Network


Latest external collaboration on country level. Dive into details by clicking on the dots.

Hotspot


Dive into the research topics where Ian R. Morris is active.

Publication


Featured researches published by Ian R. Morris.


Anesthesiology | 1995

Clinical trial of a new lightwand device (Trachlight) to intubate the trachea.

Orlando Hung; Saul Pytka; Ian R. Morris; Michael F. Murphy; Gordon Launcelott; Sarah Stevens; William A. MacKay; Ronald D Stewart

Background : Transillumination of the soft tissue of the neck using a lighted stylet (lightwand) is an effective and safe intubating technique. A newly designed lightwand (Trachlight) incorporates modifications to improve the brightness of the light source as well as flexibility. The goal of this study was to determine the effectiveness and safety of this device in intubating the trachea of elective surgical patients. Methods : Healthy surgical patients were studied. Patients with known or potential problems with intubation were excluded. During general anesthesia, the tracheas were intubated randomly using either the Trachlight or the laryngoscope. Failure to intubate was defined as lack of successful intubation after three attempts. The duration of each attempt was recorded as the time from insertion of the device into the oropharynx to the time of its removal. The total time to intubation (TTI), an overall measure of the ease of intubation, was defined as the sum of the durations of all (as many as three) intubation attempts. Complications, such as mucosal bleeding, lacerations, dental injury, and sore throat, were recorded. Results : Nine hundred fifty patients (479 in the Trachlight group and 471 in the laryngoscope group) were studied. There was a 1% failure rate with the Trachlight, and 92% of intubations were successful on the first attempt, compared with a 3% failure rate and an 89% success rate on the first attempt with the laryngoscope (P not significant). All failures were followed by successful intubation using the alternate device. The TTI was significantly less with the Trachlight compared with the laryngoscope (15.7 ± 10.8 vs. 19.6 ± 23.7 s). For laryngoscopic intubation, the TTI was longer for patients with limited mandibular protrusion and mentohyoid distance, with a larger circumference of the neck, and with a high classification according to Mallampatti et al. However, there was no relation between the TTI and any of the airway parameters for Trachlight. There were significantly fewer traumatic events in the Trachlight group than in the laryngoscope group (10 vs. 37). More patients complained of sore throat in the laryngoscope group than in the Trachlight group (25.3% vs. 17.1%). Conclusions : In contrast to laryngoscopy, the ease of intubation using the Trachlight does not appear to be influenced by anatomic variations of the upper airway. Intubation occasionally failed with the Trachlight but in all cases was resolved with direct laryngoscopy. The failures of direct laryngoscopy were resolved with Trachlight. Thus the combined technique was 100% successful in intubating the tracheas of all patients.


Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia-journal Canadien D Anesthesie | 1995

Lightwand intubation: II--Clinical trial of a new lightwand for tracheal intubation in patients with difficult airways.

