Juan Ramón Olalquiaga Pérez

Desempenho de cordeiros Santa Inês puros e cruzas Santa Inês com Texel, Ile de France e Bergamácia

The work was carried out to evaluate the effect of animal sex, genetic group and slaugher weight on fedlot lambs performance. One hundred and three male and female lambs, purebred Santa Ines (SS) and crosses between Santa Ines and Texel (TS), Ile de France (FS) and Bergamacia (BS) were fedlot in individual cages. Diet and orts were daily collected to calculate the intakes of dry matter (MS), metabolizable energy (EM), digestible protein (PD) and neutral fiber detergent (FDN). The lambs were slaughtered at four weights: 15, 25, 35 and 45 kg of live weight. Weight gain (GPD), number of days in confinement (ND), feed:gain ratio (CA) and intakes of MS, PD, EM and FD were analyzed during three growing phases: 15 to 25 kg (1), 25 to 35 kg (2) and 35 to 45 kg (3), for each genetic group and each sex. The slaughter age (IA) and the empty body weight (PCVZ) were also analyzed. At high weights, TS and FS male lambs showed inferior IA, and the female lambs, superior IA. ND of BS lambs from 35 to 45 kg was superior than TS lambs. From 35 to 45 kg, PCVZ of TS and FS lambs was inferior. The best GPD was observed for TS lambs, followed by FS and SS. The intakes of MS, PD, EM and FDN were similar among the genetic groups, during the phases 1 and 2. TS lambs intake tended to increase as body weight increased, whereas the other groups showed tended to decrease. CA increased as slaughter weight increased. The males did not show differences in CA among the genetic groups, but TS and FS females showed better results. At 35 and 45 kg, the females showed superior RC than the males. At 35 kg, the TS males showed better RC than the other groups.

Características de carcaça de cordeiros Texel x Bergamácia, Texel x Santa Inês e Santa Inês puros, terminados em confinamento, com casca de café como parte da dieta

RESUMO - Trinta e seis cordeiros (18 machos inteiros e 18 femeas) de tres diferentes grupos geneticos: 12 cordeiros cruzas Texel x Bergamacia (T x B), 12 cordeiros cruzas Texel x Santa Ines (T x S) e 12 cordeiros puros Santa Ines (SI) foram alimentados com tres diferentes dietas experimentais: A- sem casca de cafe; B. com casca de cafe in natura; e C- com casca de cafe, tratada com ureia e grao de soja moido. Os pesos das carcacas quente e fria, o rendimento de carcaca quente (RC), a quebra de peso da carcaca devido ao resfriamento, as medidas de comprimento interno e total da carcaca, o comprimento de perna, o comprimento total de perna (CTP), o perimetro da garupa (PG), a largura da garupa (LG), a profundidade do torax (PT) e a gordura subcutânea (GS), de acordo com a dieta, o grupo genetico e sexo foram avaliados. Nao houve efeito das dietas sobre as variaveis avaliadas. Os cordeiros cruzas T x B e T x S apresentaram menor CTP e maiores PG, LG e GS. Os cordeiros T x B apresentaram valores superiores para PT. Houve superioridade dos animais cruzados nos pesos das carcacas quente e fria, nao ocorrendo diferencas para o rendimento da carcaca quente entre os grupos geneticos. Nao houve diferenca entre machos e femeas para GS. As femeas apresentaram melhor RC que os machos. Para as outras caracteristicas, os machos mostraram valores superiores em relacao as femeas.

Desenvolvimento Relativo dos Tecidos Ósseo, Muscular e Adiposo dos Cortes da Carcaça de Cordeiros Santa Inês

An experiment was carried out at the Sheep Production Sector of Federal University of Lavras to study the allometric growth of bone, muscular and fat tissues of commercial joints in lambs. Twenty-four Santa Ines lambs were used. The animals were kept confined in individual pens and fed ad libitum. The animals were slaughtered when they reached the target live weight of 15, 25, 35 and 45 kg. After the carcass had been dressed and chilled, the commercial joints were obtained from the left half part. The amount of the different tissues were got through the dissection of the leg, lion, rib, breast and shoulder. The allometric study was carried out using the model developed by HUXLEY(1932). The allometric coefficient of bone was lower than 1, the coefficient for the fat tissue was higher than 1 in all joints, and the muscular tissue in the ribs and shoulder were analysed for these joints, the coefficient was not different from 1.

