Pamela Roberta Gomes Gonelli

Efeitos do treinamento de resistência de força com alto número de repetições no consumo máximo de oxigênio e limiar ventilatório de mulheres

The effects of strength training on womens cardiorespiratory capacity have not been widely established. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of resistance strength training with high number of repetitions on maximum oxygen uptake and ventilatory threshold in young women during 12 weeks. Twenty women, aged 21.2 + 2.7 years, were included in the study and assigned to two groups: I - resistance strength training with high number of repetitions group (TG, n = 10), and II - control group (CG, n = 10). All volunteers were submitted to the following protocol: anthropometry, cardiopulmonary testing on treadmill and 1 RM tests in the following exercises: leg-press 45o, seated leg extension, hamstring curl, bench press, lat pull-down, military press, standing barbell curls and lying barbell extension. The tests were performed before and after 12 weeks of training. Along the proposed period, the groups performed: I -TG: resistance exercises, the same of 1 RM tests, with three series of 25 repetitions, almost 30% of 1 RM; II - CG: no physical training whatsoever. CG did not show changes in the studied variables (p 0.05) after 12 weeks. It is concluded that the resistance strength training with high number of repetitions improved the aerobic power of volunteers, evidenced by the increase of maximum oxygen uptake. However, the ventilatory threshold did not change.

The Effect Of Local Muscle Endurance Training on Cardiorespiratory Capacity in Young Women

Cesar, MC, Borin, JP, Gonelli, PRG, Simões, RA, Souza, TMF, and Montebelo, MIL. The effect of local muscle endurance training on cardiorespiratory capacity in young women. J Strength Cond Res 23(6): 1637-1643, 2009-The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of local muscle endurance training on maximal oxygen uptake and ventilatory threshold in young women. Nineteen untrained women, ranging in age from 18 to 26 years, were included in the study and assigned to two groups: the control group (n = 10), and the resistance training group (n = 9). The following variables were obtained at baseline and after 12 weeks: body mass; maximal oxygen uptake, maximal heart rate, maximal oxygen pulse, oxygen uptake at the ventilatory threshold, heart rate at the ventilatory threshold, and oxygen pulse at the ventilatory threshold assessed by cardiopulmonary exercise testing on treadmill; 1-repetition maximum (RM) tests in bench press, latissimus pull down, military press, lying barbell extension, standing barbell curls, leg press, knee extension, and hamstring curl. The training group underwent resistance strength training. Loading during training followed the concept of maximum repetitions. Each session was defined as the performance of three sets of 15RM with a 60-second rest between sets and exercises. No significant changes were observed in the control group before and after 12 weeks (p > 0.05). All 1RM tests increased after training (p ≤ 0.01) in the training group, but no significant change was observed in body mass (p > 0.05). Cardiopulmonary variables showed no significant differences before and after resistance training (p > 0.05). These findings indicate that the local muscle endurance training realized produces no improvement in cardiorespiratory capacity in young women.

Effects of the neuromuscular training in the cardiorespiratory fitness and body composition of female volleyball athletes

As respostas do organismo humano submetido a estimulos diversos, mensuradas atraves de parâmetros de performance, tem sido objeto de estudo a fim de aprimorar os metodos de treinamento. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar os efeitos do treinamento neuromuscular na capacidade cardiorrespiratoria e composicao corporal de atletas de voleibol. Foram avaliadas 11 mulheres, antes e apos 12 semanas de treinamento, referente a fase preparatoria do ciclo anual de treinamento. O protocolo experimental constou de avaliacao da composicao corporal (percentual de gordura, massa magra e a gordura corporal) e da aptidao cardiorrespiratoria por meio de ergoespirometria em esteira rolante com protocolo continuo e carga crescente, na qual se determinaram o consumo maximo de oxigenio, a frequencia cardiaca maxima, o limiar anaerobio, a frequencia cardiaca do limiar anaerobio e a velocidade do limiar anaerobio. O treinamento teve frequencia de cinco dias por semana dividido em duas sessoes: uma de treinamento de forca e outra de treinamento tecnico e tatico. Apos o periodo estudado ocorreram aumentos (p < 0,05) no consumo maximo de oxigenio (6,5%), no limiar anaerobio (17,5%), na velocidade do limiar (15,3%) e reducao (p < 0,05) na frequencia cardiaca maxima (-3,1%). Tambem houve reducao (p < 0,05) no percentual de gordura (-8,2%), na gordura corporal (-7,4%) e aumento (p < 0,05) na massa magra (3,2%). Conclui-se que o treinamento neuromuscular realizado na fase preparatoria de treinamento contribuiu para o aumento da capacidade cardiorrespiratoria e massa magra e para reducao do percentual de gordura e a gordura corporal das atletas de voleibol.

