Carlos Eduardo Pimentel

Preferência musical, atitudes e comportamentos anti-sociais entre estudantes adolescentes: um estudo correlacional

As there are not many studies about musical preferences as an antisocial behavior understanding method , this study aimed to raise possible relation among this construct and deviant behaviors, considering also the attitudes toward marijuana use. This sample was composed by 548 high school students from public (46.4%) and private (53.6%) schools, most of them female (54.9%). They had answered the Musical Preference Scale, Attitudes toward Marijuana Use Scale and Antisocial and Deviant Behaviors Scale, besides demographic questions Results have indicated that the preference for unconventional musical styles (heavy metal, rap) was directly correlated to attitudes favorable toward marijuana use and antisocial and deviant behaviors. On the other hand, the conventional styles preference (pop music, gospel music) showed an inverse correlation pattern with these variables. Differences were observed in the musical preference, attitudes toward marijuana use, and antisocial and deviant behaviors according to sex, in which women are more adjusted to the conventional patterns. These findings are consistent, compared to the previous published ones. Nevertheless, there is a long path to follow for a definitive explanation about musical preference influence.

Escala de racismo moderno: adaptação ao contexto brasileiro

The purpose of this study is to undertake a non-systematic revision of the bibliography dedicated to the perception The objective of the present study was to adapt the Scale of Modern Racism to the Brazilian context. Specifically, it was intended to know its construct validity (factorial structure) and reliability (Cronbachs Alpha, α). It consisted of 269 subjects, average 21 years of age (SD = 4.76; ranging from 15 to 38). Most of them were female (73.6%), single (81.8%), and undergraduate students (74%). They answered demographic questions and a set of six measures. Among them was the Modern Racism Scale, which presents two theoretical factors: negation of prejudice and threat for equality principles. The factor analysis performed suggested two factors that together account for 32.4% of the total variance. Coherently, these factors were named as negation of prejudice (α = .71), and affirmation of differences (α = .74). These findings are discussed based on previous studies. it is suggested the possibility of consider a two-factors structure for measuring the modern prejudice on the studied population.

Condutas desviantes e traços de personalidade: testagem de um modelo causal

The main purpose of this study was to test the adequacy of a causal model to explain socially deviant behavior (i.e. antisocial and criminal behavior), taking into account the contribution of personality traits (neuroticism, extraversion, and sensation seeking). To this end, 755 high school and undergraduate students participated, most of them female (50.3%) and from private schools/universities (53%), with ages ranging from 16 to 26 (average=20.1; standard deviation=3.12). They answered a questionnaire in which three different measures were incorporated: Big Five Inventory, Sensation Seeking Scale, and Antisocial and Criminal Behavior Questionnaire. The main results demonstrated that the traits of neuroticism and sensation-seeking satisfactorily explained the antisocial behavior, and these directly predicated criminal behavior. It was confirmed that the personality traits, especially sensation seeking, are helpful in the understanding of socially deviant behavior. However, the need for further studies incorporating other variables and contexts should be emphasized.

Escala de Preferência Musical: construção e comprovação da sua estrutura fatorial

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi construir e conhecer os parâmetros psicometricos de uma escala para medir a preferencia musical de jovens. Participaram da pesquisa 480 estudantes do ensino medio, majoritariamente do sexo feminino (55,1%) e solteiros (95,8%), com idades variando de 13 a 28 anos (M=16,2; DP=1,60). Estes responderam a Escala de Preferencia Musical, alem de perguntas demograficas. A amostra foi dividida aleatoriamente em duas de igual tamanho, procurando conhecer a estrutura fatorial da escala (n1) e logo testa-la (n2). Os resultados de uma analise de componentes principais com a primeira amostra revelaram uma estrutura multifatorial, composta por quatro componentes de estilos musicais: musica de massa, musica alternativa, musica refinada e musica convencional, com indices de precisao satisfatorios e explicando mais da metade da variância total. Uma analise fatorial confirmatoria (ML) foi realizada com a segunda amostra, testando a estrutura previamente observada. Os resultados razoavelmente apoiam tal estrutura. Conclui-se que esta e uma medida adequada para fins de pesquisa, sendo util quando o proposito for conhecer a preferencia musical dos adolescentes. Por outro lado, apontam-se limitacoes e sugestoes para melhorar os parâmetros dessa medida. Palavras-chave: Musica; Preferencia; Adolescente; Escala. Music Preference Scale: development and psychometric parameters

