Howard Geller

Policies for advancing energy efficiency and renewable energy use in Brazil

Abstract This article first reviews energy trends and energy policy objectives in Brazil. It then proposes and analyzes 12 policy options for advancing energy efficiency and renewable energy use. The policies are analyzed as a group with respect to their impacts on total energy supply and demand as well as CO 2 emissions. It is determined that the policies would provide a broad range of benefits for Brazil including reducing investment requirements in the energy sector, cutting energy imports, lowering CO 2 emissions, and providing social benefits.

Utility DSM: What have we learned? Where are we going?

Utility demand-side management (DSM) programmes have been operating for approximately two decades. During this period DSM has progressed from an emphasis on information and loan programmes to a resource acquisition strategy emphasizing rebates. Now the electric utility industry is being restructured, including the role of DSM. This paper reviews the experience and lessons of the past two decades, so that as DSM is restructured, we can build upon the lessons of the past. This paper then proceeds to make some predictions about the role of DSM in the electric utility industry of the future.

Electricity end-use efficiency: Experience with technologies, markets, and policies throughout the world

There is a wealth of experience among industrialized countries with technologies and policies to increase electricity end-use efficiency. Some developing countries are beginning to adopt these technologies and policies as well. Technologies include efficient residual appliances. HVAC equipment, light, motors and efficient industrial processes. A small number of market failures that limit the acceptance of these efficient technologies in both industrialized and developing countries are described. Experience with policies to overcome these failures and promote electricity end-use efficiency, including information programs, appliance efficiency standards, financial incentives to appliance manufacturers, commercial building energy standards, integrated resource planning, and demand-side management, is reviewed.

The efficient use of electricity in Brazil: progress and opportunities

This paper reviews the efforts made with electricity conservation and DSM programs in Brazil in the recent past. The principal end uses in the residential, commercial, and industrial sectors are considered. The status of various electricity-saving measures is examined along with initiatives developed by the National Electricity Conservation Program (PROCEL), utilities and other agencies. While some progress has been made, there remains enormous potential for cost-effective efficiency improvements. We conclude with a discussion of strategies for intensifying electricity conservation efforts in the future.

National appliance efficiency standards in the USA: cost-effective Federal regulations

Abstract This paper reviews the status of Federal appliance and equipment efficiency standards in the United States and summarizes the impacts these standards are having on consumers, manufacturers, and the nation. It shows that standards already adopted are expected to save consumers

Successful government-industry partnership: the US Department of Energy's role in advancing energy-efficient technologies

132 billion net and displace the need for 31 large (500 MW) baseload power plants by 2000. Existing standards also will cut carbon dioxide emissions in 2000 by about 26 million metric tons, equivalent to about two percent of total US emissions or removing around 15 million automobiles from the road. According to analyses by the US Department of Energy, appliance efficiency standards have not had a negative effect on appliance manufacturers. The final section of the paper reviews the status of standards rulemakings underway as of early 1996.

Electricity conservation in Brazil: Potential and progress

Abstract The US Department of Energy (DOE) has played a critical role in the development and dissemination of important energy-efficient technologies. Three of the most successful technologies—low-emissivity (low-E) windows, electronic ballasts and high-efficiency supermarket refrigeration systems—are reviewed in detail herein. DOE initiated R&D projects and worked in partnership with private companies to develop, refine, and demonstrate the technologies. Without DOEs financial and technical assistance, companies would not have been likely to pursue what were then perceived as high-risk, uncertain technologies. Combined, the technologies provided US manufacturers with ca

Progress in the energy efficiency of residential appliances and space conditioning equipment

3.5 billion in additional sales revenues cumulatively throughout 1995. The primary energy savings from use of the technologies reached about 250 trillion Btus per year as of 1995, worth about

Saving Money and Reducing the Risk of Climate Change Through Greater Energy Efficiency

1.5 billion per year. Moreover, US consumers should realize net economic savings of around

An example of energy savings in LDCS: Improving electrical equipment in Pakistan

10 billion over the lifetime of three technologies sold through 1995.