EFFECT OF PRE-SEASON PERFORMANCE IN FEMALE SOCCER ATHLETES

Introducao: O treinamento fisico periodico proporciona melhorias das capacidades biomotoras, como por exemplo, os sprints repetidos. Objetivo: O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos do treinamento fisico na composicao corporal e em sprints repetidos em atletas de futebol feminino profissional. Metodos: Integraram o estudo oito jogadoras de futebol (idade: 23,1 ± 1,9 anos; estatura: 168,9 ± 7,8 cm; massa corporal: 64,1 ± 9,8 kg; % de gordura: 17,7 ± 4,8) participantes do Campeonato Paulista de Futebol Feminino de 2014. As avaliacoes (composicao corporal e sprints repetidos) foram realizadas antes (M1) e apos (M2) sete semanas de treinamento, com 57 sessoes de treinamento e tres jogos treino. O programa de treinamento consistiu em resistencia aerobica e anaerobica, forca maxima, velocidade e resistencia de forca. O teste de Shapiro-Wilk foi utilizado para verificar a normalidade dos dados; para comparar os momentos M1 e M2 aplicou-se o teste t de Student para os dados parametricos e o teste de Wilcoxon para os dados nao parametricos, nivel de significância de P<0,05. Resultados: Nao houve alteracoes significativas na composicao corporal. Houve diminuicao significativa no melhor (M1 = 5,68 ± 0,32 s, M2 = 5,36 ± 0,21 s); no pior (M1 = 6,76 ± 0,25 s, M2 = 6,35 ± 0,16 s) e na media (M1 = 6,22 ± 0,28 s, M2 = 5,90 ± 0,24 s) do tempo dos sprints. Conclusao: O treinamento fisico periodico, contemplando as capacidades de resistencia aerobica, anaerobica, forca maxima e velocidade, potencializou o desempenho em sprints repetidos, mesmo nao alterando a composicao corporal.introduction: periodic physical training, such as repeated sprints, provides improvements in biomotor capacity. objective: this study aimed to evaluate the effects of exercise training on body composition and repeated sprints in professional female soccer players. methods: Eight soccer players (age: 23.1±1.9 years; height: 168.9±7.8 cm; body mass: 64.1± 9.8 kg; fat %: 17.7±4.8) took part in the study, all participants of the 2014 paulista Women’s soccer championship. the evaluations (body composition and repeated sprints) were performed before (m1) and after (m2) seven weeks of training (57 training sessions and three training games). the training program consisted of aerobic and anaerobic endurance, maximum strength, speed, strength endurance. the shapiro-Wilk test was used to verify the normality of the data; student’s t test was used for parametric data to compare m1 with m2, and the Wilcoxon test for nonparametric data. the level of significance was p<0.05. results: there were no significant changes in body composition. there was a significant decrease in the best (m1 = 5.68 ± 0.32 sec, m2 = 5.36±0.21 sec), the worst (m1 = 6.76± 0.25 sec, m2 = 6.35±0.16 sec), and average (m1 = 6.22±0.28 sec, m2 = 5.90±0.24 sec) time of sprints. conclusion: periodic physical training, considering the aerobic and anaerobic endurance capabilities, maximum strength and speed, enhanced the performance of repeated sprints, but did not alter body composition.

