Hartmut Günther

Brasílias pobres, Brasílias ricas: perspectivas de futuro entre adolescentes

Investigou-se como adolescentes percebem seu futuro a partir da estrutura de oportunidade que lhes e disponivel. Variaveis socio-pessoais, idade, genero, serie, trabalho, escola que frequentam, foram relacionadas com perspectivas de futuro. Participaram 335 jovens (185 M, 150 F) com idade media de 16 anos e 2 meses. Os dados foram coletados em cinco escolas: uma particular, uma publica e tres destinadas a jovens carentes e/ou em situacao de rua. Os respondentes assinalaram, numa escala de onze itens com cinco niveis, expectativas quanto a escolaridade, trabalho, casa propria, saude, amigos, seu pais, politicos. A analise canonica resultou em duas correlacoes (rc = .68 e .34), apontando duas relacoes significativas: (a) adolescentes, frequentando uma escola privada e cursando uma serie mais avancada, revelaram maiores expectativas de concluir o segundo grau e entrar para a universidade; (b) nao frequentar uma escola privada associou-se a nao esperar um emprego que garanta boa qualidade de vida, nem esperar possuir casa propria.

Lugares favoritos de adolescentes no Distrito Federal

Favorite places of adolescents in the Federal District. This study explored which are the most and least favorite places among 562 adolescents (292 F e 270 M), with ages between 13 and 19 (mean age 15 yr 7 mo, s.d. 1 yr 1 mo), attending 9 th grade, with 274 respondents in public and 288 in private schools. Some 39.5% live in the central area of Brasilia, 60.5% in the surrounding cities. Some 215 live in apartments, 314 in single occupancy houses. Results indicate that the most frequently mentioned favorite place was the home (n = 195, 35.3%), followed by Shopping Malls (n = 108, 19.6%) and bar/disco/parties (n = 103, 18.7%). The least favorite places were bar/disco/parties (n = 108, 21.3%), school (n = 90, 17.7%) and places that provoke negative feelings (n = 32, 6.3%). Differences are discussed in terms of gender, type of school and type of

Mobilidade e affordance como cerne dos Estudos Pessoa-Ambiente

Mobility and affordance as the core of Person-Environment Studies. Starting with a reflection on the disciplinary, theoretical, methodological and terminological multiplicity, and using the analogy of the multivariate model of the canonical correlation, the use of the label Person-Environment Studies is justified. This is followed by a discussion of four spatial concepts (personal space, territoriality, crowding and privacy) and their relationship to mobility. After some comments about affordance, it is suggested that the mobility—affordance link constitutes the molecular element of the reciprocal person—physical space relationship at the core of the Person-Environment Studies.

Normas, justiça, atribuição e poder: uma revisão e agenda de pesquisa sobre filas de espera

Norms, justice, attribution and power: a revision and research agenda about waiting lines. Considering waiting lines as social systems, a short analysis of the nature and types of queues is presented. Four themes of social psychology are used to analyze behavior in waiting lines: (a) social norms and social influence, (b) distributive, procedural and interactional justice, (c) causal attribution, and (d) relations of power and status. Possible topics of research are pointed out in each of these themes, considering the theoretical and applied relevance of problems involving real waiting line situations.

Hábito: Por que Devemos Estudá-lo e o que Podemos Fazer?

In this article, the habit is introduced as a useful concept to make lasting pro-environmental behaviors (e.g., performing selective garbage collection, saving water and using public transportation). Habit is a learned behavior which, after being repeated several times, has become automatic, i.e., with little or no deliberation by an individual. It relieves the cognitive effort of an individual to always weigh the pros and cons of different situations. They are stable and hard-to-break behaviors. This review addresses the formation and maintenance of the habit, as well as presents four existing psychological measures. Finally, possible interventions are discussed, using transportation as an example. Interventions aim to encourage the formation of new habits that protect the environment and minimize the force of old unwanted habits. In this scenario, the habit gains relevance and can be one more tool to address the challenges related to the promotion of relevant environmentally-friendly behaviors.

