Iraides Ferreira Furusho Garcia

Qualidade da carne de cordeiros Santa Inês puros e mestiços com Texel abatidos com diferentes pesos

ABSTRACT - The objective of this study was analyze the colour, pH, weight loss by cooking (PPC) and shear force (FC) of the Longissimus dorsi (LD) and semimembranosus (SM) muscles of Santa Ines (SI x SI) and Texel x Santa Ines (T x SI) lambs, slaughteredat different live weights. Thirteen males and fourteen females were slaughtered at 15, 25, 35 and 45 of live weight. The carcasses werekept during twenty-four hours at 2 o C and during that time the pH was measured. A completely randomized design in a latin square (2x2x4)arrange for analyse of colour, PPC and FC was used. Split plot arranged was used for the pH values analysis. The decrease of pH ofboth muscles (LD and SM) was greater in the lighter animals. T x SI females meat showed higher pH values than SI x SI males lambs.The lightness values increased and darkness was lower when the slaughter weight increased. The muscles (LD and SM) of the SI x SImales were reader and darker. The PPC was lower in the heaviest animals and in the LD muscle it was lower in the female lambs. Malelambs muscles lost more water were harder than of the females muscles. The decrease of the FC was related to the increase in theslaughtering weight, and this effect was higher in the LD muscle of T x SI animals and in the SM muscle of the SI x SI animals.Key Words: ovine, muscle, colour, lightness, cooking, tenderness, pH

Características de carcaça de cordeiros Texel x Bergamácia, Texel x Santa Inês e Santa Inês puros, terminados em confinamento, com casca de café como parte da dieta

RESUMO - Trinta e seis cordeiros (18 machos inteiros e 18 femeas) de tres diferentes grupos geneticos: 12 cordeiros cruzas Texel x Bergamacia (T x B), 12 cordeiros cruzas Texel x Santa Ines (T x S) e 12 cordeiros puros Santa Ines (SI) foram alimentados com tres diferentes dietas experimentais: A- sem casca de cafe; B. com casca de cafe in natura; e C- com casca de cafe, tratada com ureia e grao de soja moido. Os pesos das carcacas quente e fria, o rendimento de carcaca quente (RC), a quebra de peso da carcaca devido ao resfriamento, as medidas de comprimento interno e total da carcaca, o comprimento de perna, o comprimento total de perna (CTP), o perimetro da garupa (PG), a largura da garupa (LG), a profundidade do torax (PT) e a gordura subcutânea (GS), de acordo com a dieta, o grupo genetico e sexo foram avaliados. Nao houve efeito das dietas sobre as variaveis avaliadas. Os cordeiros cruzas T x B e T x S apresentaram menor CTP e maiores PG, LG e GS. Os cordeiros T x B apresentaram valores superiores para PT. Houve superioridade dos animais cruzados nos pesos das carcacas quente e fria, nao ocorrendo diferencas para o rendimento da carcaca quente entre os grupos geneticos. Nao houve diferenca entre machos e femeas para GS. As femeas apresentaram melhor RC que os machos. Para as outras caracteristicas, os machos mostraram valores superiores em relacao as femeas.

Performance of Texel x Bergamácia, Texel x Santa Inês and purebred Santa Inês lambs, finished in confinement, with coffee hull as part of the diet

ABSTRACT - The objective of this work was to evaluate the performance of female and male Texel x Bergamacia, Texel x Santa Ines and straitbred Santa Ines. Thirty-six lambs were individually penned for a period of 50 days. The animals were fed elephant grass silage and the following diets: A= without coffee hulls (control), B = with untreated in nature coffee hulls and C = with urea in nature treated coffee hulls and ground soybean seed. The animals were slaughtered with average age of 180 days. The intakes of dry matter (DMI), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), feed: gain ratio (F: G), final weight (FW), average daily gain (ADG), slaughter weight (SW), weight loss due to fasting period (FWD), gut content weight (GCW) and empty body weight (EBW) were evaluated. The diets did not affect the intake of DM, CP, FW, SW, FWL, ADG, F: G, GCW and EBW. The neutral detergent fiber intake increased as the coffee hulls increased, and this increase was lower for the animals that consumed diet containing urea treated coffee hulls. The crossbred lambs T x B and T x S showed lower intake of DM, CP and NDF and higher FW, SW, GCW and EBW as compared with straitbreed Santa Ines lambs. There was no difference among the genetic groups for F: G, ADG and FWL, although small high values, but not significant were observed for F: G and ADG of T x B and T x S lambs. The male lambs showed lower DM, CP and NDF and F:G and higher FW, SW, ADW and EBW than the females. The males and females showed similar FWL and GCW.