EFEITO DA PRÉ-TEMPORADA NO DESEMPENHO DE ATLETAS DE FUTEBOL FEMININO

Introducao: O treinamento fisico periodico proporciona melhorias das capacidades biomotoras, como por exemplo, os sprints repetidos. Objetivo: O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos do treinamento fisico na composicao corporal e em sprints repetidos em atletas de futebol feminino profissional. Metodos: Integraram o estudo oito jogadoras de futebol (idade: 23,1 ± 1,9 anos; estatura: 168,9 ± 7,8 cm; massa corporal: 64,1 ± 9,8 kg; % de gordura: 17,7 ± 4,8) participantes do Campeonato Paulista de Futebol Feminino de 2014. As avaliacoes (composicao corporal e sprints repetidos) foram realizadas antes (M1) e apos (M2) sete semanas de treinamento, com 57 sessoes de treinamento e tres jogos treino. O programa de treinamento consistiu em resistencia aerobica e anaerobica, forca maxima, velocidade e resistencia de forca. O teste de Shapiro-Wilk foi utilizado para verificar a normalidade dos dados; para comparar os momentos M1 e M2 aplicou-se o teste t de Student para os dados parametricos e o teste de Wilcoxon para os dados nao parametricos, nivel de significância de P<0,05. Resultados: Nao houve alteracoes significativas na composicao corporal. Houve diminuicao significativa no melhor (M1 = 5,68 ± 0,32 s, M2 = 5,36 ± 0,21 s); no pior (M1 = 6,76 ± 0,25 s, M2 = 6,35 ± 0,16 s) e na media (M1 = 6,22 ± 0,28 s, M2 = 5,90 ± 0,24 s) do tempo dos sprints. Conclusao: O treinamento fisico periodico, contemplando as capacidades de resistencia aerobica, anaerobica, forca maxima e velocidade, potencializou o desempenho em sprints repetidos, mesmo nao alterando a composicao corporal.introduction: periodic physical training, such as repeated sprints, provides improvements in biomotor capacity. objective: this study aimed to evaluate the effects of exercise training on body composition and repeated sprints in professional female soccer players. methods: Eight soccer players (age: 23.1±1.9 years; height: 168.9±7.8 cm; body mass: 64.1± 9.8 kg; fat %: 17.7±4.8) took part in the study, all participants of the 2014 paulista Women’s soccer championship. the evaluations (body composition and repeated sprints) were performed before (m1) and after (m2) seven weeks of training (57 training sessions and three training games). the training program consisted of aerobic and anaerobic endurance, maximum strength, speed, strength endurance. the shapiro-Wilk test was used to verify the normality of the data; student’s t test was used for parametric data to compare m1 with m2, and the Wilcoxon test for nonparametric data. the level of significance was p<0.05. results: there were no significant changes in body composition. there was a significant decrease in the best (m1 = 5.68 ± 0.32 sec, m2 = 5.36±0.21 sec), the worst (m1 = 6.76± 0.25 sec, m2 = 6.35±0.16 sec), and average (m1 = 6.22±0.28 sec, m2 = 5.90±0.24 sec) time of sprints. conclusion: periodic physical training, considering the aerobic and anaerobic endurance capabilities, maximum strength and speed, enhanced the performance of repeated sprints, but did not alter body composition.