La espera en la vida urbana: un análisis psicosocial de las colas

Waiting lines (queues) assume various functions in the allocation of urban resources, such as access to space, time, services or products. They vary from the typical line where people are standing one behind the other to such virtual ones as in telecommunication or the Internet. The paper looks at queues as social systems, and focuses on the presential configuration, paying special attention to the fact that, while ubiquitous, queues are not receiving much attention in the social psychological literature. Thus this article (a) analyzes the general features of queues, (b) offers a short review of the concept of queues in the formal, biomedical and applied social sciences, (c) reviews the social psychological literature about queues, (d) indicates how queues may serve both as a topic of research, as well as an environmental scenario for research in psychology.Waiting lines (queues) assume various functions in the allocation of urban resources, such as access to space, time, services or products. They vary from the typical line where people are standing one behind the other to such virtual ones as in telecommunication or the Internet. The paper looks at queues as social systems, and focuses on the presential configuration, paying special attention to the fact that, while ubiquitous, queues are not receiving much attention in the social psychological literature. Thus this article (a) analyzes the general features of queues, (b) offers a short review of the concept of queues in the formal, biomedical and applied social sciences, (c) reviews the social psychological literature about queues, (d) indicates how queues may serve both as a topic of research, as well as an environmental scenario for research in psychology.

A espera na vida urbana: uma análise psicossocial das filas

Waiting lines (queues) assume various functions in the allocation of urban resources, such as access to space, time, services or products. They vary from the typical line where people are standing one behind the other to such virtual ones as in telecommunication or the Internet. The paper looks at queues as social systems, and focuses on the presential configuration, paying special attention to the fact that, while ubiquitous, queues are not receiving much attention in the social psychological literature. Thus this article (a) analyzes the general features of queues, (b) offers a short review of the concept of queues in the formal, biomedical and applied social sciences, (c) reviews the social psychological literature about queues, (d) indicates how queues may serve both as a topic of research, as well as an environmental scenario for research in psychology.Waiting lines (queues) assume various functions in the allocation of urban resources, such as access to space, time, services or products. They vary from the typical line where people are standing one behind the other to such virtual ones as in telecommunication or the Internet. The paper looks at queues as social systems, and focuses on the presential configuration, paying special attention to the fact that, while ubiquitous, queues are not receiving much attention in the social psychological literature. Thus this article (a) analyzes the general features of queues, (b) offers a short review of the concept of queues in the formal, biomedical and applied social sciences, (c) reviews the social psychological literature about queues, (d) indicates how queues may serve both as a topic of research, as well as an environmental scenario for research in psychology.

Waiting and urban life: a social psychological analysis of lines

Waiting lines (queues) assume various functions in the allocation of urban resources, such as access to space, time, services or products. They vary from the typical line where people are standing one behind the other to such virtual ones as in telecommunication or the Internet. The paper looks at queues as social systems, and focuses on the presential configuration, paying special attention to the fact that, while ubiquitous, queues are not receiving much attention in the social psychological literature. Thus this article (a) analyzes the general features of queues, (b) offers a short review of the concept of queues in the formal, biomedical and applied social sciences, (c) reviews the social psychological literature about queues, (d) indicates how queues may serve both as a topic of research, as well as an environmental scenario for research in psychology.Waiting lines (queues) assume various functions in the allocation of urban resources, such as access to space, time, services or products. They vary from the typical line where people are standing one behind the other to such virtual ones as in telecommunication or the Internet. The paper looks at queues as social systems, and focuses on the presential configuration, paying special attention to the fact that, while ubiquitous, queues are not receiving much attention in the social psychological literature. Thus this article (a) analyzes the general features of queues, (b) offers a short review of the concept of queues in the formal, biomedical and applied social sciences, (c) reviews the social psychological literature about queues, (d) indicates how queues may serve both as a topic of research, as well as an environmental scenario for research in psychology.