Orlando Hung; Saul Pytka; Ian R. Morris; Michael F. Murphy; Ronald D. Stewart

Lightwands have been used to assist in the tracheal intubation of patients with difficult airways for many years. A new lightwand (Trachlight™) with a brighter light source and a flexible stylet permits both oral and nasal intubation under ambient light. This study reports the effectiveness of the Trachlight™ in tracheal intubation in patients with difficult airways. Two groups of patients were studied: Group 1 — patients with a documented history of difficult intubation or anticipated difficult airways; Group 2 — anaesthetized patients with an unanticipated failed laryngoscopic intubation. In Group I, the tracheas were intubated using the Trachlight™ with patients either awake or under general anaesthesia. In Group 2, tracheas were intubated under general anaesthesia using the Trachlight™. The time-to-intubation, number of attempts, failures, and complications during intubation for all patients were recorded. Two hundred and sixty-five patients were studied with 206 patients in Group 1, and 59 in Group 2. In most patients, the tracheas were intubated orally (183 versus 23 nasal) during general anaesthesia (202 versus 4 awake) in Group 1. Intubation was successful in all but two of the patients with a mean (± SD) time-to-intubation of 25.7 ± 20.1 sec (range 4 to 120 sec). The tracheas of these two patients were intubated successfully using a fibreoptic bronchoscope. Orotracheal intubation was successful in all patients in Group 2 using the Trachlight™ with a mean (± SD) time-to-intubation of 19.7 ± 13.5 sec. Apart from minor mucosal bleeding (mostly from nasal intubation), no serious complications were observed in any of the study patients. With proper preparation, this study has demonstrated that Trachlight™ is an effective and safe device to intubate the tracheas of elective surgical patients with a history of difficult airway in experienced hands.RésuméLe mandrin lumineux est utilisé pour faciliter l’intubation de la trachée depuis plusieurs années. Un nouveau mandrin lumineux (Trachlight™) avec une source lumineuse plus intense et un stylet flexible permet l’intubation orale et nasale à la lumière ambiante. Cette étude porte sur l’efficacité du Trachlight™ pour l’intubation trachéale de patients à voies aériennes difficiles d’accès. Deux groupes de patients sont étudiés: le groupe 1 est constitué de patients dont les antécédents d’intubation difficile sont documentés ou chez qui on anticipe un accès difficile aux voies aériennes; le groupe 2 comprend des patients dont l’intubation par laryngoscope a échoué inopinément. Dans le groupe 1, la trachée est intubée avec le Trachlight™ alors que le patient est éveillé ou complètement anesthésié. Dans le groupe 2, la trachée est intubée sous anesthésie générale avec le Trachlight™. Le temps requis pour l’intubation, le nombre de tentatives, les échecs et les complications survenant pendant l’intubation sont notés chez tous les patients. Deux cent soixante-cinq patients sont inclus dans l’étude, dont 206 dans le groupe 1 et 59 dans le groupe 2. Pour la plupart des patients du groupe 1, la trachée est intubée par la voie orale (183 vs 23 par le nez) pendant une anesthésie générale (202 vs 4 éveillés). L’intubation réussit dans tous les cas à l’exception de deux. La moyenne (± ET) pour la durée de l’intubation est de 25,7 ± 20,1 sec (de 4 à 120 sec). En ce qui concerne les deux échecs, l’intubation est réussie plus tard grâce à la fibroscopie. L’intubation orotrachéale est réussie chez tous les patients du groupe 2 avec le Trachlight™ et la moyenne pour la durée de l’intubation est de 19,7 ± 13,5 sec. A l’exception de saignements muqueux légers (causés surtout par l’intubation nasale), on n’observe pas de complications graves parmi les patients de cette étude. Avec une préparation appropriée, cette étude montre que le Trachlight™ constitue, pour des personnes d’expérience, un outil efficace et sûr pour intuber la trachée de patients programmés qui possèdent des voies aériennes d’accès difficile.


Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia-journal Canadien D Anesthesie | 2013

The difficult airway with recommendations for management – Part 1 – Difficult tracheal intubation encountered in an unconscious/induced patient

J. Adam Law; Natasha Broemling; Richard M. Cooper; Pierre Drolet; Laura V. Duggan; Donald E. Griesdale; Orlando Hung; Philip M. Jones; George Kovacs; Simon Massey; Ian R. Morris; Timothy Mullen; Michael F. Murphy; Roanne Preston; Viren N. Naik; Jeanette Scott; Shean Stacey; David T. Wong

