Ismar Sebastião Moscheta

Morfologia e anatomia da flor de Pilocarpus pennatifolius Lem. (Rutaceae)

Pilocarpus pennatifolius Lem. (Rutaceae) presents actinomorphics, dichlamydeous, nectariferous and monoclinous flowers, disposed in pendulous racemes. The anthesis is basipetal in the inflorescence and it is preferentially nocturne. The flower presents five stamens with tetrasporangiate anthers. The anther wall presents epidermis, endothecium, two middle layers and binucleate tapetum; the connective shows epidermis with stomata. The unipistilate gynoecium and compound by five carpels, which are joined at the base of the ovary and at the style and stigma. The style is short and solid and the stigma presents a papilose epidermis. The hemitropous, bitegmic and crassinucelate ovule presents a hypostasis and an obturator, which arises from funicle. The nectary surrounds completely the ovary base. Each sepal receives three vascular traces and the petals and stamens one trace. Each carpel receives a dorsal vascular bundle and two vascular ventral bundles that maintain their individuality throughout their course.

Morfoanatomia e histoquímica de Brosimum gaudichaudii Trécul (Moraceae)

ABSTRACT – (Morphoanatomy and histochemistry of the Brosimum gaudichaudii Trecul (Moraceae)). Brosimum gaudichaudii known as “mamacadela” is a common cerrado species with a great importance on medicine folk and in the pharmaceutical industry . Thebark of the root and stem is used on the treatment of “vitiligo” being the bergapten and psoralen two furocoumarins responsible forpharmacological activity. This work presents the morphoanatomical and histochemical characterization of the vegetative organs of B . €gaudichaudii , with information about its embryo and post-seminal development. Samples were processed by usual techniques ofplant anatomy and ultra-structure. The embryo is of the total type and invaginate, the seedling is crypto-hypogeal and the tirodentro’ sradicular system is composed by primary root that is not always well developed when compared to other roots that probably are derivedof the hypocotyl which have greater size. The adult plants present long shoot bud-forming roots and plagiotropics origining with airbranch. These roots present a periderm with developed phellem and secondary phloem more developed than xylem, being both easilyeminent when manipulated. The stem and the leaf show unisseriate epidermis with a high density of unicellular non-glandular trichomesand glandular trichomes. The laticiferous are branched and non-articulate, occurring at all organs mostly frequently inside of the vesselelements. Phenolic-idioblasts occur abundantly at all organs.

COMPARATIVE MORPHOLOGY AND ANATOMY OF THE LEAF AND STEM OF PEPEROMIA DAHLSTEDTII C.DC., OTTONIA MARTIANA MIQ. AND PIPER DIOSPYRIFOLIUM KUNTH (PIPERACEAE)

Los generos y las especies de Piperaceae muestran una notoria diversidad estructural en sus hojas, y en particular en tallos. Este trabajo presente presenta un estudio comparativo morfologico y anatomico del tallo y hoja de tres especies de esta familia (Peperomia dahlstedtii C.DC., Ottonia martiana Miq. y Piper diospyrifolium Kunth) que son frecuentes en los bosques brasilenos, sin que sus organos vegetativos hubiesen sido previamente examinados anatomicamente. El material fue fijado en FAA, cortado a mano y coloreado con safranina y azul de astra. P. dahlstedtii es un epifito que posee un tallo herbaceo con filotaxia verticilada y estructura polistelica, hoja con epidermis adaxial multiseriada y monocristal de oxalato de calcio en celulas parenquimaticas y colenquimaticas del peciolo. O. martiana y P. diospyrifolium presentan muchas semejanzas, siendo ambas plantas terrestres con filotaxia alterna, estela con haces medulares y hoja dorsiventral con epidermis y subepidermis. En O. martiana el aparato estomatico es estaurocitico y presenta cristal de silice en celulas parenquimaticas del peciolo y vena media. En P. diospyrifolium el aparato estomatico es tetracitico con presencia de rafidios en la parenquima del peciolo y vena media. Por otro lado, las tres especies muestran cierta semblanza estructural, como hojas hipostomaticas y dorsiventrales, celulas con aceite en el peciolo y lamina, tricomas glandulares y endodermis provista de banda de Caspary.

Morfoanatomia e histoquímica de órgãos reprodutivos de Brosimum gaudichaudii (Moraceae)

Brosimum gaudichaudii Trecul, ordinary known as mama-cadela, is an arboreous species common on Brazilian savannah with a great importance on popular food and medicine. The yellow pulp of its fruit is very appreciated by the children because its like a chewing gum. This work presents the morphoanatomical and histochemistry characterization of the inflorescence, fruit and seed of B. gaudichaudii. The material were processed by anatomical and ultrastructural usual techniques. The inflorescence is capitate, globose, pedunculate, pendent, predominant by pairs on leaf axilla and covered by thickly hairy peltate bracts. Each inflorescence is composed of several male flowers and one female flower. The male flowers are constituted by a stamen involved by bracteoles. The female flower is constituted by a pistil with an inferior ovary with five carpels, nevertheless just one develops. It is common the presence of two ovules on developed locule, however just one will develop on a seed. The ovule is pendulous, hemianatropous and bitegmic only on the micropilar region. The mature fruit shows: the pulp which is to the comestible region and endocarp; in the seeds the tegument is membranaceous and the embryo without secondary endosperm. The parenchymatic tissue of the pulp presents a lot of intercellular spaces replete of aqueous content. The endocarp is sclerified and shows to be well differentiable on mature fruit. The laticiferous are non-articulated branched with thick walls occurring on inflorescence receptaculum, being abundant on peduncle and in the pulp of the mature fruit and embryo. The phenolic idioblasts are distributed in the inflorescence and fruit.

