Marcus Vinicius Morais de Oliveira

Óleo de soja e própolis na alimentação de cabras leiteiras: consumo de matéria seca e de nutrientes e parâmetros de fermentação ruminal

The objective of this trial was to evaluate the increasing levels of soybean oil (0, 1.5, 3.0, 4.5, 6.0, and 7.5% of diet dry matter), ethanolic extract of propolis (0, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 8.0, and 12.0 mL/animal/day) and ground crude propolis (0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, and 6.0 g/animal/day) on intake and ruminal metabolism (pH, ammonia N, VFA, and specific activity of ammonia production) in dairy goats. Six ruminally fistulated female Alpine goats were used in a completely randomized design with six experimental periods and two animals per treatment. Diets contained 67% of corn silage and 33% of concentrate composed by ground corn and soybean meal. There was no effect of the increasing levels of soybean oil, ethanolic extract of propolis and ground crude propolis on the measured variables. More research with propolis is needed because of its anti-microbial effects in vitro and its effects on reducing the acetate:propionate ratio and the butyrate concentration in the rumen.

Consumo, produção e composição do leite de vacas alimentadas com óleo de soja e diferentes fontes de carboidratos na dieta

Twelve Holstein-Zebu lactating dairy cows were used to study the effects of different carbohydrate sources and soybean oil on dry matter intake, milk yield, and milk composition. The following carbohydrate sources were used: corn (CO), wheat bran (WB) or citric pulp (CP) with 0 or 2.25% of soybean oil. No significant interactions between soybean oil and carbohydrate sources were observed in this trial. Both dry matter intake (18.4 kg/day) and milk yield (23.5 kg/day) did not differ among carbohydrate sources but cows fed WB had higher NDF intake and lower apparent total tract digestibilities of OM, total carbohydrates, and milk lactose content. Neither carbohydrate sources nor soybean oil changed significantly the ruminal microbial protein synthesis that averaged 239.4 g N/day. Cows fed diets supplemented with soybean oil showed lower dry matter intake (19.0 vs. 17.8 kg/day) and contents of milk lactose (4.49 vs. 4.33%) and milk fat (3.34 vs. 3.13%) compared to those with no soybean oil in the diet. Oil diets showed no differences on milk production, milk protein content, digestibility of nutrients, and microbial protein synthesis. In addition, supplementation with soybean oil improved feed efficiency (1.35 vs. 1.23) and the milk protein:milk fat ratio (0.94 vs. 1.00). It can be concluded that for cows yielding up to 24 kg of milk per day WB and CP can economically replace CO in the concentrate. Inclusion of soybean oil in the diet changed milk composition and decreased dry matter intake but maintain milk yield, which improved feed efficiency.

Influência da monensina no consumo e na fermentação ruminal em bovinos recebendo dietas com teores baixo e alto de proteína

Four ruminally fistulated Holstein steers were fed four times a day (8 a.m., 11 a.m., 2 p.m. and 5 p.m.) with four diets with low and high protein content, with or without monensin, to verify the effect of monensin on feed intake and ruminal fermentation. Diets contained (dry matter basis): low (11.4 %) and high (16.5%) crude protein content, 65% of brachiaria hay (Brachiaria decumbens) and 35% of concentrate. Corn and urea- and corn and soybean meal- based diets were, respectively, the concentrates of low and high protein content. The level of ionophore was of 28 mg of monensin/kg of DM intake. Samples of ruminal fluid were collected from the animals two hours post-feeding. The experiment was analyzed as a Latin square with four treatments and four animals. High protein content -based diets increased ruminal concentration of butyric acid and ammonia. Feeding of diets with monensin, independently of the protein content, decreased dry matter intake, increased propionic acid concentration and decreased butyric acid, acetate:propionate ratio and specific activity of ammonia production . Monensin with low protein content-based diet also decreased acetic acid concentration and incerased ruminal pH and microbial protein synthesis. No significant differences on the concentration of ruminal ammonia for diet with monensin were observed.