AbstractBackgroundPreviously active in the mid-1990s, the Canadian Airway Focus Group (CAFG) studied the unanticipated difficult airway and made recommendations on management in a 1998 publication. The CAFG has since reconvened to examine more recent scientific literature on airway management. The Focus Group’s mandate for this article was to arrive at updated practice recommendations for management of the unconscious/induced patient in whom difficult or failed tracheal intubation is encountered. MethodsNineteen clinicians with backgrounds in anesthesia, emergency medicine, and intensive care joined this iteration of the CAFG. Each member was assigned topics and conducted reviews of Medline, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases. Results were presented and discussed during multiple teleconferences and two face-to-face meetings. When appropriate, evidence- or consensus-based recommendations were made together with assigned levels of evidence modelled after previously published criteria.ConclusionsThe clinician must be aware of the potential for harm to the patient that can occur with multiple attempts at tracheal intubation. This likelihood can be minimized by moving early from an unsuccessful primary intubation technique to an alternative “Plan B” technique if oxygenation by face mask or ventilation using a supraglottic device is non-problematic. Irrespective of the technique(s) used, failure to achieve successful tracheal intubation in a maximum of three attempts defines failed tracheal intubation and signals the need to engage an exit strategy. Failure to oxygenate by face mask or supraglottic device ventilation occurring in conjunction with failed tracheal intubation defines a failed oxygenation, “cannot intubate, cannot oxygenate” situation. Cricothyrotomy must then be undertaken without delay, although if not already tried, an expedited and concurrent attempt can be made to place a supraglottic device.RésuméContexteActif au milieu des années 1990, le Canadian Airway Focus Group (CAFG), un groupe dédié à l’étude des difficultés imprévues dans la prise en charge des voies aériennes, a émis des recommandations sur ce sujet dans une publication datant de 1998. Le CAFG s’est réuni à nouveau pour passer en revue la littérature scientifique récente concernant la prise en charge des voies aériennes. Dans cet article, le CAFG s’est donné pour mission d’émettre des recommandations visant la prise en charge du patient inconscient ou anesthésié qui présente des difficultés d’intubation significatives.MéthodeDix-neuf cliniciens ayant une formation en anesthésie, en médecine d’urgence ou en soins intensifs composent le CAFG actuel. Les participants ont passé en revue des sujets précis en consultant les bases de données Medline, EMBASE et Cochrane. Les résultats de ces revues ont été présentés et discutés dans le cadre de téléconférences et de deux réunions en personne. Lorsqu’indiqué, des recommandations fondées sur des données probantes ou sur un consensus ont été émises. Le niveau de confiance attribué à ces recommandations a aussi été défini.ConclusionLe clinicien doit avoir conscience des lésions qu’il peut infliger lors de tentatives multiples d’intubation trachéale. Il est possible d’éviter de telles lésions en abandonnant rapidement une technique d’intubation infructueuse afin d’opter pour une méthode alternative (ou ‘plan B’) à condition que l’oxygénation par masque facial ou par l’utilisation d’un dispositif supraglottique s’avère possible. Nonobstant la ou les techniques choisies, un maximum de trois tentatives infructueuses mène à la conclusion qu’il s’agit d’un échec d’intubation et devrait inciter le clinicien à adopter une stratégie de retrait. Une situation dans laquelle il est impossible de procéder à l’oxygénation du patient à l’aide d’un masque facial, d’un dispositif supraglottique ou de l’intubation endotrachéale est qualifiée de scénario cannot intubate, cannot ventilate. Il est alors impératif de procéder sans délai à une cricothyrotomie, à moins que l’insertion d’un dispositif supraglottique n’ait été tentée. Celle-ci peut alors être effectuée rapidement et parallèlement à la réalisation de la cricothyrotomie.


Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia-journal Canadien D Anesthesie | 2013

The difficult airway with recommendations for management – Part 2 – The anticipated difficult airway

J. Adam Law; Natasha Broemling; Richard M. Cooper; Pierre Drolet; Laura V. Duggan; Donald E. Griesdale; Orlando Hung; Philip M. Jones; George Kovacs; Simon Massey; Ian R. Morris; Timothy Mullen; Michael F. Murphy; Roanne Preston; Viren N. Naik; Jeanette Scott; Shean Stacey; David T. Wong

