Hyo-Sang Bae

The Effects of Breath-Counting Meditation on Sasang Constitution

Objectives The purpose of this study is to find out whether or not there are differences of effects when we count breaths on inspiration or expiration, and how differently the effects show up according to gender or Sasang Constitution Methods A group of 79 participants were enrolled and diagnosed Sasang Constitution by Sasang Constitution Diagnosis System of the Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine. Physical responses to respiratory changes were measured by Biofeedback sensors that were attached to the participants while they were seated comfortably on a sofa and breathing normally without counting for 5 minutes, counting on inspiration for 5 minutes, and counting on expiration for 5 minutes. Results and Conclusions 1. Mean heart rate and respiration rate decreased in association with breathing counting on inspiration and expiration more than breathing normally without counting. Especially respiration rate was stabilized during counting on inspiration and mean heart rate was stabilized during counting on expiration. 2. Interaction between breathing methods and gender did not appear. In comparison between gender, LF/HF ratio was higher in male during breathing normally without counting and counting on inspiration. Body temperature was higher in male during counting on inspiration and expiration. 3. Interaction between breathing methods and Sasang Constitution did not appear. In comparison between Sasang Constitution, mean heart rate was higher in Soyang-in, Soeum-in than Taeeum-in and abdominal amplitude was lower in Taeeum-in than Soeum-in.

Study on Liver Function Test and Liver Disorders under the Ultrasonography for each of the Sasang Constitutional Types

Abstract Study on Liver Function Test and Liver Disorders under the Ultrasonography for each of the Sasang Constitutional Types Min-Ji Kim, Hyo-Sang Bae, Seong-Sik ParkDept. of Sasang Constitutional Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk Univ.ObjectivesThis study aimed to examine differences in the hepatic function disorders and prevalence rates of liver diseases in accordance with the Sasang constitutional type, and to analyze whether Sasang constitution is a significant risk factor for fatty liver.MethodsA total of 1211 patients who underwent health check-up at the Ilsan Hospital of Dongguk University and had their physical constitutions diagnosed by a specialist in Sasang constitutional medicine from October 31, 2011 to September 28, 2012 were used as the subjects of this study. Presence of hepatobiliary diseases was analyzed from the results of the hepatic function test, lipid test and viral hepatitis infection marker test in the biochemistrytests, and abdominal ultrasonography.Results & ConclusionSubjects of the study were composed of 691 males and 520 females and, in terms of Sasang constitution distribution, 550 Taeeumin, 343 Soeumin and 318 Soyangin. As the results of analysis of prevalence rates in accordance withSasang constitutions, significant differences were observed in the prevalence rates of abnormal groups in the casesof AST, ALT, GGT, Triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol, and all of their prevalence rates were in the descending order of Taeeumin, Soyangin and Soeumin. Soeumin displayed significantly higher positive rate for HBs Ab in comparison to Taeeumin and Soyangin. In the results of abdominal ultrasonography, the prevalencerates of fatty liver displayed significant differences and were in the descending order of Taeeumin, Soyangin and Soeumin. And as the result of logistic regression analysis in order to find the risk factors of fatty liver, the Sasang constitutionwas found to be a significant risk factor for fatty liver. The odds ratio of Taeeumin in fatty liver was found to be 1.634 higher than Soeumin and 1.773 higher than SoyanginKey Words: Liver Function Test, Liver Disorders, Fatty Liver, Sasang Constitution.

A Case Study of a Patient with Atopic Dermatitis improved by Yangdokbaekho-tang

Abstract A Case Study of a Patient with Atopic Dermatitis improved by Yangdokbaekho-tang Ji-Hwan Kim, Min-Ji Kim, Han-Beom Son, Hyo-Sang Bae, and Seong-Sik Park Dept. of Sasang Constitutional Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk Univ.ObjectivesThe purpose of this case study was to report the main effect of Yangdokbaekho-tang to a Soyangin atopic dermatitispatient. MethodsThis patient was treated by Yangdokbaekho-tang, topical herbal extract, moxa and acupuncture according to theresult of Sasang constitutional diagnosis.Results and ConclusionsThe patients subjective symptoms of atopic dermatitis and general condition were improved after using Yangdokbaekho-tang in spite of patients loose stool. The SCORAD index (Scoring Atopic Dermatitis Severity Index) which was used to evaluate the therapeutic effect of Sasang constitutional treatment on atopic dermatitis was also decreased from 86.3 to 42.8 without using anti-histamine or steroid medications.Key Words: Atopic dermatitis, Soyangin, Yangdokbackho-tang

The Effects of Ratio of Inhalation and Exhalation and Posture on Heart Rate Variability according to Sasang Constitution