Questionário de comportamentos anti-sociais e delitivos: evidências psicométricas de uma versão reduzida

This study aimed at knowing the psychometric parameters of the Antisocial and Delictive Behaviors Questionnaire (ADQ). Specifically, it tried to join evidences of its factor validity and reliability in the milieu of Paraiba-Brazil, as well as to know the adequacy of a briefed version of this measure. Two studies were accomplished. In Study 1, the participants were 480 students from high school, with a mean age of 16.2 years old (SD = 1.60), most of them were women (55.1%). In Study 2, 1,463 students of elementary school, high school, and university; with ages ranging from 10 to 36 years old (m = 16; SD = 4.41) participated in research, 59.9% were female. They answered the Antisocial and Delictive Behaviors Questionnaire and to demographic questions. Results supported the psychometric adequacy of this measure, which showed the theorized bi-factor structure. Moreover, the purpose of the ADQ briefed version revealed itself adequate, jointing evidences of factor validity and reliability similar to those of the original version. These findings were discussed based on literature and future researches are suggested as well.

Preferência musical e risco de suicídio entre jovens

OBJECTIVE: Taking into account that several international studies suggest a correlation between music preference, especially for heavy metal, and suicide, this study aimed at to know the association of music preference with potential indicators of suicide risk. METHODS: Participants were two hundred undergraduate students from a public University in Joao Pessoa city (Brazil). They were 22 years old (SD = 4.77). They answered the Shorted Test of Music Preference, which measures the music preference with respect to fourteen music genres, and the Reasons for Living Inventory (RFL), which intents to know the reasons for living reported by people. RESULTS: Results indicated the total score of the RFL correlated itself with the preference for the music genres named as conventional (positive) and alternative (negative). Moreover, the preference for conventional genre was a predictor of lower suicide risk among youths. CONCLUSIONS: This research demonstrates the importance of one more variable, in the present work the music preference, to understand the suicidal risk between young persons. However, other studies must be carried out in the Brazilian context so that it is possible to understand better this relation.

Escala de atitudes frente ao uso de drogas: evidências de validade fatorial e preditiva

OBJETIVO: O presente estudo teve como objetivo conhecer evidencias de validade fatorial e preditiva de uma medida de atitudes ante o uso de drogas em geral (EAAUD). METODO: Participaram voluntariamente 276 estudantes universitarios de varios cursos, provenientes de uma universidade publica (94,2%) e outra particular (5,8%) da cidade de Joao Pessoa (PB). Estes tinham idade media de 21 anos (DP = 3,40; 93,5% eram de jovens de 17 a 25 anos), a maioria solteira (91%) e do sexo feminino (65,6%). Alem de um conjunto de perguntas demograficas, os participantes preencheram a EAAUD. Esta compreende uma medida formada por quatro itens/adjetivos bipolares (positivo/negativo, gosto/desgosto, bom/ruim e desejavel/indesejavel) respondidos em escala do tipo diferencial semântico, de 9 pontos, variando de - 4 a + 4. RESULTADOS: De acordo com a analise de componentes principais, um unico componente emergiu, com todos os itens apresentando saturacao acima de |0,40|; este teve valor proprio de 3,17, explicando 79,3% da variância total. Sua consistencia interna (alfa de Cronbach) foi de 0,91. Por meio de regressao logistica, comprovou-se que as pontuacoes na EAAUD predisseram significativamente a condicao de ser um usuario de drogas, B = 0,17, Wald (1) = 8,45, p = 0,004. CONCLUSAO: Tais resultados indicam que esta medida reune evidencias de validade fatorial e preditiva, podendo ser empregada para conhecer o potencial envolvimento dos jovens com drogas. Nao obstante, sugerem-se novas pesquisas com amostras maiores e mais diversificadas.

