I Wayan Suardana

Frequency and risk-factors analysis of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Bali-cattle

Cattle are known as the main reservoir of zoonotic agents verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli. These bacteria are usually isolated from calves with diarrhea and/or mucus and blood. Tolerance of these agents to the environmental conditions will strengthen of their transmission among livestock. A total of 238 cattle fecal samples from four sub-districts in Badung, Bali were used in this study. Epidemiological data observed include cattle age, sex, cattle rearing system, the source of drinking water, weather, altitude, and type of cage floor, the cleanliness of cage floor, the slope of cage floor, and the level of cattle cleanliness. The study was initiated by culturing of samples onto eosin methylene blue agar, then Gram stained, and tested for indole, methyl-red, voges proskauer, and citrate, Potential E.coli isolates were then cultured onto sorbitol MacConkey agar, and further tested using O157 latex agglutination test and H7 antisera. Molecular identification was performed by analysis of the 16S rRNA gene, and epidemiological data was analyzed using STATA 12.0 software. The results showed, the prevalence of E. coli O157:H7 in cattle at Badung regency was 6.30% (15/238) covering four sub districts i.e. Petang, Abiansemal, Mengwi, and Kuta which their prevalence was 8.62%(5/58), 10%(6/60), 3.33%(2/60), and 3.33(2/60)%, respectively. The analysis of 16S rRNA gene confirmed of isolates as an E. coli O157:H7 strain with 99% similarities. Furthermore, the risk factors analysis showed that the slope of the cage floor has a highly significant effect (P<0.05) to the distribution of infection. Consequently, implementing this factor must be concerned in order to decrease of infection.

IDENTIFICATION OF LACTIC ACID BACTERIA ISOLATE 9A FROM BALI CATTLE’S COLON PHENOTYPICALLY

Lactic acid bacteria are the type of bacteria that has benefits in food and health industries as a biopreservative, fermentative, or probiotics. Bali cattle are known as potential host for specific lactic acid bacteria. The aim of this study is to identify phenotypically lactic acid bacteria 9A isolated from bali cattle’s colon, that producing a substance which known has potency as antimicrobial. In this study, phenotypic identification included conventional method and API 50 CHL. The result of this study showed that lactic acid bacteria isolate 9A was Streptococcus sp., whereas identification by kit API 50 CHL showed isolate 9A as Lactobacillus fermentum with 83% identity. The difference between the results of conventional method and kit API 50 CHL, may indicate the difference in sensitivity and specificity of the two methods, hence it needs further confirmation.

FAKTOR PENDORONG DAN PENARIK WISATAWAN BACKPACKER MANCANEGARA BERWISATA KE BALI

Trend backpackers is growing in various areas, including in Bali. Backpackers have been identified as having “a preference for budget accommodation, independently organized travel and emphasis on meeting other travellers, longer rather than brief holidays. The purpose of this research are to anlyses the push and pull factors that motivate the foreign backpacker tourists traveled to Bali. Sample on this research is 200 respondents of backpackers and using purposive sampling technique. Offline questionnaires are used for data collecting and the analysis technique is based on factor analysis. The results of research shows that the push factors backpackers traveled to Bali are (1) facilitation of social interaction, (2) self-identity, (3) relaxation, (4) prestige, (5) adventure (6) novelty. The push factor that dominantly is facilitation of social interaction. The pull factors are (1) cultural/historical, (2) affordable price, (3) variety seeking, (4) tourism facilities, (5) safety and clean, (6) environment. The pull factor that dominantly is Cultural / Historical.

FAKTOR FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI LAYANAN RESERVASI HOTEL DI PT. BALI MEGAH WISATA TOUR AND TRAVEL

This study aims to determine the factors that influence hotel reservation service at Bali Megah Wisata Tour and Travel and a contributing factor dominant in hotel reservation service at Bali Megah Wisata Tour and Travel. The respondents in this study use purposive sampling technique in which the criteria are tourists who have made hotel reservation at Bali Megah Wisata Tour and Travel, with the total sample of 190 respondents. Questionnaires were used to collect data have been tested for validity and reliability. The data analysis which is used to answer the hypothesis of this study is factor analysis. The results of factor analysis showed that 5 factors affecting hotel reservation service at Bali Megah Wisata Tour and Travel are structur and ease of use factor with eigen value 6,492, reputation and security factor with eigen value 2,671, usefulness factor with eigen value 2,497, information content factor with eigen value 1,889 and responsiveness and personalization factor with eigen value 1,059. Structure and ease of use factor is a contributing factor dominant in hotel reservation service at Bali Megah Wisata Tour and Travel.

PENGARUH CITRA MEREK DAN PERSEPSI KUALITAS PELAYANAN PELAYANAN TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN PADA ONLINE TRAVEL AGENT AIRASIA GO

Airasia Go sedang mengupayakan untuk membentuk citra merek dan persepsi kualitas pelayanan terhadap wisatawan agar dapat mengetahui sejauh mana pengaruh citra merek dan persepsi kualitas pelayanan terhadap keputusan pembelian pada online travel agent Airasia Go tersebut. Tujuannya adalah untuk mengetahui respon wisatawan terhadap citra merek dan persepsi kualitas pelayanan terhadap keputusan pembelian pada produk jasa Airasia Go, mengetahui besarnya pengaruh citra merek dan persepsi kualitas pelayanan secara parsial dan simultan terhadap keputusan pembelian. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode non probability sampling jenis accidental sampling dengan jumlah 110 responden. Untuk analisis data menggunakan teknik analisis berganda, korelasi berganda, analisis determinasi, uji t dan uji F. Dari uji t diperoleh hasil bahwa citra merek dan persepsi kualitas pelayanan berpengaruh positif terhadap keputusan pembelian dengan nilai t hitung 5,685 untuk variabel persepsi kualitas pelayanan dan 6,261 untuk variabel citra merek. Dari uji F diperoleh hasil bahwa citra merek dan persepsi kualitas pelayanan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian dengan nilai F hitung 119,337.

