Héctor José Peinado-Guevara

Determining Water Salinity in a Shallow Aquifer and Its Vulnerability to Coastline Erosion

In most coastal areas in Mexico, there is an increase in housing development and facilities for tourism, consequently resulting in a negative impact on the environment. Due to this, an awareness of the critical role of groundwater in sustaining coastal populations, economies, and ecosystems is growing. The coastal zone of Sinaloa State is classified as an area with a high presence of saline groundwater in Mexico. The present work was performed in the Las Glorias Beach, Guasave, Sinaloa, Mexico. The results of the analysis of 19 soil and groundwater samples indicate the predominance of sandy soil and a wide range of water salinity, from slightly saline to brine. An electromagnetic profiling (EMP) survey was performed at the study site showing a low apparent electrical conductivity zone parallel to the coastline as indicative of the possible presence of fresh and/or slightly saline water. Apparent electrical conductivity values were compared with electrical conductivity values measured in groundwater samples collected in wells, resulting in a positive linear correlation (R = 0.97). This linear relation is explained by a φ ξ electromagnetic analytic model when 5.36 ≤ σa ≤ 85.87 mS/cm. The linear relation was used to recalculate the apparent electrical conductivity values from EMP survey into electrical conductivity values of groundwater and, therefore, TDS values. The TDS map indicates the presence of a barrier of fresh/slightly saline groundwater parallel to the coastline that keeps a fragile balance that prevents the advance of saltwater intrusion from the sea of Cortés and from brine zones located in the northern part of the site. The advance of erosion in Las Glorias Beach exposes *e-mail: hpeinado75@hotmail.com DOI: 10.15244/pjoes/70177 2002 Peinado-Guevara H.J., et al.

[RETRACTED ARTICLE]Teleconnections atmospheric-oceanic (Pacific and Atlantic oceans) modulating the wet and dry summers in the Core North American Monsoon

In recent decades, irregular rainfall has evidenced a number of adverse environmental and socioeconomic effects worldwide. The goal of this study was to analyze the ability of four Regional Climatic Models (RCMs) forced by ERA-Interim to capture the humid and dry extreme monsoons in the Core North American Monsoon (CNAM), considering the oceanic mechanisms of the Pacific and Atlantic. From available databases in the network and for the period 1990-2008, we obtained: 1) average observations (obs mean); after obtaining four sets of observed precipitation data: UDel, CLICOM, GPCP and CRU, 2) from the Coordinated Regional Scale Reduction Experiment (CORDEX) -of North America (NA), four RCMs were obtained forced by ERA-Interim, 3) number and intensity of Pacific hurricanes, and 4) calculation of Caribbean Low Level Jet (CLLJ) anomalies, the Filtered Variance (VF), the Decadal Pacific Oscillation (PDO) and the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO). Two extreme monsoons were selected: one wet (1990) and one dry (2005). To all the data, they were applied the test of normality of Shapiro Wilk. It was calculated a Pearson correlation and a hypothesis test, with a confidence level of 95% (P<0.05) and 99% (P<0.01) between the models, Era-Interim, the observations and oceanic indexes. Regardless of the oceanic indexes, HadGEM3-RA and ERA-Interim were the that better captured precipitation in wet monsoons; And ERA-Interim and Reg1 proved to be better at capturing precipitation for dry monsoons. The 1990 monsoon presented almost twice as much precipitation as the monsoon of 2005. This wet anomaly could be associated with the occurrence of 16 hurricanes near the Gulf of California by 1990, since in 2005, only 7 hurricanes occurred. VF and CLLJ are inversely proportional and are two significant predictors of wet monsoons in the CNAM. ERA-Interim better captures precipitation in extreme wet years. PDO, was significantly and negatively correlated with REMO (Pr = -0.90) and CLLJ (Pr = -0.90), that is to say, REMO has no ability to capture dry monsoons that occur when -PDO (La Niña) and -CLLJ (La Niña) [A RT ÍC UL O RE TR AC TA DO ] Llanes Cárdenas, Omar et al. Nova Scientia, No 19, Vol. 9 (2), 2017. ISSN 2007 – 0705, pp.: 348-371 351 phases are present. The dry events are significantly associated with the occurrence of -PDO (La Niña) phase anomalies and not with the occurrence of -CLLJ (La Niña) phase anomalies. This methodology is an effective alternative to predict extreme hydroclimatic events in CNAM, especially when there is no data from weather stations.

Teleconnections atmospheric-oceanic (Pacific and Atlantic oceans) modulating the wet and dry summers in the Core North American Monsoon