Escala de Identificação com Grupos Alternativos: construção e comprovação da estrutura fatorial

Abstract This study aimed at building and validating a scale for measure the youngsters’ identification with alternativegroups. Participated 548 high-school students, most of them with a mean age of 16 years old (97.6%; M =16.2, SD =1.74). They answered a set of questionnaires, among they the Identification with Alternative Groups Scale , composedby seven alternative groups (hippies, punks, skinheads, headbangers, skaters, surfers, and funkeiros), rating in a 5-points scale. Result indicates a one-factor structure, with all items showing factor loadings above of .65. Thisgeneral factor showed an eigenvalue of 4.02, accounting to 56% to the total variance, and obtaining a reliability(Cronbach’s α) of .87. It was concluded that this an appropriateness measure to research purpose, being useful toknowing the youngsters’ identification with alternative groups (e.g., surfers, punks). Keywords: Alternative groups; Group identification; Youngters. Introducao A Identificacao Grupal pode ser entendida sinteti-camente como “a importância subjetiva do grupo parao individuo” (Kiesner, Cadinu, Poulin & Bucci, 2002,p. 197). Krech, Crutchfield e Ballachey (1975) definem aidentificacao como “o processo de procurar ser comooutro individuo ou grupo”, indicando que, pela identificacao,o individuo passa a incorporar as caracteristicas de outroindividuo ou grupo e a manifestar um comportamentosemelhante. Estes grupos sao chamados de grupos dereferencia, pois servem de modelo, sendo significativospara o individuo; ao nao fazer parte deles, o individuoque os considera como referencia expressa o desejo dese integrar, mostrando atitudes na mesma direcao dosgrupos (Kiesler & Kiesler, 1973).A identificacao grupal esta na base de variosprocessos e variaveis psicossociais. Por exemplo, epreponderante no processo de formacao, mudanca emanutencao das atitudes (Asch, 1977; Freedman,Carlsmith & Sears, 1970; Lambert & Lambert, 1972;Siegel & Siegel, 1957), na auto-estima (Bat-Chava, 1994),nos valores sociais (Gouveia, Albuquerque, Clemente E Hawkins, Catalano & Miller, 1992; Petraitis, Flay& Miller, 1995).Embora muito se saiba sobre a identificacaogrupal em geral, poucos estudos tem sido realmente

Atitudes frente ao uso de álcool, maconha e outras drogas: verificando relações de predição e mediação

The goal of this research consisted in verifying the relations between attitudes towards the use of alcohol, marijuana and other drugs. The study counted with a non-probabilistic sample of 276 academic students, with average age of 21 years old (SD = 3.40), from different courses from public (94.2%) and private (5.8%) universities in the city of Joao Pessoa - PB. Those students answered attitude scales toward the use of alcohol, marijuana and drugs. According to the main analysis, it was verified that the attitudes toward drug use predict the attitudes related to marijuana and drug use, and that the attitudes toward marijuana use mediate and moderate the relations between the attitudes related to the use of alcohol and drugs, apart from gender and age.

Escala de atitudes frente ao uso de álcool: descrevendo seus parâmetros psicométricos

Este estudo objetivou conhecer evidencias de validade e consistencia interna da Escala de Atitudes frente ao Uso de Alcool (EAFUA). Participaram 259 estudantes universitarios de Joao Pessoa, com idade media de 21 anos, a maioria mulheres (65,6%), que responderam perguntas demograficas e preencheram a EAFUA. Esta e composta por quatro adjetivos bipolares (positivo/negativo; gosto/desgosto; bom/ruim e desejavel/indesejavel), respondidos em escala de 9 pontos (-4 a +4). Uma analise de componentes principais indicou um componente geral que explicou 82,3% da variância total; seu alfa de Cronbach foi 0,93. A analise fatorial confirmatoria reuniu indices de ajuste adequados para essa medida, corroborando sua estrutura unidimensional. Observaram-se diferencas de genero nessa medida, que foi mais fortemente correlacionada com o uso de alcool (validade convergente) do que com o uso de maconha (validade discriminante). Esses resultados apoiam a adequacao da EAFUA, portanto, esta podera ser utilizada para conhecer o grau de favorabilidade ao uso de alcool entre adultos jovens.