EFECTO DE LA PRETEMPORADA EN EL RENDIMIENTO DE LOS JUGADORES DE FÚTBOL FEMENINO

Introducao: O treinamento fisico periodico proporciona melhorias das capacidades biomotoras, como por exemplo, os sprints repetidos. Objetivo: O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos do treinamento fisico na composicao corporal e em sprints repetidos em atletas de futebol feminino profissional. Metodos: Integraram o estudo oito jogadoras de futebol (idade: 23,1 ± 1,9 anos; estatura: 168,9 ± 7,8 cm; massa corporal: 64,1 ± 9,8 kg; % de gordura: 17,7 ± 4,8) participantes do Campeonato Paulista de Futebol Feminino de 2014. As avaliacoes (composicao corporal e sprints repetidos) foram realizadas antes (M1) e apos (M2) sete semanas de treinamento, com 57 sessoes de treinamento e tres jogos treino. O programa de treinamento consistiu em resistencia aerobica e anaerobica, forca maxima, velocidade e resistencia de forca. O teste de Shapiro-Wilk foi utilizado para verificar a normalidade dos dados; para comparar os momentos M1 e M2 aplicou-se o teste t de Student para os dados parametricos e o teste de Wilcoxon para os dados nao parametricos, nivel de significância de P<0,05. Resultados: Nao houve alteracoes significativas na composicao corporal. Houve diminuicao significativa no melhor (M1 = 5,68 ± 0,32 s, M2 = 5,36 ± 0,21 s); no pior (M1 = 6,76 ± 0,25 s, M2 = 6,35 ± 0,16 s) e na media (M1 = 6,22 ± 0,28 s, M2 = 5,90 ± 0,24 s) do tempo dos sprints. Conclusao: O treinamento fisico periodico, contemplando as capacidades de resistencia aerobica, anaerobica, forca maxima e velocidade, potencializou o desempenho em sprints repetidos, mesmo nao alterando a composicao corporal.introduction: periodic physical training, such as repeated sprints, provides improvements in biomotor capacity. objective: this study aimed to evaluate the effects of exercise training on body composition and repeated sprints in professional female soccer players. methods: Eight soccer players (age: 23.1±1.9 years; height: 168.9±7.8 cm; body mass: 64.1± 9.8 kg; fat %: 17.7±4.8) took part in the study, all participants of the 2014 paulista Women’s soccer championship. the evaluations (body composition and repeated sprints) were performed before (m1) and after (m2) seven weeks of training (57 training sessions and three training games). the training program consisted of aerobic and anaerobic endurance, maximum strength, speed, strength endurance. the shapiro-Wilk test was used to verify the normality of the data; student’s t test was used for parametric data to compare m1 with m2, and the Wilcoxon test for nonparametric data. the level of significance was p<0.05. results: there were no significant changes in body composition. there was a significant decrease in the best (m1 = 5.68 ± 0.32 sec, m2 = 5.36±0.21 sec), the worst (m1 = 6.76± 0.25 sec, m2 = 6.35±0.16 sec), and average (m1 = 6.22±0.28 sec, m2 = 5.90±0.24 sec) time of sprints. conclusion: periodic physical training, considering the aerobic and anaerobic endurance capabilities, maximum strength and speed, enhanced the performance of repeated sprints, but did not alter body composition.

Análise comparativa da flexibilidade de mulheres idosas ativas e não ativas

1 Physical educator, Master’s in Physical Education, Universidade Metodista de Piracicaba UNIMEP. 2 Physical educator, Professor at the Universidade Metodista de Piracicaba UNIMEP. 3 Physical educator, Specialist in Sports Marketing. 4 Physiotherapist, Professor at the Universidade Metodista de Piracicaba UNIMEP. 5 Mathematician and Educator, Professor at the Universidade Metodista de Piracicaba UNIMEP. 6 Physician, Professor at the Post-graduate program for Human Movement Sciences, Universidade Metodista de Piracicaba UNIMEP.Com o envelhecimento ocorre um declinio na aptidao fisica, uma variavel muito atingida e a flexibilidade, e a pratica de exercicios fisicos pelos idosos e um importante fator para a manutencao da saude e aptidao fisica no decorrer do processo de envelhecimento. Objetivo: Comparar a flexibilidade de mulheres idosas praticantes hidroginastica, treinamento combinado e nao ativas. Participaram 60 voluntarias, idade entre 60 e 80 anos, agrupadas em: ativas praticantes de hidroginastica (G1) 20 voluntarias; ativas praticantes de treinamento combinado (G2) 20 voluntarias; nao ativas (G3) 20 voluntarias. Metodos: As voluntarias foram submetidas a avaliacao antropometrica com medidas de massa corporal, estatura e circunferencia da cintura e da flexibilidade com medidas da distância alcancada no teste de sentar e alcancar e da amplitude da flexao e extensao do quadril atraves do goniometro. Foram verificados os pressupostos de normalidade por meio do teste de Shapiro-Wilk, para a comparacao entre os grupos (G1, G2, G3) foram realizados o teste Anova one way, seguido do post hoc de Tukey para os dados com distribuicao parametrica, e o teste de Friedman para amostras com distribuicao nao parametrica. Aplicou-se o nivel de significância de p < 0,05. Resultados: Nas variaveis antropometricas nao foram encontradas diferencas significativas entre grupos. Na flexibilidade, foi encontrada diferenca significativa na flexao e na extensao de quadril, os grupos G1 e G2 apresentaram maiores valores que o G3, nao houve diferenca significativa entre G1 e G2, nao existindo outras diferencas significativas entre os grupos. Conclusao: Os resultados sugerem que os treinamentos de hidroginastica e combinado proporcionaram melhora na flexao e extensao do quadril das mulheres idosas, sem influencia nas outras variaveis estudadas.

