nadas, malcli nadas gibi cesitli yetistiricilik tekniklerini kullanmanin buyuk bir yeri vardir. Genotip, toprak, ekoloji ve yetistiricilik teknikleri dikkate alinmazsa, tarimsal uretimin duzeyi bitki besin maddeleri, nem, sicaklik, stres faktorleri ve kendinden sonra gelen bitkiye biraktigi tohum yatagi, ozellikle de bitki kok bolgesindeki allelopatik madde(lerin) konsantrasyonunca belirlenir. Nitekim ortam nem miktarindaki fazlalik ya da asiriliktan dolayi (ornek Karadeniz bolgesi); tarimi yapilan bitkinin uretiminde allelopatik etkilesim(ler)’den dolayi azalmalar ortaya cikmakta; ancak ozellikle nem oranindaki azalmalar allelopatik kaynakli olumsuzluklarin her zaman ayni siddette olusmasini onlemektedir