In recent decades, irregular rainfall has evidenced a number of adverse environmental and socioeconomic effects worldwide. The goal of this study was to analyze the ability of four Regional Climatic Models (RCMs) forced by ERA-Interim to capture the humid and dry extreme monsoons in the Core North American Monsoon (CNAM), considering the oceanic mechanisms of the Pacific and Atlantic. From available databases in the network and for the period 1990-2008, we obtained: 1) average observations (obs mean); after obtaining four sets of observed precipitation data: UDel, CLICOM, GPCP and CRU, 2) from the Coordinated Regional Scale Reduction Experiment (CORDEX) -of North America (NA), four RCMs were obtained forced by ERA-Interim, 3) number and intensity of Pacific hurricanes, and 4) calculation of Caribbean Low Level Jet (CLLJ) anomalies, the Filtered Variance (VF), the Decadal Pacific Oscillation (PDO) and the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO). Two extreme monsoons were selected: one wet (1990) and one dry (2005). To all the data, they were applied the test of normality of Shapiro Wilk. It was calculated a Pearson correlation and a hypothesis test, with a confidence level of 95% (P<0.05) and 99% (P<0.01) between the models, Era-Interim, the observations and oceanic indexes. Regardless of the oceanic indexes, HadGEM3-RA and ERA-Interim were the that better captured precipitation in wet monsoons; And ERA-Interim and Reg1 proved to be better at capturing precipitation for dry monsoons. The 1990 monsoon presented almost twice as much precipitation as the monsoon of 2005. This wet anomaly could be associated with the occurrence of 16 hurricanes near the Gulf of California by 1990, since in 2005, only 7 hurricanes occurred. VF and CLLJ are inversely proportional and are two significant predictors of wet monsoons in the CNAM. ERA-Interim better captures precipitation in extreme wet years. PDO, was significantly and negatively correlated with REMO (Pr = -0.90) and CLLJ (Pr = -0.90), that is to say, REMO has no ability to capture dry monsoons that occur when -PDO (La Niña) and -CLLJ (La Niña) [A RT ÍC UL O RE TR AC TA DO ] Llanes Cárdenas, Omar et al. Nova Scientia, No 19, Vol. 9 (2), 2017. ISSN 2007 – 0705, pp.: 348-371 351 phases are present. The dry events are significantly associated with the occurrence of -PDO (La Niña) phase anomalies and not with the occurrence of -CLLJ (La Niña) phase anomalies. This methodology is an effective alternative to predict extreme hydroclimatic events in CNAM, especially when there is no data from weather stations.

[ARTÍCULO RETRACTADO]Teleconexiones atmosféricas-oceánicas (océanos Pacífico y Atlántico) moduladoras de veranos húmedos y secos en el Núcleo del Monzón de Norte América

In recent decades, irregular rainfall has evidenced a number of adverse environmental and socioeconomic effects worldwide. The goal of this study was to analyze the ability of four Regional Climatic Models (RCMs) forced by ERA-Interim to capture the humid and dry extreme monsoons in the Core North American Monsoon (CNAM), considering the oceanic mechanisms of the Pacific and Atlantic. From available databases in the network and for the period 1990-2008, we obtained: 1) average observations (obs mean); after obtaining four sets of observed precipitation data: UDel, CLICOM, GPCP and CRU, 2) from the Coordinated Regional Scale Reduction Experiment (CORDEX) -of North America (NA), four RCMs were obtained forced by ERA-Interim, 3) number and intensity of Pacific hurricanes, and 4) calculation of Caribbean Low Level Jet (CLLJ) anomalies, the Filtered Variance (VF), the Decadal Pacific Oscillation (PDO) and the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO). Two extreme monsoons were selected: one wet (1990) and one dry (2005). To all the data, they were applied the test of normality of Shapiro Wilk. It was calculated a Pearson correlation and a hypothesis test, with a confidence level of 95% (P<0.05) and 99% (P<0.01) between the models, Era-Interim, the observations and oceanic indexes. Regardless of the oceanic indexes, HadGEM3-RA and ERA-Interim were the that better captured precipitation in wet monsoons; And ERA-Interim and Reg1 proved to be better at capturing precipitation for dry monsoons. The 1990 monsoon presented almost twice as much precipitation as the monsoon of 2005. This wet anomaly could be associated with the occurrence of 16 hurricanes near the Gulf of California by 1990, since in 2005, only 7 hurricanes occurred. VF and CLLJ are inversely proportional and are two significant predictors of wet monsoons in the CNAM. ERA-Interim better captures precipitation in extreme wet years. PDO, was significantly and negatively correlated with REMO (Pr = -0.90) and CLLJ (Pr = -0.90), that is to say, REMO has no ability to capture dry monsoons that occur when -PDO (La Niña) and -CLLJ (La Niña) [A RT ÍC UL O RE TR AC TA DO ] Llanes Cárdenas, Omar et al. Nova Scientia, No 19, Vol. 9 (2), 2017. ISSN 2007 – 0705, pp.: 348-371 351 phases are present. The dry events are significantly associated with the occurrence of -PDO (La Niña) phase anomalies and not with the occurrence of -CLLJ (La Niña) phase anomalies. This methodology is an effective alternative to predict extreme hydroclimatic events in CNAM, especially when there is no data from weather stations.

Cyclo-hexane-1,4-dicarb-oxy-lic acid-pyridinium-4-olate (1/1).

In the title adduct, C5H5NO·C8H12O4, the heterocycle exists in its zwitterionic form. The cyclohexane ring exhibits a chair conformation with the carboxylic acid groups in equatorial and axial orientations. In the crystal, molecules are linked through charge-assisted O—H⋯O−, N+—H⋯O− and N+—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, and an additional series of C—H⋯O contacts, giving a pleated two-dimensional hydrogen-bonded network parallel to (-204).