BackgroundAppropriate planning is crucial to avoid morbidity and mortality when difficulty is anticipated with airway management. Many guidelines developed by national societies have focused on management of difficulty encountered in the unconscious patient; however, little guidance appears in the literature on how best to approach the patient with an anticipated difficult airway.MethodsTo review this and other subjects, the Canadian Airway Focus Group (CAFG) was re-formed. With representation from anesthesiology, emergency medicine, and critical care, CAFG members were assigned topics for review. As literature reviews were completed, results were presented and discussed during teleconferences and two face-to-face meetings. When appropriate, evidence- or consensus-based recommendations were made, and levels of evidence were assigned.Principal findingsPreviously published predictors of difficult direct laryngoscopy are widely known. More recent studies report predictors of difficult face mask ventilation, video laryngoscopy, use of a supraglottic device, and cricothyrotomy. All are important facets of a complete airway evaluation and must be considered when difficulty is anticipated with airway management. Many studies now document the increasing patient morbidity that occurs with multiple attempts at tracheal intubation. Therefore, when difficulty is anticipated, tracheal intubation after induction of general anesthesia should be considered only when success with the chosen device(s) can be predicted in a maximum of three attempts. Concomitant predicted difficulty using oxygenation by face mask or supraglottic device ventilation as a fallback makes an awake approach advisable. Contextual issues, such as patient cooperation, availability of additional skilled help, and the clinician’s experience, must also be considered in deciding the appropriate strategy.ConclusionsWith an appropriate airway evaluation and consideration of relevant contextual issues, a rational decision can be made on whether an awake approach to tracheal intubation will maximize patient safety or if airway management can safely proceed after induction of general anesthesia. With predicted difficulty, close attention should be paid to details of implementing the chosen approach. This should include having a plan in case of the failure of tracheal intubation or patient oxygenation.RésuméContexteUne planification adaptée est essentielle afin d’éviter la morbidité et la mortalité lorsqu’on prévoit des difficultés dans la prise en charge des voies aériennes. De nombreuses recommandations émises par des sociétés nationales mettent l’emphase sur la gestion des difficultés rencontrées chez le patient inconscient. Toutefois, il n’existe dans la littérature que peu de suggestions sur la façon d’approcher le patient chez qui les difficultés sont prévisibles.MéthodeAfin de passer en revue ce sujet et d’autres, le Canadian Airway Focus Group (CAFG), un groupe dédié à l’étude de la prise en charge des voies aériennes, a été reformé. Les membres du CAFG représentent diverses spécialités soit l’anesthésiologie, la médecine d’urgence et les soins intensifs. Chaque participant avait pour mission de passer en revue des sujets précis. Les résultats de ces revues ont été présentés et discutés dans le cadre de téléconférences et de deux réunions en personne. Lorsqu’indiqué, des recommandations fondées sur des données probantes ou sur un consensus ont été émises. Le niveau de confiance attribué à ces recommandations a aussi été défini.Constatations principalesPlusieurs éléments permettant de prédire la laryngoscopie directe difficile sont connus. Des études plus récentes décrivent aussi les éléments permettant d’anticiper des difficultés lors de la ventilation au masque facial, de la vidéolaryngoscopie, de l’utilisation d’un dispositif supraglottique ou de la réalisation d’une cricothyrotomie. Tous ces éléments doivent être pris en compte lors de l’évaluation du patient chez qui des difficultés sont anticipées lors de la prise en charge des voies aériennes. De nombreuses études rapportent une morbidité accrue liée à des tentatives multiples d’intubation trachéale. Planifier de procéder à l’intubation trachéale après l’induction de l’anesthésie générale n’est donc recommandé que pour les patients chez qui la ou les techniques prévues ne nécessiteront pas plus de trois tentatives. Il est recommandé de prioriser d’emblée une approche vigile dans les cas où des difficultés reliées à l’utilisation du masque facial ou d’un dispositif supraglottique sont prévues. L’établissement d’une stratégie de prise en charge doit tenir compte d’éléments contextuels telles la collaboration du patient, la disponibilité d’aide supplémentaire et de personnel qualifié, et l’expérience du clinicien.ConclusionUne évaluation adaptée des voies aériennes ainsi que les éléments contextuels propres à chaque situation sont les bases qui permettent de déterminer de manière rationnelle si l’intubation trachéale vigile est apte à optimiser la sécurité du patient, ou si la prise en charge des voies aériennes peut être réalisée de manière sécuritaire après l’induction de l’anesthésie générale. Lorsqu’on prévoit des difficultés, une attention particulière doit être portée aux détails nécessaires au succès de l’approche envisagée. De plus, il convient d’avoir un plan en cas d’échec de l’intubation trachéale ou si l’oxygénation du patient s’avérait difficile.


Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia-journal Canadien D Anesthesie | 2002

Cricoarytenoid arthritis: a cause of acute upper airway obstruction in rheumatoid arthritis.

