M. Sait Adak

Determining relationships among yield and some yield components using path coefficient analysis in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

Abstract Chickpea is an important source of protein and has a major role at human nutrition and it is essential to know the relationships between yield and its components in chickpea breeding programs. In this study, five chickpea lines provided from the chickpea breeding program of Field Crops Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara University were used. In the examined characteristics, positive and significant relationships were found statistically between the number of seeds pod −1 and the number of pods plant −1 , between the number of seeds plant −1 and the number of pods plant −1 and the number of seeds pod −1 , between seed yield plant −1 and the number of pods plant −1 , the number of seeds pod −1 , the number of seeds plant −1 ; between the number of seeds pod −1 and seed yield unit −1 area; between the number of seeds plant −1 and seed yield unit −1 area. Negative and significant relationships were determined statistically between the number of pods plant −1 and 100 seed weight, between the number of seeds pod −1 and 100 seed weight, between the number of seeds plant −1 and 100 seed weight, between seed yield unit −1 area and 100 seed weight. The total determining coefficient linking seed yield plant −1 and seed yield unit −1 area are 0.773 (77.3%) and 0.488 (48.8%) respectively in the model which were used in our research. And also total determining coefficient related to 100 seed weight was 0.896 (89.6%) in the same model.

Diagnosis of Sulfur Deficiency and Effects of Sulfur on Yield and Yield Components of Wheat Grown in Central Anatolia, Turkey

Abstract Deficiency of sulfur (S) has been recognized as a limiting factor for crop production in many regions of the world. A survey study was initiated to determine the current S nutritional status of wheat plants in Ankara, Turkey in the cropping season of 1999–2000. Owing to the results of the survey study signing soil and plant S deficiency, a greenhouse and field study were conducted during 2000–2001 on the effect of S on yield and yield components of bread (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Bezostaja) and durum (Triticum durum L. cv. Kiziltan) wheat cultivars. According to the survey study results, more than 50% of the soil, plant straw, and grain samples contained lower S than the critical limits. Significant positive correlations were observed between total and extractable soil‐S (r = 0.4799), and also between both the total and extractable soil‐S and grain‐S (r = 0.3097 and r = 0.4162). Additionally significant positive correlation was observed between straw and grain‐S (r = 0.4500). Yield and some of the yield components in both wheat cultivars were significantly responded to the application of S fertilizer in the greenhouse and field experiments, which conducted with a soil containing 12.78 mg extractable S kg−1 soil. Dry weights of Bezostaja and Kiziltan increased from 4.38 to 4.72 g pot−1 and 3.03 to 3.26 g pot−1 respectively, at the minimal dose of S (10 mg S kg−1) application in the greenhouse study. In the field study, grain yield increased from 3472 to 4869 kg ha−1 in Bezostaja and 4787 to 5804 kg ha−1 in Kiziltan at the minimal dose of applied S (20 kg S ha−1). After these levels of S application, the differences among the S levels with respect to yield were found not to be significant both in the greenhouse and field study. Concentration of S in plant, grain yield per spike and harvest index for both cultivars, and spike number m−2, spike length, fertile and sterile spikelet number per spike for Bezostaja, and thousand kernel weight for Kiziltan were responded positively to S fertilization in field conditions. On the other hand, the ratio of N/S in the grain and shoots of both cultivars decreased by S fertilization.

MINERAL ELEMENT DISTRIBUTION AND ACCUMULATION PATTERNS WITHIN TWO BARLEY CULTIVARS

Growth stage effects on distribution of mineral nutrients or beneficial elements phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sulfur (S), chloride (Cl), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), molybdenum (Mo), sodium (Na), silicon (Si) and nickel (Ni), and the elements bromine (Br), rubidium (Rb), strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), lanthanum (La), cerium (Ce), and uranium (U) in two barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars and how the distribution of these elements changed were determined during the 2006–2007 growing season in a field experiment. Barley plants were sampled from the field at shooting, heading, soft dough, hard dough and harvest stages, and mineral nutrients and other elements concentrations of spike, flag leaf, old leaf, and stem samples were determined by polarized energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (PEDXRF). Distribution patterns varied considerably from element to element. At the end of the season much of the Ca, Mg, S, Si, Fe, Mn, Cu, Ni, Sr, Ba, La, Ce, and U were located in the spikes. However, much of the P, K, Zn, Cl, Na, Br, and Rb remained in the old leaves or stem.

EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT HARVEST TIME AND SULFUR FERTILIZATION ON AMINO ACID COMPOSITION OF LENTIL

The effects of sulfur (S) fertilization and harvest time on amino acid composition of seeds of field-grown lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) at two different sites were studied. The aim of this study was to determine amino acid content of seed protein and to increase low levels of sulfur amino acids and trytophan in lentil seeds, which are major components for grain quality, with sulfur fertilization and farming practices in lentil. For this purpose, lentil was sown at two locations on 18 and 19 October 2007, 0 kg S ha−1, 25 kg S ha−1, and 50 kg S ha−1 rates were used in the study. The plants were harvested at three different periods: early, optimal, and late period. According to the results, amino acid contents of protein were increased by sulfur fertilization and by the late harvest period.

MERCİMEK VE NOHUT BİTKİLERİNDE KURAKLIĞA BAĞLI OKSİDATİF STRES VE FİZYOLOJİK TOLERANS MEKANİZMALARININ BELİRLENMESİ

Kurak ve yari kurak kosullarda yetistirilen nohut ve mercimek bitkisinde kuraklik verimliligi kisitlayan en onemli etkendir. Nohut ve mercimek cesitlerinin kuraga toleranslari ile ilgili bilinenler cok azdir. Bu calismada Turkiyede yaygin olarak yetistirilen 11 nohut (Cicer arietinum L.) (Menemen-92, Akcin, Aydin-92, Izmir-92, Kusmen, Canitez-87, Gokce, Sari, Uzunlu-99, Er-99 ve ILC-195) ve 6 mercimek (Malazgirt 89, Ozbek, Firat 87, Sazak 91, Emre 20 ve Kayi 91) cesitinin kurakliga tolerans mekanizmalari arastirilmistir. Bu amacla sulu ve kuru kosullarda yetistirilen cesitlerinin kuraklik stabilite indeksleri (KHI) belirlenmistir. Bitkilerin KHI ile kurakliga (oksidadif strese) gostermis olduklari tepkiler veya tolerans mekanizmalari, H2O2 olusumu, lipid peroksidasyonu ve buna bagli olarak membranlarinda olusan zararlanmalar ve prolin ve askorbik asit akumulasyonu ile aciklanmistir. Ayrica kurakliga toleransli cesitlerin seciminde kullanilan veya kullanilma potansiyeli olan stoma direnci, bitki sicakligi, nisbi klorofil, nisbi nem icerigi, yaprak su tutma kapasitesi gibi fizyolojik parametreler belirlenmistir. Ayrica bu fizyolojik parametreler ile bitkide olusan biyokimyasal degisimler arasindaki iliskiler ve kurakligin nohut cesitler uzerinde mineral beslenme performanslarinda meydana getirdigi degisimler de ortaya konulmustur. Bu calismada ayrica kuraga dayanikli cesitlerin beslenme (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn and B) performanslari da belirlenmis ve besin maddesi kullanim etkinligi ile kurakliga tolerans arasinda onemli iliskiler belirlenmistir.