Performance of Texel x Bergamácia, Texel x Santa Inês and purebred Santa Inês lambs, finished in confinement, with coffee hull as part of the diet

ABSTRACT - The objective of this work was to evaluate the performance of female and male Texel x Bergamacia, Texel x Santa Ines and straitbred Santa Ines. Thirty-six lambs were individually penned for a period of 50 days. The animals were fed elephant grass silage and the following diets: A= without coffee hulls (control), B = with untreated in nature coffee hulls and C = with urea in nature treated coffee hulls and ground soybean seed. The animals were slaughtered with average age of 180 days. The intakes of dry matter (DMI), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), feed: gain ratio (F: G), final weight (FW), average daily gain (ADG), slaughter weight (SW), weight loss due to fasting period (FWD), gut content weight (GCW) and empty body weight (EBW) were evaluated. The diets did not affect the intake of DM, CP, FW, SW, FWL, ADG, F: G, GCW and EBW. The neutral detergent fiber intake increased as the coffee hulls increased, and this increase was lower for the animals that consumed diet containing urea treated coffee hulls. The crossbred lambs T x B and T x S showed lower intake of DM, CP and NDF and higher FW, SW, GCW and EBW as compared with straitbreed Santa Ines lambs. There was no difference among the genetic groups for F: G, ADG and FWL, although small high values, but not significant were observed for F: G and ADG of T x B and T x S lambs. The male lambs showed lower DM, CP and NDF and F:G and higher FW, SW, ADW and EBW than the females. The males and females showed similar FWL and GCW.

Estudo alométrico dos cortes de cordeiros Santa Inês puros e cruzas

This study was conducted using 103 male and female lambs from the following genetic groups: purebred Santa Ines (SS) and crossbreds of Santa Ines x Texel (TS), Santa Ines x Ile de France (FS), and Santa Ines x Bergamacia (BS). Animals were slaughtered at one of the following body weights: 15, 25, 35 or 45 kg. After slaughter and cooling of the carcasses, the following cuts were made: neck, rib/flank, short ribs, loin, blade, and hindlimb. The alometric growth of each cut in relation to the empty body weight (EBW) was measured. The alometric growth of the neck was isogonic (b=1) for most genetic groups and accompanied EBW growth. However, for BS lambs the growth was heterogonic (b>1) or slow growth. TS and FS male lambs showed slower neck growth rate compared to the BS lambs. The rib/flank had slow growth for all groups but TS and FS lambs showed greater growth rate than the SS animals. For males, the blade development followed the EBW while females had a slower growth rate. The development of short ribs and loin was slow for all groups, except on FS female lambs, in which both short ribs and loin growth followed that of EBW; the alometric coefficients obtained for short ribs were lower on FS female lambs compared to those of the remaining genetic groups. The development of hindlimb accompanied the EBW for SS, TS and FS males and also for FS female lambs.

Efeitos do grupo genético, sexo e peso ao abate sobre as propriedades físico-químicas da carne de cordeiros em crescimento

O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a evolucao do pH post mortem, cor, perda de peso por cozimento e forca de cisalhamento dos musculos Longissimus dorsi (LD) e Semimembranosus (SM) de 49 cordeiros provenientes de cruzamentos entre as racas Bergamacia com Santa Ines (BgxSI) e Ile de France com Santa Ines (IFxSI), machos inteiros e femeas, distribuidos nos grupos pesos ao abate de 15, 25, 35 e 45kg. Os grupos geneticos apresentaram diferencas (P<0,05) sobre o pH dos musculos LD e SM, sendo que BgxSI apresentou media de pH mais elevada, do que IFxSI. O fator sexo nao afetou a cor, entretanto o grupo genetico influenciou (P<0,001) o valor L* e o valor a*; o valor L* de 35,25 e 32,89, para IFxSI e BgxSI, respectivamente; e o valor a* de 16,09 e 14,64, para BgxSI e IFxSI, respectivamente. A perda de peso por cozimento nao foi influenciada pelos fatores grupos geneticos, sexos e grupos de peso. A maciez no musculo SM nao foi afetada pelos fatores estudados. Entretanto no LD, os grupos de peso afetaram a maciez (P<0,05). Os grupos de 15 e 25kg apresentaram forca de cisalhamento mais elevada (13,57 e 10,98kgf, respectivamente), do que os cordeiros de 35 e 45kg (8,56 e 7,97kgf, respectivamente).

Avaliação da Composição de Cortes Comerciais, Componentes Corporais e Órgãos Internos de Cordeiros Confinados e Alimentados com Dejetos de Suínos

ABSTRACT- Twenty-one lambs were used, nine of the Bergamacia and 12 Santa Ines breed, were confined individually for 75 days,and fed diets containing 24% of swine wastes, in the form of biju (obtained by the scratching and sweeping of the floor of the growthand termination stalls) or DSW - dry sifted wastes (constituted by the solid part of the material contained of the water of was h of thestalls, obtained through sieves of fine mesh). There was no diet effect in the percentage of muscle, fat and bone of the analyz ed cuts.The Santa Ines lambs showed larger amount of muscle in the ham and a larger loin eye area that Bergamacia; these however showed alarger fat proportion in the whole shoulder when the joints were expressed in % of the weight of each joint. The diet controls alsopropitiated one larger loin eye area that the diet with biju. A larger proportion of small intestine, expressed in % weight of the digestivesystem, was verified in the animals fed with the diets controls in relation those fed whit DPS. The lambs of the Santa Ines bre ed showedlarger weight of the windpipe, when this parameter was expressed in kg and in % of the empty weight; already the Bergamacia pre sentedlarger amount of skin, when this was expressed as % of the empty weight. It is concluded that the use of swine wastes doesn’t a ffectthe composition of the commercial joints, weights of body components and internal organs.Key Words: Bergamacia, confinement, dressing, Santa Ines, sheep