Performance and carcass characteristics of Santa Inês pure lambs and crosses with Dorper e Texel at different management systems

Avaliaram-se o desempenho e as caracteristicas de carcaca de 36 cordeiros machos nao-castrados, Santa Ines puros e mesticos Dorper × Santa Ines e Texel × Santa Ines, manejados em tres sistemas (intensivo semi-intensivo e extensivo) e abatidos com peso medio de 38,41 ± 1,24 kg. Os melhores ganhos de peso foram observados nos cordeiros criados em sistema intensivo, que apresentaram tambem os maiores pesos e rendimentos de carcaca. Poucas influencias foram constatadas sobre as medidas de carcaca e dos cortes comerciais, sobretudo para maiores pesos nos cortes provenientes do manejo intensivo, proporcionado pelo maior peso da carcaca. O percentual relativo dos cortes em relacao a carcaca fria praticamente nao variou entre os sistemas. O sistema intensivo proporcionou melhor desempenho, independentemente do grupo genetico. A utilizacao das racas Texel e Dorper em cruzamento com Santa Ines eleva o rendimento das carcacas.

Desempenho de cordeiros das raças Bergamácia e Santa Inês, terminados em confinamento, recebendo dejetos de suínos como parte da dieta

Thirty three lambs of Bergamacia and Santa Ines the breeds were individually confined for a period of 75 days with the objective to evaluate the influence of breed and the viability of the use of swine wastes as part of the diet on the intake and performance of lambs. Two types of wastes were used: Biju (Wastes obtained through the scratching and sweeping of the floor of the growth and termination stalls) and the Dry Sifted Wastes - DSW (Wastes obtained through the sifting of the solid part of the material contained in the of water sheet of the stalls and in the water of washing of the stalls). The treatments were: T1- Control; T2- Diet with 24% of Biju; and T3- Diet with 24% of DSW, dry matter base. There was influence of the rations (P <0.05) on the intake of neutral detergent fiber (NDF), ethereal extract (EE) and phosphorus (P); and also in the live weight gain (LWG) and in the alimentary conversion (AC). Among the diets with wastes it was not verified differences on the intake of DM, CP, Ca and P; and in LWG. The lambs of the Bergamacia breed showed a higher LWG than the Santa Ines lambs.

Estudo alométrico dos tecidos da carcaça de cordeiros Santa Inês puros ou mestiços com Texel, Ile de France e Bergamácia

This study was conducted using 103 male and female lambs from the following genetic groups: Santa Ines (SS) purebred and Santa Ines × Texel (TS), Santa Ines × Ile de France (FS), and Santa Ines × Bergamacia (BS) crossbred. The animals were slaughtered at the following body weights: 15, 25, 35 or 45 kg. After slaughter and cooling of the carcasses, the following cuts were made: neck, rib/flank, short ribs, loin, blade, and hind limb. The composition in muscle, bone and fat of cuts and ½ carcass were evaluated. The alometric growth of each tissue of the loin, shoulder and leg in relation to the cut weight, and of each tissue of the ½ carcass in relation to the cold carcass weight, was measured. The allometric growth of muscles in the ½ carcass, for BS males and FS and BS females, was early (b 1), except shoulder fat in BS males, with isogonic growth (b=1). The growth rate of shoulder muscles in SS and FS males, SS and TS females was isogonic (b=1); for TS and BS males, FS and BS females, it was early (b<1). The muscle development in the loin from SS, FS and BS males, and females FS, was isogonic (b=1); for TS males and SS, TS and BS females, it was negative heterogonic (b<1). The allometric growth of the muscle in the loin from SS, TS and FS, and SS and TS females, was isogonic (b=1); and for BS males and TS and BS females, it was negative heterogonic (b<1).

Carcass characteristics and cuts of Santa Inês lambs fed different roughage proportions and fat source

Objetivou-se determinar a influencia da proporcao volumoso e da fonte de gordura da dieta sobre as caracteristicas de carcaca e os cortes comerciais de cordeiros. Utilizaram-se 24 cordeiros Santa Ines machos nao-castrados, recebendo, a vontade, dieta com duas proporcoes de volumoso (30 e 70%) e de gordura (sem gordura, gordura protegida e grao de soja) e abatidos com peso corporal medio de 35,4 kg (± 1,5 kg). Os animais alimentados com dietas com 30% de volumoso apresentaram os maiores pesos e rendimentos de carcaca. As porcentagens de braco posterior e pernil foram maiores nos animais que receberam a dieta com 30% de volumoso sem adicao de fonte de gordura. O comprimento total de perna e o comprimento interno foram maiores nos animais que receberam a dieta com 70% de volumoso, enquanto a largura de perna foi maior naqueles alimentados com a dieta com 30% de volumoso. A adicao de fonte de gordura em dietas com alta porcentagem de concentrado pode aumentar os rendimentos de carcaca. Esse efeito e maior quando utilizada gordura protegida em relacao ao grao de soja integral. Apesar de as dietas nao terem efeito na maioria dos cortes, o efeito sobre o pernil confirma a influencia da dieta sobre esse corte nobre.

