Isabelle Sommier

“Terrorism” as total violence?

This article defends the idea that terrorism, to which the term ‘total violence’ will be preferred, namely a deliberate strategy of blind violence against the civilian population accord-ing to the principle of disjunction between victims (‘non-combatants‘, ‘the innocent’) and target (a government or other authority), is the civilian version of the extreme violence that is in most cases used by states. It identifies three processes that go to explain the emergence of this new form of violence. First, the historical process of the ideologisation and mythification of warfare, which permitted a substantial unleashing of state violence during the twentieth century and its civil society counterpart, arbi-trary murder. Second, due prominence must be given in the analysis of violence to the purely technological factor, namely the new military and communication resources that hugely increase human capacity for destruction and its resultant terror effects. Lastly, there is an anthropological dimension, which, in the aggressors relationship with the victim, places total violence in the category of extreme violence, as the conclusion of an a priori paradoxical linkage between the terrifying instrumentalisation of victims and the near mystical exaltation of their sacrifice.

The Generational Issue: The Impact of Organizations’ Age on Visions of Democracy

Organizations involved in the global justice mobilizations have been presented as developers of emerging forms of transnational collective engagement, proposing innovative ways of organizing, struggling, discussing, and ‘being together’ (della Porta et al. 2006). In this view, the Global Justice Movement is seen as innovative in its organizational dimension.