Estudo das curvas de crescimento de cordeiros das raças santa inês e bergamácia considerando heterogeneidade de variâncias

Funcoes de crescimento nao-lineares foram ajustados a dados de peso-idade de 40 cordeiros das racas Santa Ines e Bergamacia. Pelos testes de Hartley e de Bartlett, verificou-se que os dados apresentavam heterogeneidade de variâncias; em funcao disso, ajustaram-se as funcoes de crescimento pelo metodo dos quadrados minimos ponderado pelo inverso da variância dos pesos a cada pesagem utilizando a opcao WEIGTH do PROC MODEL (SAS INSTITUTE, 1996). As funcoes de crescimento foram comparadas pela interpretacao biologica dos parâmetros e pelos indicadores de qualidade do ajuste (coeficiente de determinacao ajustado, quadrado medio do residuo e teste de Durbin-Watson). As funcoes de von Bertalanffy e Gompertz apresentaram a melhor qualidade de ajuste, ao passo que as funcoes de Richards, Logistica e Brody nao se mostraram adequadas para descrever o crescimento dos animais por apresentarem estimativas nao condizentes com a realidade.

Rendimento de cortes comerciais e composição tecidual da carcaça de cabritos mestiços

Carcass composition related to commercial cuts and tissue composition (muscle, bone and fat) from leg, loin and shoulder of kid goats crossbred Anglo-Nubian or Boer were evaluated in 20 kids from two different genetic groups (13 ½ Anglo-Nubian × ½ Undefined Breed - UB and 7 ½ Boer × ½ UB). The animals were slaughtered at 10 months of age and average body weight of 29 kg ± 0.08. After 24 hours of cooling (2oC), the carcasses were separated in the cuts: leg, loin (fore loin and rear loin), shoulder, breast, rib, neck and flank for the determination of yields related to cold carcass weight. After that, leg, loin (fore loin and rear loin )and shoulder were dissected in muscle, fat and bone tissues to estimate muscle:bone (MBR) and muscle:fat (MFR) ratios. The average yields for the cuts were: 30.8% of leg, 25.1% of loin (17.9% fore loin and 7.0% rear loin), 22.0% of shoulder, 4.8% of breast, 6.9% of neck, 4.8% of rib, and 5.6% of flank. No significant effect of genetic groups on cut yields was detected, except for the rib, that was higher for Anglo-Nubian × UB (5.12%) than for Boer × UB (4.49%). %). In Boer × UB kids, muscle tissue yield (61.05%), MBR (3.91) and MFR (6.85) were higher, while for Anglo-Nubian × UB yield were higher for fat (10.23%) and bone (16.79%) tissues. The carcass from crossbred Boer × UB kids showed higher muscle tissue in the cuts of major commercial value than that from Anglo-Nubian × UB kids.

Estudo dos cortes da carcaça de cordeiros Santa Inês puros e cruzas Santa Inês com Texel, Ile de France e Bergamácia

One hundred and tree male and female lambs, pure Santa Ines (SS) and crosses between Santa Ines and Texel (TS), Ile de France (FS) and Bergamacia (BS), were used. They were confined in individual cages. The lambs were slaughtered at four weights: 15.0, 25.0, 35.0 and 45.0 kg live weight. After slaughter and cooling of the carcasses, the following cuts were made: neck (PP), rib/flank (PCF), rack (PC), loin (PL), shoulder (PPA) and leg (PPE), these last two without the arms. Necks practically did not vary with the increase of slaughter weights. Necks of TS and FS lambs were smaller, compared to the SS and BS lambs, in most of the studied slaughter weights. Shoulders also did not vary with the increase of slaughter weights with a tendency to decrease. At 45 kg, TS and FS lambs presented greater PPA in relation to SS and BS lambs. In other slaughter weights, pratically there were no considerable PPA differences between the genetic groups. Rib/flanks increased with the increase of slaughter weights, and, in higher slaughter weights, the TS lambs showed greater proportions. For CP, there was practically no difference among slaughter weights. Ile de France females, however, at 35 and 45 kg, showed PCF smaller than FS males. Loins tended to increase with the increase of slaughter weights, but differences were detected in the animals slaughtered at 15.0 kg, in relation to the other slaughter weights. Among the genetic groups there was no difference for the PL. Legs decreased with the increase of slaughter weights. At 35 kg live weight, the male TS and the female FS lambs obtained better PPE in relation to the other genetic groups.