Anatomy of the developing fruit of Metrodorea nigra A. St.-Hil. (Rutaceae)

The pericarp and seed in development of Metrodorea nigra were investigated structurally.The flowers and fruits in different stages of maturation were fixed in FAA 50 and cross-and longitudinally sectioned, according to usual techniques. The differentiated epicarp was represented by the periderm of subepidermal origin. The mesocarp was parenchymatous. The endocarp was sclerenchymatous and originated from the meristematic action of the inner epidermis of the ovary. The seed was endotestal and originated from an anatropous, bitegmic and crassinucellate ovule. The nucellus and the endosperm occurred in small quantity in the mature seed. The embryo was straight with thick cotyledons. The seed and the endocarp were ejected in the autochory process. The fruit was capsular and coccarium.

Morphology and Anatomy of the Flowers of Trichilia catigua A. Juss., T. elegans A. Juss. and T. pallida Sw. (Meliaceae)

As caracteristicas morfologicas e anatomicas das flores de Trichilia catigua A. Juss., T. elegans A. Juss. e T. pallida Sw. (Meliaceae) sao descritas no presente trabalho, visando subsidiar futuros estudos sobre reproducao e preservacao destas especies nativas. A antese ocorreu de abril a agosto em T. catigua, de janeiro a maio em T. pallida e setembro a janeiro em T. elegans. As sepalas e petalas apresentavam epiderme papilosa e pilosa e mesofilo parenquimatico. As flores masculinas possuiam pistilodio com ovulos abortivos e tubo estaminal com numero variavel de anteras tetrasporangiadas, cuja parede apresentava epiderme papilosa, endotecio, duas camadas medias e tapete secretor. As flores femininas apresentavam anterodios e pistilo bi ou tricarpelar, com ovario de estrutura simples, estilete oco ou solido com tecido transmissor central e estigma com pelos uni ou bicelulares. Os ovulos eram anatropos e bitegumentados. Nao foram encontrados no ambiente de estudo exemplares das especies estritamente dioicos, sendo todos em maior ou menor grau monoicos.

Structure and development of fruits and seeds of weed species of Euphorbiaceae

Euphorbiaceae s.l. presents several morphological types of fruits, of which the schizocarp is the most common. The fruits of weed species of Euphorbia graminea Jacq., Euphorbia heterophylla L., Euphorbia hirta L. (= Chamaesyce hirta (L.) Millsp.) and Euphorbia prostrata Aiton (= Chamaesyce prostrata (Aiton) Small) are objects of this study. Inflorescences and fruits in development were collected on the campus of the State University of Maringa (UEM), Brazil, fixed in FAA 50 and glutaraldehyde, dehydrated and sectioned with a rotary microtome according to standard morphology and anatomy techniques. The species present several anatomical similarities, though there are some differences related to the outer epidermis of the ovaries, which is glabrous in E. graminea and hairy in the other species. The ripe fruits present a papilose exocarp and lack trichomes, except for E. hirta. The ovules are anatropous, bitegmic and crassinucellate; the seeds are exotegmic and the embryos are straight.

Morphology and anatomy of the flower and anthesis of Metrodorea nigra St. Hill. (Rutaceae)

ABSTRACT Studies on the morphology and anatomy of the flower and anthesis of Metrodorea nigra St. Hill. (Rutaceae) showed perfect flowers, which occurred in panicle. The peak of the flowering was August and September. The anthesis was diurnal and the species presented protandrous flowers. The green sepals and the red petals presented papillose epidermis with stomata and parenchymatic mesophyll. The tetrasporangiate anther presented a papillose epidermis too, endothecium cells with secondary parietal thickenings, two middle layers and binucleate tapetum. The only pistil presented an ovary wall with nectariferous tissue and a meristematic ventral epidermis, a solid style and an inconspicuous stigma. The ovules were anatropous, bitegmic and crassinucelate and presented an obturator of funicular and placentic origin. The nectaries occurred around the ovary as a disk-like structure and in its apex as a number of pillose protuberances. Key words: Metrodorea nigra, Rutaceae, blossom, anthesis, protandry, flower structure

Morfo-anatomia e aspectos da biologia floral de Nectandra megapotamica (Spreng.) Mez (Lauraceae)

Nectandra megapotamica (Spreng.) Mez is a common species in secondary forests of the area of Maringa, the State of Parana, Brazil. The morphology and structures of its flowers and observations of anthesis, dehiscence of anthers, receptivity of the stigma and insect visitor registration are the objects of this investigation. Anthesis is diurnal and anthers only dehisce during the second day, when the stigma is not anymore receptive, characterizing dichogamy. The most frequent insect visitor were thrips (Order Thysanoptera). The tepals have a simple epidermis, with nonglandular and glandular hairs and paracytic stomata, and homogeneous parenchymatous mesophyll. Nectaries have secretory parenchyma, with vascular tissue, constituted mainly of phloem. The anthers possess a uniseriate hairy epidermis, endothecium, two or three middle layers and a tapetum with binucleate cells. The stigma presents multicellular uniseriate hairs. The ovary has a glabrous epidermis, a parenchyma with subepidermical meristematic activity and a rift as the vestigial sutural area. The single ovule is pendulous, anatropous and bitegmic.

Vegetative propagation in Piperaceae species

Piperaceae species of forest remnants of Maringa, Parana, Brazil present vegetative propagation through root or stem (stolon). This reproduction type was verified in Piper amalago L., P. arboreum Aublet, P. xylosteoides (Kunth) Steud., Peperomia parnassifolia Miq. and Ottonia martiana Miq. Root and stem branches of these species were analyzed anatomically. Results indicated that the vegetative propagation in Piperaceae should be studied in other forests. New and additional studies should be made if the structural variations were induced environmentally or fixed genetically.