The Effects of Ratio of Inhalation and Exhalation and Posture on Heart Rate Variability according to Sasang Constitution Ji-Hwan Kim, Hyo-Sang Bae, Seong-Sik Park Department of Sasang Constitutional Medicine, Dongguk University Objectives We observed what effects both ratio of inhalation and exhalation(I/E) and posture have on heart rate variability(HRV) according to Sasang Constitution(SC). Methods HRV of 73 healthy participants who filled in self-questionnaires was recorded while they carried out 0.1Hz paced breathing(PB) with sitting, usual breathing(UB) with standing, and 0.1Hz PB with standing. PB was conducted to 4:6 or 6:4 of I/E and UB with sitting was executed before and after each breathing. Finally, HRV indices were analyzed of 60 participants(Soeum: 24, Soyang: 18, Taeeum: 18). Results & Conclusions In both self-questionnaires and HRV indices, there are not statistically significant between SC about the posture and I/E. SOEUM preferred 4:6 of I/E and showed lower mean RR and SDNN. SOYANG preferred 6:4 of I/E and showed higher mean RR and lower mean heart rate. TAEUM did not prefer I/E and showed the highest SDNN.

Difference in Taste of Herbal Medications among Sasang Constitution Groups

Abstract Difference in Taste of Herbal Medications among Sasang Constitution Groups Han-Beom Son, Ji-Hwan Kim, Seong-Sik Park, Hyo-Sang BaeDepartment of Sasang Constitutional Medicine, Dongguk UniversityObjectivesPurpose of this study was to examine difference of taste score in herbal medicine among Sasang Constitution groups.Methods Seventy-three healthy students tasted salt solution, sucrose solution, four herbal medications (Hyangsayangwi-tang, Yanggyeoksanhwa-tang, Yeoldahanso-tang, and Mihudeungsikjang-tang), and then immediately scored intension of stimuli for each taste which they felt. Data of sixty-four final participant were analyzed by SPSS version 18,as follows: frequency analysis for characteristic data of participants, Kruskal-wallis test for difference in taste scoreamong Sasang Constitution groups, and Pearson correlation analysis for the correlation between taste score of singletaste stimuli and taste scores of herbal medications.Results Significant difference was shown in sweet taste score of Hyangsayangwi-tang among Sasang Constitution groups,that Soyangin showed higher sweet taste score of Hyangsayangwi-tang than Soeumin’s. No significant differencewas shown in other tastes or other herbal medications. Positive correlation between taste score of sucrose solutionand sweet taste score of herbal medication was shown in Soemin.ConclusionsThere is difference in sweet taste score of Hyangsayangwi-tang among Sasang Constitution groups. There is positivecorrelation between sweet taste score of sucrose solution and herbal medication. This research has limitation, sowell-designed research is needed.Key Words: Taste, Difference, Herbal Medication, Sasang Constitution

A Case Study of a Soyangin Patient with Fever Pattern of Malaria by Acute Urticaria

A Case Study of a Soyangin Patient with Fever Pattern of Malaria by Acute Urticaria Ji-Hwan Kim, Han-Beom Son, Hyo-Sang Bae, Seong-Sik Park Dept. of Sasang Constitutional Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk Univ. Objectives The purpose of this case study is to report the effect of Sasang constitutional therapy about chill and fever pattern of malaria by acute urticaria. Methods This Soyangin patient is treated by herbal prescriptions, venesection, and acupuncture therapy according to the change of symptoms. When fever is severe, adequate medical supportive treatments such as normal saline intravenous injection, sedative or anti-histamine are provided for the patient. Results & Conclusions The patients symptoms of acute urticaria and general conditions were improved after using Yangdokbaekho-tang and Hwagam. However, chill and fever pattern of malaria was continued so that Hyungbangpaedok-san and Dokhwaljihwang-tang for Soyangins lasting malaria symptom were medicated to the patient. Accordingly, chill and fever pattern lasting about one month was successfully eliminated after herbal treatment.

The Effects of Paced Breathing in Specific Respiration Rate on Heart Rate Variability:A Pilot Study

The Effects of Paced Breathing in Specific Respiration Rate on Heart Rate Variability Ji-Hwan Kim, Byoung-Soo Kim, Seong-Sik Park†, Yong-Jae Lee†, Na-Rae Keum†, Hyo-Sang Bae† Research Institute of Korean Medicine in College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University †Department of Sasang Constitutional Medicine, Dongguk University Objectives We observed what effects of Paced Breathing(PB) in specific respiration rate have on heart rate variability (HRV) according to Sasang Constitution. Methods HRV of 72 healthy participants in sitting position was recorded while they carried out usual breathing, 0.2Hz, 0.1Hz, and 0.05Hz PB each 5 minutes in consecutive order. Five minute of relaxation was permitted between each breathing. Finally, HRV indices were statictically analyzed of 32 participants (SOEUM: 11, SOYANG: 10, TAEEUM: 11) after data out of accord with respiration rate or outliers were excluded. Results and Conclusions According to respiration rates, there was no statistical significance of HRV among Sasang Constitution. Regardless of Sasang Constituion, 0.2Hz PB increased mean heart rate and decreased natural logarithmic low frequency(lnLF) oscillation of HRV without the change of natural logarithmic high frequency(lnHF), while 0.1Hz PB increased lnLF and standard deviation of N-N interval(SDNN), and slightly decreased lnHF without the change of mean heart rate. 0.05 Hz PB also showed the same effect as 0.1Hz PB, but was impracticable.

