Humberto Jefferson de Medeiros

Estado Nutricional de Escolares do Semi-Árido do Nordeste Brasileiro

OBJECTIVE This study was aimed at describing the nutritional status of 10 to 17 year old children enrolled in public and private schools from different regions having specific Brazilian semi-arid area characteristics. MATERIAL AND METHODS This was a cross-sectional, descriptive and comparative study using a stratified probability sample (n=1 701). 900 children were male and 801 female selected from three cities, randomly chosen from 3 cities which were representative of the regions: Leste Potiguar-RLP (n=1,158), Oeste Potiguar-ROP (n=312) and Central Potiguar-RCP (n=231). They were divided into three age groups: 10 to 12 years, 13 and 14 years and e(3)15 years. Conde and Monteiro cutoff points were used for body mass index (BMI) classification. RESULTS Regarding the regions, there was a significant difference (p<0001) in BMI distribution. RLP presented excess weight and obesity (6.8 %, 15.2 %), ROP (16.3 %, 9.6 %) and RCP (10.4 %, 3.9 %), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Adolescents in the most favored regions (especially students in private schools in the region) had a prevalence of being overweight and suffering from obesity.Objetivo O objetivo deste estudo e descrever o estado nutricional de criancas com idade entre 10 a 17 anos matriculados em escolas publicas e privadas de diferentes regioes com caracteristicas especificas do semi-arido brasileiro. Material e metodos Estudo transversal do tipo descritivo e comparativo, com uma amostra probabilistica estratificada n=1 701(900 homens e 801 mulheres), escolhidas intencionalmente em tres cidades das regioes Leste Potiguar n=1 158; Oeste Potiguar n=312; e Central Potiguar n=231, divididos em tres grupos etarios de 10 a 12 anos, 13 e 14 anos e ³ 15 anos. Para a classificacao do indice de massa corporal, foi utilizada os pontos de corte de Conde e Monteiro. Resultados Entre as regioes existe uma diferenca significativa com p<0001, na distribuicao do indice de massa corporal. A RLP apresentou um excesso de peso e obesidade (16,8 % e 15,2 %), a ROP (16,3 % y 9,6 %) e a RCP (10,4 % e 3,9 %) respectivamente. Conclusoes Adolescentes das regioes mais favorecidas, especialmente os estudantes pertencentes as escolas privadas do estado, tem uma prevalencia de sobrepeso e obesidade.

Obesidade em adolescentes e as políticas públicas de nutrição

In recent years, obesity has become a major public health problem and its prevalence is increasing at an alarming pace. Moreover, this problem has affected children and adolescents in marked fashion. Considering this situation, public policies on nutrition were created as strategies to attempt to combat/control the high Brazilian obesity indices. The scope of this study was to conduct a historical analysis of the advances in Brazilian public policies related to nutrition/food and the practice of physical exercise to control obesity among adolescents. In this respect, a review was conducted of the literature in the PubMed and SciELO electronic databases that addresses Brazilian public policies on nutrition in the control of obesity. Official documents of the Ministry of Health, scientific articles, journals and the recommendations of the World Health Organization were also used in the research. The results revealed that public policies on nutrition practiced in Brazil have been implemented in an incipient manner when directed at adolescents with respect to the obesity factor. Therefore, a broader vision seeking policies that attempt to control obesity in adolescents is of paramount importance.

Relação do Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano e as Variáveis Nutricionais em Crianças do Brasil

Objetivo O objetivo do presente estudo e demonstrar a relacao do Indice de desenvolvimento humano (IDH) de diferentes regioes brasileiras no comportamento das variaveis de composicao corporal-indicadores do estado nutricional, assim como, a adequacao da utilizacao destas variaveis. Materiais e Metodo Estudo descritivo, de corte transversal de topologia comparativa. A amostra foi composta por alunos de escolas publicas, de ambos os sexos, com idade entre 8 e 10 anos, de 3 regioes brasileiras, escolhidas de maneira aleatoria, sendo: Sul n= 262 masculino e n=251 feminino; Nordeste n=45 masculino y n=35 feminino; Norte n=96 masculino y n=38 feminino. Os protocolos utilizados foram de estatura, massa, somatoria de dobras cutaneas e IMC. O IDH foi retirado do Programa das Nacoes Unidas para o Desenvolvimento.A estatistica utilizada foi a descritiva e inferencial, atraves do metodo comparativo Anova one-way para os dados parametricos e o teste Kurskal-Wallis para os dados nao parametricos, sendo adotado um nivel de significância de p <0,05, ou seja, 95 % de probabilidade para as afirmativas e/ou negativas, denotadas durante as investigacoes. Resultados Foi demostrada a existencia de uma diferencia significativa p<0.0001 nas variaveis estudadas. Conclusiones A utilizacao de antropometria como uma ferramenta auxiliar para conhecer a composicao corporal das criancas podem ajudar na prevencao ou tratamento precoce dos disturbios alimentares, como desnutricao e obesidade. Ela pode ser parte das intervencoes das politicas publicas ligadas a assistencia infantil, na utilizacao de formas simples e eficiente para evitar problemas de saude publica.

