Hakkı Akdeniz

Possibilities of using sewage sludge as nitrogen fertilizer for maize

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the effects of nitrogen fertilizer sources of ammonium sulphate and municipal sewage sludge on yield, N content and uptake of the maize (Zea mays L.). Nutrient and heavy metals were determined in soil and plant. The experiment with three sludge rates (256, 513 and 1026 kg total N ha−1 or 9.5, 18.0 and 38.1 t ha−1 sludge), two nitrogen rates (80 and 160 kg N ha−1) and zero-N control were conducted on a clay loam soils under irrigated conditions in Eastern Anatolia region in Turkey. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Yield, N content and total N uptake of maize increased significantly with sludge application. 9.5 t and 19.0 t ha−1 sewage sludge applications did not significantly affect heavy metal content of leaf and grain. However, 38.1 t ha−1 sludge applications increased leaf Pb and Zn. DTPA-extractable Cd, Cu, Fe, Pb and Zn concentrations of the soil increased at applications of 38.1 t ha−1 sewage sludge, whereas applications of 9.5 t and 19.0 t ha−1 sludge only resulted in elevated levels of Cu and Zn, We conclude that if sewage sludge is to be used in production of maize, applications rate up to 19 t ha−1 could be accepted. However, this means also that the N requirement of maize crop is not covered by the sludge; therefore, the rest of nitrogen could be supplied as inorganic N.

Effect of Addition of Urea or Urea Plus Molasses to Different Corn Silages Harvested at Dough Stage on Silage Quality and Digestible Dry Matter Yield

Abstract Demirel, M., Yilmaz, İ., Deniz, S., Kaplan, O. and Akdeniz, H. 2003. Effect of addition of urea or urea plus molasses to different corn silages harvested at dough stage on silage quality and digestible dry matter yield. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 24: 7–16. To study the effects of 0.5% urea, and 0.5% urea plus 4% molasses addition to different corn silages on its quality, in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) and digestible dry matter (DDM) yields, four corn cultivars, Arifiye, Frassino, Rx-947 and 3394 harvested at dough stage, were ensiled in cue litre silos for 90 days. Supplement, cultivars interactions were significant for most of the parameters studied, pH of all the silages was within desirable range. Among organic acids, lactic acid was highest in Rx-947, supplementation making no difference. IVDMD was highest in silages Rx-947 and. 3394 supplemented either with urea or urea plus molasses. The highest DDM yields were in silages of supplemented or unsupplemented Arifiye and 3394 cultivars followed by Frassino. Thus these three cultivars with or without supplementation are recommended for silage making.

Farklı Tohum Oranları ve Biçim Zamanlarının Çayır salkım otunun (Poa pratensis L. Geronimo) Kalite Özellikleri Üzerine Etkileri

Bu calisma, farkli tohum orani (5, 10, 15, 20 ve 25 g m-2) ve yil icerisinde bes ayri bicim zamaninda (T1:15 Haziran, T2:15 Temmuz, T3:15 Agustos, T4:15 Eylul ve T5:15 Ekim 2013) bicilen cayir salkim otu (Poa pratensis L. Cv. Geronimo)’nun verim ve kalite ozelliklerini incelemek amaciyla yapilmistir. Deneme, 2013 yilinda, Igdir Universitesi’nin Tasimsal Uygulama ve Arastirma Merkezinde, Şansa Bagli Bloklar Deneme desenine gore uc tekrarlamali olarak yurutulmustur. Calismada, bitki boyu, yas ot verimi, yaprak eni, kaplama orani, renk ve kalite ozellikleri incelenmistir. Cayir salkim otu (Poa pratensis L. cv. Geronimo) cesidinden m-2’ye 5, 10, 15, 20 ve 25 g tohum siralamasina gore, bitki boyu 7.9, 7.9, 8.4, 8.6 ve 8.3 cm, yas ot verimi 83.3, 218.7, 415.3, 457.3 ve 514.0 g m-2, yaprak eni (doku) 1.13, 1.19, 1.12, 1.14 ve 1.14 mm, kaplama orani % 8.7, 22.7, 49.6, 51.8 ve 57.0, renk 5.6, 5.6, 5.9, 5.9 ve 6.0 (1-9 skala), cim kalitesi 1.19, 3.07, 4.93, 5.42 ve 5.50 (1-9 skala), arasinda degismistir. Igdir ekolojik kosullarinda, m-2’ye 25 g tohum ekilen uygulamalarda cayir salkim otundan en yuksek yas ot verimi, kaplama orani, cim rengi ve cim kalitesi elde edilmistir. En yuksek yas ot verimi ve kaplama orani T5 zamaninda bicilen cayir salkim otunda elde edilirken, en yuksek cim rengi sirasiyla T5, T1 ve T2 zamanlarinda, cim kalitesi ise T5 ve T4 zamanlarinda elde edilmistir. Igdir ekolojik kosullarinda peyzaj alan tesisinde, cayir salkimotu Geronimo varyetesinin butun ozellikleri dikkate alindiginda m-2 ’ye 25 g tohum kullanilmasinin daha iyi oldugu sonucuna varilmistir.

Farklı Tane Mısır (Zea mays L.) Çeşitlerinin Besleme Değerlerinin Belirlenmesi

Bu arastirma Igdir Universitesi Ziraat Fakultesi deneme alanlarinda 10 adet RX-9292, SHEMALL, OSSK-602, 71 MAY 69, OSSK-596, OSSK-644, TK-6063, 72-MAY-80, HIDO ve TK-6060 misir cesidi kullanilarak tesaduf bloklari deneme desenine gore uc tekrarlamali olarak kurulmustur. Arastirmada kullanilan misir cesitlerinin tanelerinde ham protein (HP), notr deterjan lif (NDF), asit deterjan lif (ADF), asit deterjan lignin (ADL), kuru madde sindirilebilirligi (KMS), sindirilebilir enerji (SE), metabolik enerji (ME), kuru madde tuketimi (KMT), nispi yem degeri (NYD) belirlenmistir. Arastirma sonuclara gore en yuksek ham protein oranlari RX-9292, SHEMALL, OSSK-602 ve 71 MAY 69 cesitlerinden elde edilmistir. En dusuk NDF ve ADF oranlari sirasiyla %26.8 ve %2.72 olarak 71 MAY 69 cesidinden elde edilmistir. Bunun birlikte en yuksek kuru madde sindirilebilirligi % 86.8, sindirilebilir enerji degeri 3.98 Mcal kg-1 , metabolik enerji degeri 3.27 Mcal kg-1 ve en yuksek KMT (Kuru madde tuketim orani), %4.54 ve nispi yem degeri en yuksek 305.5 olan 71 MAY 69 cesidi hayvan besleme icin onerilebilir.