A Case Report of Nodules on Lower Extremities with Pain

A Case Report of Nodules on Lower Extremities with Pain Na-rae Keum, Yong-Jae Lee, Seong-Sik Park, Hyo-Sang Bae Dept. of Sasang Constitutional Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University Objectives The purpose of this study was to report a case of nodules on lower extremities with pain which was treated by herbal medicine treatment and acupuncture. Methods One male patient who had nodules on lower extremities with pain was treated by Yangdokbaekho-tang and Hyungbangsabak-san, and acupuncture according to the result of Sasang constitutional diagnosis. Results and Conclusions The patient’s pain and accompanied symptoms were improved after using Yangdokbaekho-tang and Hyungbangsabak-san. The Numeric Rating Scale(NRS) which was used to evaluate pain intensity was decreased from 9 to 2 without using Western medications.

The Effects of Mindfulness Meditation on Anger according to Sasang Constitution

Abstract The Effects of Mindfulness Meditation on Anger according to Sasang Constitution Hyo-Sang Bae, Seo-Yeon Park * , Jun-Young Jeong ** , Seong-Sik ParkDept. of Sasang Constituional Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk Univ. * Institute for Buddhist Culture, Dongguk Univ. ** Dept. of Buddhist Studies, Seoul University of Buddhism ObjectivesIn this study, we tried to examine that Sasang Constitutional differences affect the direction of the treatment of anger by comparing the effect of mindfulness meditation for anger scale in accordance with the difference of the constitution.Methods We analysed 105 college student’s Constitution by Questionnaire for the Sasang Constitution ClassificationⅡ andthe effect of mindfulness meditation for anger by State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory Korean version(STAXI-K), Korean Version of the Behavioral Anger Response Questionnaire(K-BARQ). Volunteers who participated in this study were 105 people, except for person that did not properly entered the anger scale and Questionnaire for the Sasang Constitution ClassificationⅡ, the subjects of analysis for State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory Scalewere 45 and for the Behavioral Anger Scale were 49. Results & ConclusionsThe result of the effects of mindfulness meditation according to Sasang Constitution was as follows. The tendencyto try to disperse and avoid the anger was increased through meditation for all subjects. The diffusion of male subjects and the avoidance of female subjects was increased. The effect of meditation on anger did not differ according to Sasang Constitution, constitutional differences did not affect the effects of meditation. The tendencyof avoidance of anger was increased in Soyangin, Anger-out was decreased and the tendency of avoidance and diffusion of anger were decreased in Taeeumin through meditation.Key Words: Sasang Constitution, Anger, Mindfulness, Meditation, State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory Korean Version. Korean Version of the Behavioral Anger Response Questionnaire.

A Case Study of Taeeumin Patient Who Experienced Refusing Food Intake after Stroke

Abstract A Case Study of Taeeumin Patient Who Experienced Refusing Food Intake after Stroke Min-Ji Kim, Hyo-Sang Bae, and Seong-Sik ParkDept. of Sasang Constitutional Medicine, College of Oriental Medicine, Dongguk Univ.ObjectivesThe purpose of this case thesis paper is to report the improvement of symptoms for a 58-year-old male patient who experienced refusing food intake 1 month after onset of stroke by treating the patient with Chungpyesagan-tangMethodsWe have determined the patient to have the Taeeumin type physique with Dry Heat Syndrome and provided Chungpyesagan-tang to alleviate the patient’s symptoms. The level of improvement was measured based on changesof food intake amount.Results The patient was hospitalized to receive treatment for roughly 2 weeks. The symptom of refusing food intake as well as other symptoms that simultaneously appeared including insomnia, headache, dizziness, and general weakness have improved.ConclusionsIn this case, the symptom of refusing food intake appeared one month after experiencing stroke, and the patient refused not only meals, but the intake of all other forms of food including water and medicine. The cause of such symptoms were deemed to be emotional rather than the types of food which generally provide the causes for Oh Shik Jeung. As the patient was deemed to have the Taeeumin type physique with Dry Heat Syndrome. Chungpyesagan-tang was provided for treatment. Acupuncture and oriental cupping therapy were also provided concurrently, and the main symptom and other accompanying conditions have largely improved after 2 weeks of hospitalized treatment. Key Words: Refusing food intake, Stroke, Taeeumin, Dry Heat Syndrome, Chungpyesagan-tang