Hsin-Chu Chen

Patterned structure of remote phosphor for phosphor-converted white LEDs.

High efficiency white light-emitting diodes with superior color-mixing have been investigated. It is suggested that the patterned remote phosphor structure could improve the uniformity of angular-dependent correlated color temperature (CCT) and achieve high chromatic stability in wider operating current range, as compared to the conventional remote phosphor coating structure. In this experiment, we employed a pulse spray coating method to place the patterned phosphor on the package and to leave a window region. The window area, a clear space without coating of the phosphor not only increases the extraction efficiency of blue rays at large angle, but also improves the stability of angular-dependent CCT. Moreover, the CCT deviation could be reduced from 1320 K to 266 K by this patterned remote phosphor method, and the stray blue/yellow light within the package can be effectively reduced and controlled. The design was verified both experimentally and theoretically.

Enhanced conversion efficiency of a crystalline silicon solar cell with frustum nanorod arrays

Enhanced photoelectric conversion is demonstrated in a crystalline silicon (c-Si) solar cell with frustum nanorod arrays (FNAs). The omnidirectional antireflection of FNAs is also investigated using an angle-resolved reflectance spectroscopy and simulated by RCWA method.

Enhanced efficiency for c-Si solar cell with nanopillar array via quantum dots layers.

The enhanced efficiency of the crystalline silicon (c-Si) solar cell with nanopillar arrays (NPAs) was demonstrated by deployment of CdS quantum dots (QDs). The NPAs was fabricated by the colloidal lithography and reactive-ion etching techniques. Under a simulated one-sun condition, the device with CdS QDs shows a 33% improvement of power conversion efficiency, compared with the one without QDs. For further investigation, the excitation spectrum of photoluminescence (PL), absorbance spectrum, current-voltage (I-V) characteristics, reflectance and external quantum efficiency of the device was measured and analyzed. It is noteworthy that the enhancement of efficiency could be attributed to the photon down-conversion, the antireflection, and the improved electrical property.

Improvement in uniformity of emission by ZrO2 nano-particles for white LEDs

The high luminous efficiency and superior uniformity of angular-dependent correlated color temperature (CCT) white light-emitting diodes have been investigated by ZrO₂ nano-particles in a remote phosphor structure. By adding ZrO₂ nano-particles with silicone onto the surface of the phosphor layer, the capability of light scattering could be enhanced. In particular, the intensity of blue light at large angles was increased and the CCT deviations could be reduced. Besides, the luminous flux was improved due to the ZrO₂ nano-particles with silicone providing a suitable refractive index between air and phosphor layers. This novel structure reduces angular-dependent CCT deviations from 1000 to 420 K in the range of -70° to 70°. Moreover, the enhancement of lumen flux was increased by 2.25% at a driving current 120 mA, compared to a conventional remote phosphor structure without ZrO₂ nano-particles. Consequently, the ZrO₂ nano-particles in a remote phosphor structure could not only improve the uniformity of lighting but also increase the light output.

The Influence of the Thermal Effect on CdSe/ZnS Quantum Dots in Light-Emitting Diodes

This study investigates the effect of temperature on CdSe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) in GaN-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs) using the phosphor conversion efficiency (PCE) and LED junction temperature. In our simulation, the blue chip and CdSe/ZnS QDs temperature are similar because of their minimal thickness. Furthermore, to verify the effect of temperature on CdSe/ZnS QDs, we use continuous wave and pulsed current sources to measure the relationship between the temperature and relative PCE. Higher junction temperatures are observed with greater CdSe/ZnS QD volume in LEDs. This is attributed to the thermal conduction and nonradiative energy between CdSe/ZnS QDs and blue chip. Therefore, if thermal management is improved, CdSe/ZnS QDs are expected to be used as color converting material in LEDs.

Highly efficient CdS-quantum-dot-sensitized GaAs solar cells

We demonstrate a hybrid design of traditional GaAs-based solar cell combined with colloidal CdS quantum dots. With anti-reflective feature at long wavelength and down-conversion at UV regime, the CdS quantum dot effectively enhance the overall power conversion efficiency by as high as 18.9% compared to traditional GaAs-based device. A more detailed study showed an increase of surface photoconductivity due to UV presence, and the fill factor of the solar cell can be improved accordingly.

Enhanced Luminous Efficiency of WLEDs Using a Dual-Layer Structure of the Remote Phosphor Package

This study demonstrates how the insertion of a thin silicone layer into a dual-layer remote phosphor structure enhances light extraction in white light-emitting diodes (WLEDs). In the experiment, a dual-layer phosphor structure yielded a higher intensity of blue and yellow components than a conventional structure. Moreover, the lumen flux was 5% higher than a conventional remote phosphor package at the same correlated color temperature (CCT). Using a TFCalc32 simulation, the electric field intensity was calculated for different thicknesses of the dual-layer remote phosphor structures, and the enhanced use of blue rays was verified. Additionally, the dual-layer structure reduces chromaticity deviations as the driving current increases.

An Investigation of the Optical Analysis in White Light-Emitting Diodes With Conformal and Remote Phosphor Structure

An effective emission model of phosphor film is proposed by using bidirectional scattering distribution function system (BSDF), and the model is verified by white light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with conformal and remote phosphor structure. The emission model is built to clarify the optical characteristics by analyzing the angular-dependent distribution of emission and excitation behaviors in phosphor film. The white LEDs with conformal and remote phosphor structure are also fabricated for experimental comparison. The uniformity of angular correlated color temperature (CCT) in white LEDs can be determined by the angular distribution of blue and yellow light, which is in turns decided by the refractive index variation between chip a©nd phosphor layers. Finally, the experimental results are found to have good agreement with the simulation results performing by the Monte Carlo method.

A Highly Efficient Hybrid GaAs Solar Cell Based on Colloidal-Quantum-Dot-Sensitization

This paper presents a hybrid design, featuring a traditional GaAs-based solar cell combined with various colloidal quantum dots. This hybrid design effectively boosts photon harvesting at long wavelengths while enhancing the collection of photogenerated carriers in the ultraviolet region. The merits of using highly efficient semiconductor solar cells and colloidal quantum dots were seamlessly combined to increase overall power conversion efficiency. Several photovoltaic parameters, including short-circuit current density, open circuit voltage, and external quantum efficiency, were measured and analyzed to investigate the performance of this hybrid device. Offering antireflective features at long wavelengths and luminescent downshifting for high-energy photons, the quantum dots effectively enhanced overall power conversion efficiency by as high as 24.65% compared with traditional GaAs-based devices. The evolution of weighted reflectance as a function of the dilution factor of QDs was investigated. Further analysis of the quantum efficiency response showed that the luminescent downshifting effect can be as much as 6.6% of the entire enhancement of photogenerated current.

Improving the Angular Color Uniformity of Hybrid Phosphor Structures in White Light-Emitting Diodes

This letter examines a hybrid phosphor structure for white light-emitting diodes. The hybrid phosphor structure produces more efficient luminosity and more uniform angular correlated color temperature (CCT) than the conventional dispensing method. The experimental results show that the CCT deviation improved from 453 to 280 K between -70° and 70 °. This was likely caused by the large blue light divergent angle. The lumen output produced was higher than that produced by dispense and conformal phosphor structures. Therefore, the results show that the hybrid phosphor structure can be used in solid-state lighting.