Regulatory elements of stx2 gene and the expression level of Shiga-like toxin 2 in Escherichia coli O157:H7

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Shiga-like toxin (Stx) is an important factor in the pathogenesis of Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection and is responsible for some severe complications. Stx2 is usually associated with hemolytic uremic syndrome in humans. Its expression is regulated by elements located upstream of the stx2 gene, including stx2-promoter sequence, ribosome binding site, and the antiterminator q gene. The present study aimed to find the correlation between regulatory elements and the expression level of Stx2 in two local isolates of E. coli O157:H7. METHODS Two local E. coli O157:H7 strains SM-25(1) and KL-48(2), originating from human and cattle feces, respectively, and an E. coli reference strain, ATCC 43894, were investigated. The complete stx2 gene covering the sequences of promoter, ribosome binding site, and open reading frame and q gene of each strain was analyzed. The magnitude of Stx2 production was detected with a reverse passive latex agglutination method and Stx mediated cellular damage was determined with the Vero cell assay. RESULTS A comparison of the complete stx2 gene contained stx2-promoter, ribosome binding site, and q genes of two local strains KL-48(2) and SM25(1), and the E. coli ATCC 43894 showed that the amino acid sequences were identical. Both local isolates were Stx negative in the reverse passive latex agglutination test and nontoxic in the Vero cell assay. CONCLUSION The expression level of Shiga-like toxin of the two local isolates of E. coli O157:H7 did not only depend on the regulatory elements of the stx2 gene.

PERSEPSI WISATAWAN TERHADAP AKSESIBILITAS DARI PENELOKAN MENUJU OBJEK WISATA TOYA BUNGKAH KECAMATAN KINTAMANI KABUPATEN BANGLI

The perception of tourist about accessibility from Penelokan village to Toya Bungkah destination” has objective to known the tourist perceptions of accessibility in Toya Bungkah destination. Kinds data used are primary data and secondary data. The data was gain through observations, depth interviews, questionnaires, literature studies, and documentations. Sampling was gain by purposive sampling to option the data of accessibility. The respondents was choose by using quota sampling. Analyzed the perception of tourist by using attitude scale (Likert scale) to measure the results. The result of the research showed that the tourist perceptions of accessibility to Toya Bungkah were : Condition about access from Penelokan to Toya Bungkah get average score was 3.10 is good enough, Quality of access from Penelokan to Toya Bungkah get average score was 3.20 is good enough, Comfortable of access from Penelokan to Toya Bungkah get average score was 3.14 is good enough, Condition transportasion after arrived from Penelokan to Toya Bungkah get average score was 3,48 is good, View at around access the tourist can see from Penelokan to Toya Bungkah get average score was 4.08 is good, Safety with the path from Penelokan to Toya Bungkah get average score was 3.50 is good, Perception of the tourist about Toya Bungkah get average score was 3.76 is good.

PERANAN PERSON IN CHARGE DALAM PENYELENGGARAAN MICE DI BICC THE WESTIN RESORT

Nowadays Bali has developed into a MICE tourist destination. Several events hav been a successfuly held in Bali. The event such of the ASEAN Summit and Climate Change Summit 2012, ASEAN Summit and the ASEAN Foreign Ministers Meeting. Behind the success of the international MICE events in Bali, there are the role of person who are competent to make it happen. Human resources in the area of MICE services have a very important role for MICE events took place. They are the one who hold the key to the success of the event. One of them is a representative of the hotel (venue) where the convention was held as a person in charge who will be contacted by the organizers to communicate all necessary purposes. The person in charge holds the key to the success of the hotel (venue) in providing the best service to convention delegates, and play crucial part of convincing the organizers to use hotel as a venue. This study was conducted to determine how the specification of the role of the person in charge in the organization of international MICE event.

ANALISIS KEBUTUHAN TENAGA KERJA RESERVASI TERHADAP PERENCANAAN PENGEMBANGAN SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA PADA CV. CAN TOUR & TRAVEL

Employment remains the fundamental probel faced by many countries including Indonesia. One of the efforts the Government of Indonesia in extending employment opportunities is to develop the tourism sector. Bali is one of the potential tourist destinastions and it needs to be marketed. Cooperation between the Travel Bureau with the provider of the accommodation or hotel is one of the ways the potential market and the most instrumental in the development of the company, namely human resources required or called by labor. CV. CAN Tour and Travel is one of the tourist industry in Bali trip with a number of guest handling that quite a lot. This research aims to know the availability of labor needs resevartion in order CV. CAN Tour and Travel development and also to find out how the workforce qualification is required. Determination technique using the key informant that was labor reservation CV. CAN Tour and Travel, while the base of the informant was CV. CAN Tour and Travel Manager. Data analysis technique used is the analysis of workload and workforce needs analysis. The research results obtained indicate that shortage of time working as many as 210 minutes. So the manpower needed by CV. CAN Tour and Travel is two people with the fact that there is only 1 nowaday. It can be seen from the burden of the work done in a day’s work and the workforce absences. So labor needs on the Reservation Department is supposed to be 3 people, with 2 staff 1 reservations and ticketing staff. It was necessary increase manpower in the Labour Departmen’s Reservation in the reservation and also training to develop the ability to work.