Mariano Norzagaray-Campos

Erosivity indicators based on rainfall in Northwestern Mexico

AbstractThis study is motivated by the problem of erosivity (R), exacervated in semiarid zones by intense seasonal storms. The purpose was to estimate the spatial variation of R in a coastal area covering 37500 km2 which is one of the most important agricultural areas in northwestern Mexico. Four methods were used. Rainfall data from 11 SMN-CONAGUA weather stations (from 1966 to 2013) were used to calculate R. The annual average R1 was 1181.08, and R2 was 1084.51 MJ mm ha–1 h–1 with ranges of 2.35–5220.55 and 2.93–4711.38 MJ mm ha–1 h–1. Statistical tests showed that a transformation of the data of the form y = log (x), was appropriate for an ANOVA analysis of the data. The value of the test statistic was F = 1.77 with p = 0.149, showing interdependence between the indicators P (α = 0.05). The values of the correlation coefficients for the data were P vs. R1 = 0.96, P vs. R2 = 0.99, P vs. AIm = 0.98, P vs. MFI = 0.99. The classification of risk in this region showed that 2017.5 km2 of the study area was a...

Toxicity of Mexican native plant extracts against larvae of Aedes aegypti(Diptera: Culicidae)

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate five indigenous Mexican plants [ Hippocratea excelsa , Hippocratea celastroides , Argemone mexicana ( A. mexicana ), Tagetes lucida , and Pseudosmodingium perniciosum ( P. perniciosum )] toxicity against the fourth instar larvae of the dengue primary vector, Aedes aegypti ( A. aegypti ). Methods Each plant part was treated successively with hexane, ethyl acetate, acetone, and methanol to extract potential active components of the plants against the dengue vector. Results There was a range of toxicity at 24 or 48 h post-exposure for the different plant parts and organic solvent used (LC 50 values ranged between 20 and 890 μg/mL). Extracts from seeds of A. mexicana (hexane washing with methanol and acetone) and stem-bark of P. perniciosum (hexane) showed highest toxicity to Ae. aegypti larvae at 48 h post-exposure (LC 50 values were 80, 50, and 20 μg/mL, respectively), thus making them potential candidates as biolarvicides. Efforts are on-going to characterize the bioactive components of the extracts, through chromatography, for their use as biological tools for the control of the primary dengue vector. Conclusions A. mexicana and P. perniciosum are good candidates to combat the dengue vector, Ae. aegypti , as they were highly toxic to the larvae.

Carbon Sequestration of Caesalpinia platyloba S. Watt (Leguminosae) (Lott 1985) in the Tropical Deciduous Forest

Caesalpinia platyloba was evaluated as an alternative for the retention of atmospheric carbon and as a feasible and viable economic activity in terms of income for tropical deciduous forest (TDF) peasants in the carbon markets. A total of 110 trees of C. platyloba from plantations and a TDF in the Northwest of Mexico were sampled. Growth (increase in height, diameter, and volume curves) was adjusted to assess their growth. Growth of individuals (height, diameter at breast height [DBH], age, and tree crown cover) was recorded. The Schumacher model (H = β 0 e β1•E-1), by means of the guided curve method, was used to adjust growth models. Information analysis was made through the non-linear procedure with the multivariate secant or false position (DUD) method using the SAS software. Growth and increase models revealed acceptable adjustments (pseudo R2>0.8). C. platyloba reaches >8m of height with 12cm in diameter and 550cm3 of volume, presenting the highest increase at 11 years considered as basal age. Highest significant density of wood was in good quality sites (0.80g•cm-3), with a carbon content (average of 99.15tC•ha-1) at the highest density of 2500 trees•ha-1 (without thinning). Average incomes of US

[RETRACTED ARTICLE]Teleconnections atmospheric-oceanic (Pacific and Atlantic oceans) modulating the wet and dry summers in the Core North American Monsoon

483.33tC•ha-1 are expected. The profitability values (NPW = US

Teleconnections atmospheric-oceanic (Pacific and Atlantic oceans) modulating the wet and dry summers in the Core North American Monsoon

81,646.65, IRR = 472%, and B/C = 0.82) for C. platyloba make its cultivation a viable and profitable activity, considering a management scheme of the income derived from wood selling and from carbon credits.