Level of pain and quality of life of people living with HIV/AIDS pain and quality of life in HIV/AIDS

ABSTRACT The aim of this descriptive study was to correlate the level of pain with the quality of life in 261 people living with HIV/AIDS. Mild pain/no pain was reported by 47.5% of subjects, 24.1% reported moderate pain, and 28.4% reported severe pain; pain levels were correlated with gender (p = 0.02), health status (p < 0.001), perception (p < 0.001), and stage of infection (p = 0.005). Being female represented a risk factor for moderate (p < 0.001) and intense pain (p = 0.004). Poor health represented a risk for moderate (p < 0.038) and intense pain (p = 0.005). Being young was a factor of protection for moderate pain (21–30 years, p = 0.046; 41–50 years, p = 0.023; and 51–60 years, p < 0.030). The low quality of life averages was identified and correlated with pain in all evaluated domains (p < 0.001). The risk factors for moderate and severe pain were a low level of independence (p = 0.004) and compromised social relations (p = 0.029), respectively. Psychological control behaved as a protection factor for moderate pain (p = 0.011), and bad physical domain proved to be a protection factor for severe pain (p = 0.007). The level of pain is a negative impact on the quality of life of people with HIV/AIDS.

Physical Training and Upper Limb Strength of people with paraplegia: A Systematic Review

CONTEXT Physical training improves the strength of upper limbs, contributing directly to the performance of activities of daily life, confirming one more time that the strengthened muscle is imperative for a rapid rehabilitation. OBJECTIVE To investigate the scientific implications of the impact of physical training on the strength of the upper limbs of people with paraplegias. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION The search strategy with truncations and Boolean operator was defined as: (spinal cord inju* OR traumatic myelopat* OR paraplegi*) AND (physical exercise OR strength training OR resisted training) AND (upper limb* OR arm OR armrest), for all of the databases. There were included experimental and quasi-experimental studies, published in the English language and with the complete text available, with at least 1 physical exercise that worked with the strength of the upper limbs. Two independent evaluators extracted from each article data on study characteristics (publishing year, country of origin, and study design), of the subjects (gender and age), and of the disability (level of lesion and cause). EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Seven articles were included in the systematic revision. The procedure used the most for measuring the maximum strength was the 1-repetition maximum test, followed by the isokinetic dynamometer and Quantitative Muscle Testing System. Furthermore, the most commonly associated variables in the included studies were pain in the shoulder, cardiorespiratory capacity, and functionality, respectively. The results showed that all of the variables improved because of the training. CONCLUSIONS The training improved the strength, the functionality, and reduced the pain in the shoulder of the people with paraplegia.

Estado Nutricional de los estudiantes de la región semiárida del noreste de Brasil

OBJECTIVE This study was aimed at describing the nutritional status of 10 to 17 year old children enrolled in public and private schools from different regions having specific Brazilian semi-arid area characteristics. MATERIAL AND METHODS This was a cross-sectional, descriptive and comparative study using a stratified probability sample (n=1 701). 900 children were male and 801 female selected from three cities, randomly chosen from 3 cities which were representative of the regions: Leste Potiguar-RLP (n=1,158), Oeste Potiguar-ROP (n=312) and Central Potiguar-RCP (n=231). They were divided into three age groups: 10 to 12 years, 13 and 14 years and e(3)15 years. Conde and Monteiro cutoff points were used for body mass index (BMI) classification. RESULTS Regarding the regions, there was a significant difference (p<0001) in BMI distribution. RLP presented excess weight and obesity (6.8 %, 15.2 %), ROP (16.3 %, 9.6 %) and RCP (10.4 %, 3.9 %), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Adolescents in the most favored regions (especially students in private schools in the region) had a prevalence of being overweight and suffering from obesity.Objetivo O objetivo deste estudo e descrever o estado nutricional de criancas com idade entre 10 a 17 anos matriculados em escolas publicas e privadas de diferentes regioes com caracteristicas especificas do semi-arido brasileiro. Material e metodos Estudo transversal do tipo descritivo e comparativo, com uma amostra probabilistica estratificada n=1 701(900 homens e 801 mulheres), escolhidas intencionalmente em tres cidades das regioes Leste Potiguar n=1 158; Oeste Potiguar n=312; e Central Potiguar n=231, divididos em tres grupos etarios de 10 a 12 anos, 13 e 14 anos e ³ 15 anos. Para a classificacao do indice de massa corporal, foi utilizada os pontos de corte de Conde e Monteiro. Resultados Entre as regioes existe uma diferenca significativa com p<0001, na distribuicao do indice de massa corporal. A RLP apresentou um excesso de peso e obesidade (16,8 % e 15,2 %), a ROP (16,3 % y 9,6 %) e a RCP (10,4 % e 3,9 %) respectivamente. Conclusoes Adolescentes das regioes mais favorecidas, especialmente os estudantes pertencentes as escolas privadas do estado, tem uma prevalencia de sobrepeso e obesidade.