Plasma urea nitrogen and progesterone concentrations and follicular dynamics in ewes fed proteins of different degradability

The effects of overfeeding with protein of different degradability on body condition, plasma urea nitrogen and progesterone concentrations, ovulation number and follicular dynamics were assessed in Santa Ines ewes. Twelve ewes were assigned to a randomized block design according to body weight and received overfeeding with soybean meal or with corn gluten meal or maintenance diet for 28 days before ovulation and during the next estrous cycle. Blood samples were taken on days 7, 14, 21, and 28 after the beginning of treatments for analysis of plasma urea nitrogen and on days 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 into the estrous cycle for analysis of plasma urea nitrogen and progesterone. Follicular dynamics was monitored daily by ultrasound during one estrous cycle. Dry matter and crude protein intake, weight gain, plasma urea nitrogen concentration before ovulation, number of ovulations, diameter of the largest follicle of the 1st and of the 2nd waves and the growth rate of the largest follicle of the 1st wave were higher in the ewes that received overfeeding. The growth rate of the largest follicle of the 3rd wave was higher in the ewes fed maintenance diet. The back fat thickness, plasma urea nitrogen before ovulation and progesterone concentrations, diameter of the largest follicle of the 2nd wave and growth rate of the largest follicle of the 3rd wave were higher in ewes that received overfeeding with soybean meal. The growth rate of the largest follicle of the 1st wave was higher in ewes that received overfeeding with corn gluten meal. Overfeeding with protein-rich feeds may increase the ovulation number and with soybean meal, it may be effective in increasing plasma progesterone concentration in ewes.

69 AGE AT PUBERTY AND REPRODUCTIVE DEVELOPMENT OF LAMBS FED SUNFLOWER CAKE

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of lipid inclusion, represented by sunflower cake (SC), on the performance, age at puberty, ovarian follicular development, and metabolic panel of prepubertal lambs. Thirty-five crossbred Santa Ines lambs were used [initial body weight (BW) 21.5 ± 1.6 kg and age 138 ± 3 days]. Four SC inclusions were tested: 0% SC, n = 9; 15% SC, n = 9; 30% SC, n = 9; and 45% SC, n = 8, within the dry matter of the diet. The diets were offered to the lambs until they reached 43.6 ± 0.8 kg; after reaching this BW they were slaughtered. Dry matter intake and performance were analysed. The number of follicles, the diameter of the larger follicle, and the total cholesterol serum concentration were evaluated one day before slaughtering. The serum progesterone concentration was analysed every 6 days after the animals reached 30 kg. Puberty was determined when the progesterone concentration reached = 1 ng mL–1 for the first time. The animals were randomly confined in individual pens. To study the significant variable and its effects on the treatments, regression analysis was performed. The number of follicles visualised in the ovary through ultrasound and after slaughtering was analysed by Proc Genmod. Spearman correlation coefficient of the number of follicles obtained through the in vivo ultrasound technique and by the count of follicles in the ovary postmortem. SAS software was used (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA). Daily dry matter intake (1.3 ± 0.5, 1.4 ± 0.5, 1.3 ± 0.5, and 1.3 ± 0.6 kg) and weight gain (0.19 ± 0.02, 0.23 ± 0.02, 0.19 ± 0.02, and 0.18 ± 0.02 kg) in the treatments of 0, 15, 30, and 45% of SC, respectively, presented no significant differences (P > 0.05). Total cholesterol serum concentration linearly increased (y = 73.1784 + 0.7206x), (R2 = 0.8477; P   0.05), whereas the number of follicles = 3 mm of diameter was correlated (r = 0.56; P  5 mm (0.5 ± 0.3, 0.7 ± 0.3, 0.8 ± 0.2, and 0.6 ± 0.3), and the diameter of the largest follicle (0.45 ± 0.03, 0.45 ± 0.04, 0.43 ± 0.03, and 0.40 ± 0.04 cm) verified through ultrasound, age at puberty (204 ± 11, 211 ± 13, 211 ± 13, 196 ± 11, 218 ± 11 days), and the weight at puberty (33.5 ± 1.5, 33.5 ± 1.7, 32.2 ± 1.5, and 33.5 ± 1.5 kg) in the treatments 0, 15, 30, and 45% SC, respectively, did not differ (P > 0.05), although the progesterone concentration presented a linear increase (y = 1.4783 + 0.02826x; P   3 mm (0.91 ± 0.2, 0.91 ± 0.2, 0.97 ± 0.2, and 0.88 ± 0.2) did not differ (P > 0.05). In conclusion, the use of SC in the lamb’s diet positively affected the progesterone concentration and the development of follicles <3 mm of diameter, which presented an optimal level at 23.4% SC inclusion.

Morphological traits and type of dairy goats registered in Brazil from 1976 to 2009

Data from 2439 goats of the Saanen, Alpine, Anglo Nubian and Toggenburg breeds recorded from 1976 to 2009 by the Association of Goats and Sheep Breeders of Minas Gerais were used in principal component analysis. After consistency of data, six morphological variables (thorax perimeter, body length, withers height, height, width and length of the rump) and 12 variables related to breed standard score and fitness (breed characteristic, head, palette and topline, feet and legs, dairy type, body capacity, udder, rear and front ligament, udder texture, teat and final score) were analyzed. Based on the magnitude of the eigenvalue (lower than 0.7), eleven variables considered redundant were discarded, resulting in reduced costs of technician labor to evaluate the animals. Maintenance of records on height, length, rump width, breed characteristic, dairy type, front ligament and udder texture is recommended.