[ARTÍCULO RETRACTADO]Teleconexiones atmosféricas-oceánicas (océanos Pacífico y Atlántico) moduladoras de veranos húmedos y secos en el Núcleo del Monzón de Norte América

In recent decades, irregular rainfall has evidenced a number of adverse environmental and socioeconomic effects worldwide. The goal of this study was to analyze the ability of four Regional Climatic Models (RCMs) forced by ERA-Interim to capture the humid and dry extreme monsoons in the Core North American Monsoon (CNAM), considering the oceanic mechanisms of the Pacific and Atlantic. From available databases in the network and for the period 1990-2008, we obtained: 1) average observations (obs mean); after obtaining four sets of observed precipitation data: UDel, CLICOM, GPCP and CRU, 2) from the Coordinated Regional Scale Reduction Experiment (CORDEX) -of North America (NA), four RCMs were obtained forced by ERA-Interim, 3) number and intensity of Pacific hurricanes, and 4) calculation of Caribbean Low Level Jet (CLLJ) anomalies, the Filtered Variance (VF), the Decadal Pacific Oscillation (PDO) and the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO). Two extreme monsoons were selected: one wet (1990) and one dry (2005). To all the data, they were applied the test of normality of Shapiro Wilk. It was calculated a Pearson correlation and a hypothesis test, with a confidence level of 95% (P<0.05) and 99% (P<0.01) between the models, Era-Interim, the observations and oceanic indexes. Regardless of the oceanic indexes, HadGEM3-RA and ERA-Interim were the that better captured precipitation in wet monsoons; And ERA-Interim and Reg1 proved to be better at capturing precipitation for dry monsoons. The 1990 monsoon presented almost twice as much precipitation as the monsoon of 2005. This wet anomaly could be associated with the occurrence of 16 hurricanes near the Gulf of California by 1990, since in 2005, only 7 hurricanes occurred. VF and CLLJ are inversely proportional and are two significant predictors of wet monsoons in the CNAM. ERA-Interim better captures precipitation in extreme wet years. PDO, was significantly and negatively correlated with REMO (Pr = -0.90) and CLLJ (Pr = -0.90), that is to say, REMO has no ability to capture dry monsoons that occur when -PDO (La Niña) and -CLLJ (La Niña) [A RT ÍC UL O RE TR AC TA DO ] Llanes Cárdenas, Omar et al. Nova Scientia, No 19, Vol. 9 (2), 2017. ISSN 2007 – 0705, pp.: 348-371 351 phases are present. The dry events are significantly associated with the occurrence of -PDO (La Niña) phase anomalies and not with the occurrence of -CLLJ (La Niña) phase anomalies. This methodology is an effective alternative to predict extreme hydroclimatic events in CNAM, especially when there is no data from weather stations.

Efficacy of Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae to control Pieris rapae on cabbage in the field.

In recent decades, irregular rainfall has evidenced a number of adverse environmental and socioeconomic effects worldwide. The goal of this study was to analyze the ability of four Regional Climatic Models (RCMs) forced by ERA-Interim to capture the humid and dry extreme monsoons in the Core North American Monsoon (CNAM), considering the oceanic mechanisms of the Pacific and Atlantic. From available databases in the network and for the period 1990-2008, we obtained: 1) average observations (obs mean); after obtaining four sets of observed precipitation data: UDel, CLICOM, GPCP and CRU, 2) from the Coordinated Regional Scale Reduction Experiment (CORDEX) -of North America (NA), four RCMs were obtained forced by ERA-Interim, 3) number and intensity of Pacific hurricanes, and 4) calculation of Caribbean Low Level Jet (CLLJ) anomalies, the Filtered Variance (VF), the Decadal Pacific Oscillation (PDO) and the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO). Two extreme monsoons were selected: one wet (1990) and one dry (2005). To all the data, they were applied the test of normality of Shapiro Wilk. It was calculated a Pearson correlation and a hypothesis test, with a confidence level of 95% (P<0.05) and 99% (P<0.01) between the models, Era-Interim, the observations and oceanic indexes. Regardless of the oceanic indexes, HadGEM3-RA and ERA-Interim were the that better captured precipitation in wet monsoons; And ERA-Interim and Reg1 proved to be better at capturing precipitation for dry monsoons. The 1990 monsoon presented almost twice as much precipitation as the monsoon of 2005. This wet anomaly could be associated with the occurrence of 16 hurricanes near the Gulf of California by 1990, since in 2005, only 7 hurricanes occurred. VF and CLLJ are inversely proportional and are two significant predictors of wet monsoons in the CNAM. ERA-Interim better captures precipitation in extreme wet years. PDO, was significantly and negatively correlated with REMO (Pr = -0.90) and CLLJ (Pr = -0.90), that is to say, REMO has no ability to capture dry monsoons that occur when -PDO (La Niña) and -CLLJ (La Niña) [A RT ÍC UL O RE TR AC TA DO ] Llanes Cárdenas, Omar et al. Nova Scientia, No 19, Vol. 9 (2), 2017. ISSN 2007 – 0705, pp.: 348-371 351 phases are present. The dry events are significantly associated with the occurrence of -PDO (La Niña) phase anomalies and not with the occurrence of -CLLJ (La Niña) phase anomalies. This methodology is an effective alternative to predict extreme hydroclimatic events in CNAM, especially when there is no data from weather stations.