CARGA PARA A APLICAÇÃO DE TESTES DE 1-RM EM EXERCÍCIOS DE MEMBROS SUPERIORES EM MULHERES JOVENS TREINADAS E NÃO TREINADAS

The purpose of this study was to propose reference values to application of the 1-Rm tests in young women trained and untrained. 90 women, 18-31 years, grouped into: 43 Trained (GT) and 47 Untrained (GNT) were submitted to 1-Rm tests in the following exercises: bench press, shoulder press, biceps curl and lying triceps ex- tension. GT showed higher values than GNT in absolute and relative terms: bench press (GT = 36.44 kg/0.63 and GNT = 27.34 kg/0.46), shoulder press (GT = 27.93 kg/0.49 and GNT = 22.70 kg/0.38), biceps curl (GT = 21.63 kg/0.37 and GNT = 15.57 kg/0.26) and lying triceps extension (GT = 18.09 kg/0.31 and GNT = 12.55 kg/0.21). The values found in this study can be used as references of load to application of 1-Rm tests.

Load to the application of 1-RM tests in upper limbs of young women trained and untrained

The purpose of this study was to propose reference values to application of the 1-Rm tests in young women trained and untrained. 90 women, 18-31 years, grouped into: 43 Trained (GT) and 47 Untrained (GNT) were submitted to 1-Rm tests in the following exercises: bench press, shoulder press, biceps curl and lying triceps ex- tension. GT showed higher values than GNT in absolute and relative terms: bench press (GT = 36.44 kg/0.63 and GNT = 27.34 kg/0.46), shoulder press (GT = 27.93 kg/0.49 and GNT = 22.70 kg/0.38), biceps curl (GT = 21.63 kg/0.37 and GNT = 15.57 kg/0.26) and lying triceps extension (GT = 18.09 kg/0.31 and GNT = 12.55 kg/0.21). The values found in this study can be used as references of load to application of 1-Rm tests.

Cargo por el uso de las pruebas de 1-RM en el miembro superior de las mujeres jóvenes entrenados y no entrenados

The purpose of this study was to propose reference values to application of the 1-Rm tests in young women trained and untrained. 90 women, 18-31 years, grouped into: 43 Trained (GT) and 47 Untrained (GNT) were submitted to 1-Rm tests in the following exercises: bench press, shoulder press, biceps curl and lying triceps ex- tension. GT showed higher values than GNT in absolute and relative terms: bench press (GT = 36.44 kg/0.63 and GNT = 27.34 kg/0.46), shoulder press (GT = 27.93 kg/0.49 and GNT = 22.70 kg/0.38), biceps curl (GT = 21.63 kg/0.37 and GNT = 15.57 kg/0.26) and lying triceps extension (GT = 18.09 kg/0.31 and GNT = 12.55 kg/0.21). The values found in this study can be used as references of load to application of 1-Rm tests.