Lifestyle and sleep patterns among people living with and without HIV/AIDS

INTRODUCTION Negative lifestyles affect the health and quality of sleep of those living with and without HIV/AIDS. METHODS Individuals were divided into two groups based on whether or not they were living with HIV/AIDS. RESULTS Among the 20 participants, 95% displayed a poor lifestyle, and both groups demonstrated low-quality sleep with significant differences between groups in the early sleep variables, total sleep time, and sleep patterns. CONCLUSIONS Both groups demonstrated similar behavior with unsatisfactory lifestyles, poor sleep quality, and irregular sleep patterns.

Dietary Intervention And Health In Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Systematic Review Of The Evidence

Abstract Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the scientific evidence of dietary intervention, either through diet or supplementation, and its effects on the health of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Methods: Literature searches were conducted using Scopus, PubMed, BioMed Central and Science Direct databases. The terms used for the search were diet, nutritional support, nutrition therapy and systemic lupus erythematosus. Results: Eleven studies with interventions related to supplementation of omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin D and turmeric, as well as changes in diet composition, such as low glycaemic index diet were identified. Conclusions: The studies evidenced that omega-3 supplementation reduced inflammation, disease activity, endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress; vitamin D supplementation increased serum levels, reduced inflammatory and hemostatic markers; turmeric supplementation reduced proteinuria, hematuria and systolic blood pressure; and low glycaemic index diet caused weight loss and reduced fatigue.

Pain level associated to socio-demographic and clinical variables in people living with human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A dor e um sintoma comum em pessoas que vivem com a sindrome da imunodeficiencia adquirida, sendo bastante subnotificada e nao tratada. Por esse motivo, existe a necessidade de estudos que discutam a tematica na tentativa de esclarecer os fatores envolvidos nesse processo e buscar tratamentos adequados e eficazes. Dentro dessa perspectiva, o objetivo deste estudo foi relacionar o nivel de dor em pessoas que vivem com o virus da imunodeficiencia humana, com variaveis socio-demograficas e clinicas. METODOS: Pesquisa descritiva com carater transversal, com 261 individuos vivendo com o virus da imunodeficiencia humana. Foi aplicada a escala analogica visual para a intensidade da dor e entrevista semiestruturada como anamnese. RESULTADOS: Foi encontrado um total de 47,5% individuos referindo dor leve/sem dor; 24,1% com dor moderada e 28,4% com dor intensa. Foi encontrada relacao significativa entre a dor e o sexo (p=0,02), estado de saude (p=0,001), percepcao da saude, quanto a se sentir doente ou nao (p=0,001) e o estagio da infeccao (p=0,005). A dor foi caracterizada em lancinante (69%), perfurante (55%) e em queimacao (41%), sendo encontrada relacao significativa entre essas variaveis (p<0,001). Foi possivel encontrar tambem uma associacao significativa com relacao a intensidade da dor (p<0,001) e o tempo (p<0,001). Quando aplicado o modelo de regressao logistica, o fato de ser mulher representou um risco de 7,256 (p<0,001) para a dor moderada e de 5,329 (p<0,004) para dor intensa. Com relacao a idade, as faixas etarias de 21 a 30 anos (0,073; p<0,046), 41 a 50 anos (0,068; p<0,023) e 51 a 60 anos (0,063; p<0,030), apresentaram-se como fator de protecao para a presenca de dor moderada. Com relacao ao estado de saude, esta variavel apresentou-se como fator de risco para a presenca de dor moderada (8,13; p<0,038) e intensa (11,73; p<0,005). CONCLUSAO: A dor foi um sintoma prevalente entre as pessoas que vivem com o virus da imunodeficiencia humana.

Pubertal maturation and health risk behaviors in adolescents: a systematic review

Objective: The objective of this academic work is to demonstrate evidences available in literature about the association among the pubertal maturation and health risk behavior in adolescents. Methods: It was used the database from MEDLINE/Pubmed, Scopus, Lilacs and Web of Science. The terms used in the research, with its variations, were “puberty”, “maturation”, “maturity”, “risk behaviors”, “risk factors”, “adolescent” and “student”. Results: Out of 838 manuscripts found in the databases, after the sorting and applied the eligibility criteria, remained in this systematic review 13 articles. Early maturation was associated significantly with the use of alcohol, cigarettes and illegal drugs, early sexual initiation, sedentary behaviors and involvement in fights, where girls showed higher prevalence. Conclusions: Henceforth, the results from the current study indicates that the early maturation is associated with health risk behaviors in adolescents, especially with the use of alcohol and cigarettes.