Iván Antonio Rodríguez Cardo

Asistencia sanitaria transfronteriza en el ámbito de la Unión Europea: de la seguridad social de trabajadores migrantes a una regulación específica

Como es de sobra conocido, entre las consecuencias mas importantes de la Union Europea —de las Comunidades Europeas en aquellas primeras fases de la construccion europea— se encuentra la creacion de un espacio comun a todos los Estados miembros con vistas a la libre circulacion, tanto de personas como de iniciativas economicas y de factores de produccion. Esta particular dimension de la Union Europea tiene a su vez otros muchos efectos, puesto que, de un lado, las personas que «circulan» a lo largo y ancho de ese espacio trasnacional suelen generar necesidades especiales de atencion (ya sea en su esfera profesional, ya sea en su esfera personal o familiar), y, por otro lado, las iniciativas de caracter economico o profesional pueden llegar a desplegarse en muy diversos ambitos de la vida y de las relaciones sociales, incluso en aquellos que por unos u otros motivos han sido tradicionalmente objeto de intervencion publica. Pues bien, probablemente sea la asistencia sanitaria uno de los terrenos en los que toda esa influencia se ha dejado notar con mas intensidad por diversas razones: por una parte, la asistencia sanitaria es una necesidad habitual y cotidiana de las personas, y sigue siendo asi cuando estas se trasladan o se desplazan de unos paises a otros; por otra parte, la asistencia sanitaria constituye un sector de la politica social en el que, unas veces por la propia inercia del Asistencia sanitaria transfronteriza... J. Garcia Murcia e I. A. Rodriguez Cardo

The 2013 Spanish Youth Employment Plan

Th e Spanish government has developed a strategy of entrepreneurship and youth employment for the period 2013–2016. Th is strategy stems from an agreement with the social partners (the most representative trade unions and business associations), and is part of the Spanish employment strategy 2012–2014, which is in turn part of the employment guidelines of the European Union – guidelines that include, among its objectives, the promotion of youth employment. Th e promotion of youth employment, on the other hand, was among the measures set out in the Annual Plan for Employment Policy 2012. In all these documents, youth employment is viewed from two perspectives: as self-employment (young people become ‘entrepreneurs’ and direct recipient of aid), and as wage labour (young people become ‘employed’, and the employer receives incentives). Besides employment itself, these strategies deal with related or preparatory activities, such as training, qualifi cation and career guidance. Under these general provisions, in 2012 some measures were adopted to promote youth employment, although most of them were included in the labour reform of that year (Royal Decree Law 3/2012 and Law 3/2012), along with many other labour and employment measures of richer content. Th ree measures were more prominent in 2012: 1) the implementation of a ‘contract of support for entrepreneurs’, aimed, primarily, at recruiting young people under 30 years of age; 2) a reform of the employment contract for training and learning (as a typical form of contract for young people); and 3) the intention of building a system of ‘dual training’, better able to provide professional skills through the combination of theoretical and practical training in companies. During 2012, aids to promote the mobility of young people within the European job programme were also approved (EURES network).