Jacelyn M. Kolman; Ian R. Morris

PurposeTo report acute upper airway obstruction due to cricoarytenoid arthritis, a well known but uncommon complication of rheumatoid arthritis.Clinical featuresWe report the case of a 70-yr-old female scheduled for a colostomy who had been suffering from rheumatoid arthritis for 17 years. Preoperative history and physical examination revealed no cardiopulmonary compromise. Anesthesia was induced while an assistant immobilized the cervical spine and an atraumatic intubation was performed. Surgery was uneventful. Muscle paralysis was reversed, demonstrated by normalization of the train-of-four response, and the patient was extubated awake. Shortly postextubation, the patient developed inspiratory stridor, which disappeared after a second dose of neostigmine. The patient was transported to the postanesthesia care unit. Just prior to arrival the patient once again developed inspiratory stridor, became distressed, and oxygen saturation decreased. Direct laryngoscopy followed by a nasal fibreoptic examination of the larynx was performed. Cricoarytenoid arthritis secondary to rheumatoid arthritis with airway compromise was diagnosed. An uneventful awake tracheostomy was performed. The patient was discharged on day ten with a colostomy and a tracheostomy in place. One month postdischarge the patient’s trachea was decannulated. On follow-up, a normal voice and mobile cords were observed.ConclusionCricoarytenoid arthritis is an infrequent complication of rheumatoid arthritis. Athorough history and physical examination are necessary to recognize signs and symptoms of cricoarytenoid arthritis. Prompt recognition of airway obstruction due to cricoarytenoid arthritis is essential for appropriate management.RésuméObjectifPrésenter un cas d’obstruction des voies respiratoires supérieures provoquée par l’arthrite crico-aryténoïdienne, une complication rare, mais bien connue, de l’arthrite rhumatoïde.Éléments cliniquesIl s’agit d’une femme de 70 ans, souffrant d’arthrite rhumatoïde depuis 17ans, qui devait subir une colostomie. Lanamnèse préopératoire et l’examen physique n’ont révélé aucune atteinte cardiopulmonaire. Lanesthésie a été induite pendant l’immobilisation de la colonne cervicale par un assistant, puis l’intubation atraumatique a été réalisée, L’intervention chirurgicale s’est bien déroulée. La paralysie musculaire a été renversée, prouvée par la normalisation de la réponse en trainde-quatre, et l’extubation vigile a été pratiquée. Peu après, un stridor s’est développé et a disparu à la suite d’une seconde dose de néostigmine. La patiente a été transportée à la salle de réveil. Juste avant l’arrivée, le stridor est apparu de nouveau, accompagné de détresse et d’une baisse de la saturation en oxygène. On a procédé à une laryngoscope directe suivie d’un examen fibroscopique nasal du larynx. Larthrite cricoaryténoïdienne secondaire à l’arthrite rhumatoïde, avec obstruction des voies respiratoires, a été diagnostiquée. Une trachéotomie vigile a été faite, sans incident. La patiente a quitté l’hôpital au dixième jour avec une colostomie et une trachéostomie en place. La canule trachéale a été enlevée un mois après. La voix était normale et les cordes vocales mobiles lors du suivi.ConclusionL’arthrite cricoaryténoïdienne est une complication rare de l’arthrite rhumatoïde. Une anamnèse fouillée et un examen minutieux sont nécessaires pour en reconnaître les signes et les symptômes. Le diagnostic rapide d’obstruction des voies aériennes causée par l’arthrite cricoaryténoïdienne est essentiel au traitement approprié.


Anesthesia & Analgesia | 2016

Airway Assessment Before Intervention: What We Know and What We Do.

Orlando Hung; J. Adam Law; Ian R. Morris; Michael Murphy

1752 www.anesthesia-analgesia.org June 2016 • Volume 122 • Number 6 Copyright


Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia-journal Canadien D Anesthesie | 2017

Obstructing pathology of the upper airway in a post-NAP4 world: time to wake up to its optimal management