Parâmetros Ruminal, Sangüíneo e Urinário e Digestibilidade de Nutrientes em Novilhas Leiteiras Recebendo Diferentes Níveis de Monensina

The objective of this trial was to study the effects of different dietary levels of the ionophore monensin on apparent digestibility of nutrients and on ruminal, blood, and urinary metabolites in dairy heifers. Samples of ruminal fluid (pre-feeding and 2 hours post-feeding), blood, urine, and feces all were collected from 28 confined Holstein heifers. Diets contained (dry matter basis): 32.84% of concentrate (corn grain, soybean meal, urea, and mineral salt mixture), 33.58% of corn silage, and 33.58% of sugarcane. The following amounts of monensin were included in the diets: 0, 14, 28 or 42 mg/kg of diet dry matter. The experiment was analyzed as a complete randomized design with four treatments and seven replications. Both regression analysis and orthogonal contrasts were part of the statistical model. No significant differences before feeding were observed for ruminal pH and for the ruminal concentrations of ammonia, acetate, propionate, and butyrate by adding monensin to the diets. However, a significant reduction in the acetate:propionate ratio was detected. Conversely, ruminal pH decreased and ruminal propionate increased when samples were taken at two hours after feeding. As before, the acetate:propionate ratio was reduced when monesin was increased from 0 to 42 mg/kg of diet dry matter. In addition, orthogonal contrasts showed a decrease in the concentration of ruminal ammonia before feeding. Including monesin in diet of dairy heifers did not alter the concentrations of glucose and blood urea. Similarly, intakes of dry matter (DM), organic matter, crude protein, ether extract (EE), total carbohydrates (TC), and neutral detergent fiber were all unchanged by dietary supplementation with monensin. Significant quadratic effects were observed for apparent digestibilities of DM, EE, and TC and also for the excretion of urinary nitrogen.

Production and quality of forage under intercropping systems in the Cerrado/Pantanal ecotone

The aims of this study were to evaluate forage production and nutritional quality of the elephant grass, leucaena and pigeon pea beans, grown in monocrop or in intercropping systems in Cerrado / Pantanal ecotones in both, dry and rainy, seasons. Experimental design was completely randomized with five treatments and five repetitions. The treatments were: elephant grass, leucaena and pigeon pea all of these in monocrop; intercropping elephant grass with Leucaena; intercropping elephant grass with pigeon pea. During the rainy season, it was carried out three cuts at intervals of 60 days, and in the dry season a single cut with 180 days. In the rainy season, the biomass produced of the forages elephant grass, leucaena and pigeon pea corresponded respectively to 72, 64, 76% of the annual production. Under intercropping system, fodder behaves similarly, with the average of 72% of annual production. During this period, the nutritional quality of the forages was also higher than the dry season. In the dry period, there was decreased the production of biomass and a reduction in the proportion of leaves in all the forage, regardless of cultivation system. In both seasons (rainy and dry), the forage grown under intercropping system showed higher dry matter production in relation to monocrop system, with most of this production coming of elephant grass. The intercropping elephant grass with the pigeon pea has the highest production of dry matter, while the intercropping elephant grass with Leucaena has better nutritional quality.

Tecnologias sociais para o desenvolvimento da pecuária leiteira no Assentamento Rural Rio Feio em Guia Lopes da Laguna, MS, Brasil

Com o objetivo de incrementar a eficiencia tecnica da atividade leiteira de um grupo de 30 produtores de origem familiar, foi realizada assistencia tecnica durante 12 meses com foco na intensificacao do uso das pastagens. A experiencia foi realizada no municipio de Guia Lopes da Laguna, em Mato Grosso do Sul. Constatou-se resistencia na aceitacao de algumas tecnologias por diversos fatores, entretanto, nas propriedades que seguiram as recomendacoes, observou-se aumento de 413% da produtividade da terra (l/ha/ano).

Tecnologías para el desarrollo del la ganaderia lechera en Asentamiento Rural Rio Feio, Guia Lopes da Laguna, MS, Brazil

Com o objetivo de incrementar a eficiencia tecnica da atividade leiteira de um grupo de 30 produtores de origem familiar, foi realizada assistencia tecnica durante 12 meses com foco na intensificacao do uso das pastagens. A experiencia foi realizada no municipio de Guia Lopes da Laguna, em Mato Grosso do Sul. Constatou-se resistencia na aceitacao de algumas tecnologias por diversos fatores, entretanto, nas propriedades que seguiram as recomendacoes, observou-se aumento de 413% da produtividade da terra (l/ha/ano).

Social technologies for the development of dairy cattle in Rio Feio Settlement in Guia Lopes da Laguna, MS, Brazil

Com o objetivo de incrementar a eficiencia tecnica da atividade leiteira de um grupo de 30 produtores de origem familiar, foi realizada assistencia tecnica durante 12 meses com foco na intensificacao do uso das pastagens. A experiencia foi realizada no municipio de Guia Lopes da Laguna, em Mato Grosso do Sul. Constatou-se resistencia na aceitacao de algumas tecnologias por diversos fatores, entretanto, nas propriedades que seguiram as recomendacoes, observou-se aumento de 413% da produtividade da terra (l/ha/ano).