On the bromination of aromatics, alkenes and alkynes using alkylammonium bromide: Towards the mimic of bromoperoxidases reactivity

In recent decades, irregular rainfall has evidenced a number of adverse environmental and socioeconomic effects worldwide. The goal of this study was to analyze the ability of four Regional Climatic Models (RCMs) forced by ERA-Interim to capture the humid and dry extreme monsoons in the Core North American Monsoon (CNAM), considering the oceanic mechanisms of the Pacific and Atlantic. From available databases in the network and for the period 1990-2008, we obtained: 1) average observations (obs mean); after obtaining four sets of observed precipitation data: UDel, CLICOM, GPCP and CRU, 2) from the Coordinated Regional Scale Reduction Experiment (CORDEX) -of North America (NA), four RCMs were obtained forced by ERA-Interim, 3) number and intensity of Pacific hurricanes, and 4) calculation of Caribbean Low Level Jet (CLLJ) anomalies, the Filtered Variance (VF), the Decadal Pacific Oscillation (PDO) and the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO). Two extreme monsoons were selected: one wet (1990) and one dry (2005). To all the data, they were applied the test of normality of Shapiro Wilk. It was calculated a Pearson correlation and a hypothesis test, with a confidence level of 95% (P<0.05) and 99% (P<0.01) between the models, Era-Interim, the observations and oceanic indexes. Regardless of the oceanic indexes, HadGEM3-RA and ERA-Interim were the that better captured precipitation in wet monsoons; And ERA-Interim and Reg1 proved to be better at capturing precipitation for dry monsoons. The 1990 monsoon presented almost twice as much precipitation as the monsoon of 2005. This wet anomaly could be associated with the occurrence of 16 hurricanes near the Gulf of California by 1990, since in 2005, only 7 hurricanes occurred. VF and CLLJ are inversely proportional and are two significant predictors of wet monsoons in the CNAM. ERA-Interim better captures precipitation in extreme wet years. PDO, was significantly and negatively correlated with REMO (Pr = -0.90) and CLLJ (Pr = -0.90), that is to say, REMO has no ability to capture dry monsoons that occur when -PDO (La Niña) and -CLLJ (La Niña) [A RT ÍC UL O RE TR AC TA DO ] Llanes Cárdenas, Omar et al. Nova Scientia, No 19, Vol. 9 (2), 2017. ISSN 2007 – 0705, pp.: 348-371 351 phases are present. The dry events are significantly associated with the occurrence of -PDO (La Niña) phase anomalies and not with the occurrence of -CLLJ (La Niña) phase anomalies. This methodology is an effective alternative to predict extreme hydroclimatic events in CNAM, especially when there is no data from weather stations.

CORDEX-NA: Atmospheric and OceanicConditions of the Pacific that Induce Wet and DryMonsoons in the North American Monsoon

Abstract. The efficacies of a Beauveria bassiana (Bals.-Criv.) Vuill. native strain (BbPM) and B. bassiana (Bea-Sin™) and Metarhizium anisopliae (Metchnikoff) Sorokin (Meta-Sin™)-based commercial products were evaluated against the imported cabbageworm, Pieris rapae (L). Three concentrations (1.2×1012, 1.2×109, and 1.2×106 conidia per hectare) of BbPM, Bea-Sin™, and Meta-Sin™ were applied to commercial cabbage, Brassica oleracea var. capitata L., to evaluate larval mortality during 2005 and 2006. Sampling was done weekly during a 28-day period. Native strain BbPM (92.7%) and Bea-Sin™ (91.8%) killed significantly more larvae than did Meta-Sin™ (62.6%) during both years. The bioinsecticides were most effective early (on sampling days 7 and 14). In general, viability of B. bassiana conidia ranged between 90 and 93% while that of Meta-Sin™ was 52%. The native strain BbPM provided similar control as Bea-Sin™, and both killed significantly more imported cabbageworm larvae than did Meta-Sin™.The efficacies of a Beauveria bassiana (Bals.-Criv.) Vuill. native strain (BbPM) and B. bassiana (BeaSinTM) and Metarhizium anisopliae (Metchnikoff) Sorokin (Meta-SinTM)-based commercial products were evaluated against the imported cabbageworm, Pieris rapae (L). Three concentrations (1.2×10, 1.2×10, and 1.2×10 conidia per hectare) of BbPM, Bea-SinTM, and Meta-SinTM were applied to commercial cabbage, Brassica oleracea var. capitata L., to evaluate larval mortality during 2005 and 2006. Sampling was done weekly during a 28-day period. Native strain BbPM (92.7%) and Bea-SinTM (91.8%) killed significantly more larvae than did Meta-SinTM (62.6%) during both years. The bioinsecticides were most effective early (on sampling days 7 and 14). In general, viability of B. bassiana conidia ranged between 90 and 93% while that of Meta-SinTM was 52%. The native strain BbPM provided similar control as Bea-SinTM, and both killed significantly more imported cabbageworm larvae than did Meta-SinTM.