J. Adam Law; Ian R. Morris; Gemma Malpas

Patients with obstructing airway pathology (OAP) requiring airway management are amongst the most challenging of cases. They are also substantially overrepresented in large-scale studies of morbidity and mortality related to airway management. The 4 National Audit Project (NAP4) published in the United Kingdom in 2011 comprised data from September 2008 to August 2009 on airway-related death, brain damage, need for emergency surgical airway, and admission to or prolonged stay in the intensive care unit. Seventy-two (39%) of the 184 reported cases occurred in patients with an acute or chronic disease process in the head, neck, or trachea, and 70% of these cases involved OAP. A decade earlier, a key message from the 1997 National Confidential Enquiry on Perioperative Deaths (NCEPOD) in the UK (reporting from April 1996 to March 1997) stated that ‘‘the management of the obstructed airway gave cause for concern’’. Why the apparent overrepresentation of morbidity relating to the management of OAP, and why the continued occurrence of the same issues from one decade to the next? Will any improvement occur a decade after NAP4? Following their analysis of the submitted cases, the authors of the NAP4 chapter on head and neck pathology identified areas where management was suboptimal, as did the previous NCEPOD. This editorial reviews opportunities for improvement in airway management— i.e., evaluation, decision-making, and implementation, for the patient presenting with OAP.


Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia-journal Canadien D Anesthesie | 2016

In reply: No reduction in fibreoptic intubation rates with universal video laryngoscopy

J. Adam Law; Andrew D. Milne; Ian R. Morris

To the Editor, We thank Drs. Thomas, Kelly, and Cook for their interest in our publication and for sharing their experience. As they point out, in spite of a significant increase in the rate of using video laryngoscopy (VL) at our institution over the studied time period of 2002-2013, we use VL to facilitate only a small percentage of tracheal intubations (810% from 2012 to 2013). Granted, that figure rises slightly to 10-12% when other alternatives to direct laryngoscopy, e.g., lighted stylet, are also considered. We continue to use VL chiefly for anticipated or known situations of difficult direct laryngoscopy or for teaching purposes. It was interesting to learn that Dr. Thomas et al. reported an overall incidence of awake tracheal intubation (about 1%) which is similar to ours. We look forward to a report from Dr. Thomas et al. some years hence that will clarify whether their universal use of VL has had an impact on the incidence of awake tracheal intubation over a longer time period, or, as with our results, the need for awake tracheal intubation appears to remain relatively fixed.


Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia-journal Canadien D Anesthesie | 2015

The complications of awake tracheal intubation

J. Adam Law; Ian R. Morris; Andrew D. Milne

We sincerely thank Dr. Benumof for his interest in our article on the incidence, success rate, and complications of awake tracheal intubation and particularly for his editorial commentary. In 1,554 awake intubations occurring over the 12 years from 2002 to 2013, we reported a year-overyear incidence of awake intubation which was surprisingly unchanged, together with a success rate of 98%. We respectfully wish to clarify that the self-reported complication rate of awake intubation was 15.7%, not the 2% quoted in Dr. Benumof’s editorial. Indeed, as complications were self-reported in this retrospective study, the actual rate could have been even higher. Notwithstanding, as Dr. Benumof points out, it is likely that few of the 239 complications (e.g., an advancing endotracheal tube getting hung up on the larynx or encountering blood or secretions in the oropharynx) were especially clinically significant. As also emphasized by Dr. Benumof, close attention to the effective application of airway anesthesia and the judicious use of intravenous agents may help mitigate the risk of complications and failure of awake intubation.


Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia-journal Canadien D Anesthesie | 2015

The incidence, success rate, and complications of awake tracheal intubation in 1,554 patients over 12 years: an historical cohort study

J. Adam Law; Ian R. Morris; Paul Brousseau; Sylvia de la Ronde; Andrew D. Milne

Collaboration


Dive into the Ian R. Morris's collaboration.

Top Co-Authors

Avatar
Top Co-Authors

Avatar
Top Co-Authors

Avatar
Top Co-Authors

Avatar
Top Co-Authors

Avatar
Top Co-Authors

Avatar

David T. Wong

University Health Network

View shared research outputs
Top Co-Authors

Avatar

Donald E. Griesdale

University of British Columbia

View shared research outputs
Top Co-Authors

Avatar

Laura V. Duggan

University of British Columbia

View shared research outputs
Top Co-Authors

Avatar

Natasha Broemling

University of British Columbia

View shared research outputs
Researchain Logo
Decentralizing Knowledge