Igor Podolsky
Russian Academy of Sciences
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Featured researches published by Igor Podolsky.
Journal of Plant Physiology | 2001
William F. Campbell; Frank B. Salisbury; Bruce Bugbee; Steven Klassen; Erin Naegle; Darren T. Strickland; Gail E. Bingham; Margarita Levinskikh; Galena M. Iljina; Tatjana D. Veselova; Vladimir N. Sytchev; Igor Podolsky; W. R. McManus; David L. Bubenheim; Joseph Stieber; Gary Jahns
To study plant growth in microgravity, we grew Super Dwarf wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in the Svet growth chamber onboard the orbiting Russian space station, Mir, and in identical ground control units at the Institute of BioMedical Problems in Moscow, Russia. Seedling emergence was 56% and 73% in the two root-module compartments on Mir and 75% and 90% on earth. Growth was vigorous (produced ca. 1 kg dry mass), and individual plants produced 5 to 8 tillers on Mir compared with 3 to 5 on earth-grown controls. Upon harvest in space and return to earth, however, all inflorescences of the flight-grown plants were sterile. To ascertain if Super Dwarf wheat responded to the 1.1 to 1.7 micromoles mol-1 atmospheric levels of ethylene measured on the Mir prior to and during flowering, plants on earth were exposed to 0, 1, 3, 10, and 20 micromoles mol-1 of ethylene gas and 1200 micromoles mol-1 CO2 from 7 d after emergence to maturity. As in our Mir wheat, plant height, awn length, and the flag leaf were significantly shorter in the ethylene-exposed plants than in controls; inflorescences also exhibited 100% sterility. Scanning-electron-microscopic (SEM) examination of florets from Mir-grown and ethylene-treated, earth-grown plants showed that development ceased prior to anthesis, and the anthers did not dehisce. Laser scanning confocal microscopic (LSCM) examination of pollen grains from Mir and ethylene-treated plants on earth exhibited zero, one, and occasionally two, but rarely three nuclei; pollen produced in the absence of ethylene was always trinucleate, the normal condition. The scarcity of trinucleate pollen, abrupt cessation of floret development prior to anthesis, and excess tillering in wheat plants on Mir and in ethylene-containing atmospheres on earth build a strong case for the ethylene on Mir as the agent for the induced male sterility and other symptoms, rather than microgravity.
international conference on evolvable systems | 2002
Gail E. Bingham; T. Shane Topham; John M. Mulholland; Igor Podolsky
Lada, named for the ancient Russian Goddess of Spring, is a plant growth system developed jointly by the Space Dynamics Laboratory and the Institute of Biomedical Problems for longterm deployment on the International Space Station. Lada uses design features and technology similar to the Svet greenhouse on the Mir orbital outpost, and will be launched to ISS in June 02. It is scheduled to support its first crop (a leafy vegetable – Mizuna [Brassica rapa var. nipposinica]) in October 02. Lada consists of four major components (a control module, two vegetation modules and a water tank) and is designed to be deployed on a cabin wall. This deployment scheme was chosen to provide the crew therapeutic viewing and easy access to the plants. The two independently controlled vegetation modules allow comparisons between two vegetation or substrate treatments. The vegetation modules consist of three sub-modules, a light bank, the leaf chamber, and a root module. The root module is 9 cm deep, and can be instrumented to allow a wide range of substrate water and oxygen diffusion experiments to be conducted during the plant growth experiments. Sensors available in Lada are similar to those provided by the Svet-GEMS system. Specific attention has been paid to the root zone sensor suite, which includes substrate moisture probes, minitensiometers, and substrate oxygen sensors. Experiments conducted in Lada will be associated with the Russian National Science program and will follow three themes: substrate management physics, plant production and quality, and crew – plant interaction studies. A unique feature of the Lada concept is that when the system is not being used for supported science experiments, it will be available to crew members to supplement their diet and to enhance flight enjoyment. Plans are in place to train all of the Russian crew members to use Lada. International cooperative experiments exploiting these unique features are now being developed.
international conference on evolvable systems | 2003
Scott B. Jones; Gail E. Bingham; T. Shane Topham; Dani Or; Igor Podolsky; Oleg Strugov
Note: SAE Technical Paper 2003-01-2612 Reference LASEP-CONF-2003-001 Record created on 2007-08-24, modified on 2016-08-08
41st International Conference on Environmental Systems | 2011
Mary Hummerick; Jay Garland; Gail E. Bingham; Ray Wheeler; Shane Topham; Vladimir Sychev; Igor Podolsky
The Lada Vegetable Production Unit (VPU), flight hardware currently deployed on the Russian module of the International Space Station (ISS), is being used to validate the food safety of fresh “space-grown” crops. The final objective of this project is the development of a hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP) plan for Lada grown crops to minimize potential microbial risks to the astronauts. Following FDA guidelines for the development of a HACCP plan, the identification of hazards and critical control points associated with the production of consumable crops grown in the Lada VPU and the establishment of preventative procedures to minimize risk were performed through the collection of baseline microbiological data and testing of pre and post harvest sanitization protocols. Microbiological data collected from both plant tissue and hardware (e.g., root modules) returned from a variety of crops grown on ISS and ground based experiments have been done to define normal microbial loads and understand the fate and survival of human associated pathogens in the Lada VPU. Protocols have been tested to determine the effectiveness of a sanitizer approved by the FDA and USDA (Pro-San) to achieve acceptable levels of microbes on VPU surfaces and vegetables. These data have been used to develop the HACCP plan outlined here for crops grown in a VPU designed for a space environment.
Human Physiology | 2011
Vladimir Sychev; Margarita Levinskikh; T. S. Gurieva; Igor Podolsky
A set of problems of biomedical support for humans in the extreme environment of a space flight is a challenge for space biology and medicine. Designing robust and efficiently functioning life support systems (LSS) is among these problems. The paper gives an overview of the experiments with manned ground-based biological LSS (BLSS) performed in Russia and abroad. The basic data on the photoautotrophic components of BLSS (higher plants) were obtained in a series of experiments conducted on board the orbital complex Mir for 630 days in total and in the Russian segment of the International Space Station (ISS) (a series of experiments with total duration of 820 days). Analysis of the results obtained on Earth and during the space flights leads to the conclusion that some BLSS components, e.g., greenhouses, can be integrated even now into the systems that are currently used for the life support of space crews.
Acta Astronautica | 2007
Vladimir Sychev; Margarita Levinskikh; Sergey A. Gostimsky; Gail E. Bingham; Igor Podolsky
Acta Astronautica | 2008
Vladimir Sychev; Margarita Levinskikh; Igor Podolsky
international conference on evolvable systems | 1996
Gail E. Bingham; Scott B. Jones; Igor Podolsky; Boris Yendler
international conference on evolvable systems | 2003
Gail E. Bingham; T. Shane Topham; Alex Taylor; Igor Podolsky; Margarita Levinskikh; Vladimir Sychev
international conference on evolvable systems | 1995
Boris Yendler; Gail E. Bingham; Scott B. Jones; Igor Podolsky