Izilda Esmenia Muglia Araujo

Profile of the Population Cared for in a Referral Emergency Unit

El objetivo del estudio fue identificar el perfil sociodemografico y las principales quejas de la poblacion adulta atendida en la Unidad de Emergencia de Referencia (UER). El conocimiento de las caracteristicas de la poblacion que frecuenta un servicio de emergencia constituye una herramienta de planificacion de las acciones en salud. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo/ retrospectivo desarrollado en la UER de un hospital de ensenanza en el interior del estado de Sao Paulo. La muestra fue constituida por los boletines de atencion (BAU) del periodo de enero a diciembre de 2.008. El instrumento utilizado fue estructurado con base en los datos del BAU. La busqueda espontanea fue hecha por mujeres jovenes (14 a 54 anos) de los barrios proximos a la UER durante la semana y en el horario de las siete a las diecinueve horas. Las quejas mas frecuentes fueron: cefalea, lumbago, dolores (abdominal, toracica). Se concluye que el perfil de la muestra fue en su mayoria adulto y joven, en edad productiva, de sexo femenino, con demanda espontanea y en el periodo diurno en dias utiles. Las atenciones apuntaron para quejas de baja complejidad.El objetivo del estudio fue identificar el perfil sociodemografico y las principales quejas de la poblacion adulta atendida en la Unidad de Emergencia de Referencia (UER). El conocimiento de las caracteristicas de la poblacion que frecuenta un servicio de emergencia constituye una herramienta de planificacion de las acciones en salud. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo/retrospectivo desarrollado en la UER de un hospital de ensenanza en el interior del estado de Sao Paulo. La muestra fue constituida por los boletines de atencion(BAU) del periodo de enero a diciembre de 2.008. El instrumento utilizado fue estructurado con base en los datos del BAU. La busqueda espontanea fue hecha por mujeres jovenes (14 a 54 anos) de los barrios proximos a la UER durante la semana y en el horario de las siete a las diecinueve horas. Las quejas mas frecuentes fueron: cefalea, lumbago, dolores (abdominal, toracica). Se concluye que el perfil de la muestra fue en su mayoria adulto y joven, en edad productiva, de sexo femenino, con demanda espontanea y en el periodo diurno en dias utiles. Las atenciones apuntaron para quejas de baja complejidad.

Theoretical knowledge of nurses working in non-hospital urgent and emergency care units concerning cardiopulmonary arrest and resuscitation

Non-Hospital Urgent and Emergency Care Units were created to deliver care to patients in chronic or acute situations and to coordinate the flow of urgent care. This descriptive study analyzed the theoretical knowledge of nurses working in these units concerning cardiopulmonary arrest and resuscitation. A questionnaire was applied to 73 nurses from 16 units in seven cities in the region of Campinas, SP, Brazil. The respondents displayed some gaps in their knowledge such as how to detect Cardiopulmonary Arrest (CPA), the ability to list the sequence of basic life support, and how to determine the appropriate compression to ventilation ratio (>60%). They also did not know: the immediate procedures to take after CPA detection (>70%); the rhythm pattern present in a CPA (>80%); and they only partially identified (100%) the medication used in cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The average score on a scale from zero to ten was 5.2 (± 1.4). The nurses presented partial knowledge of the guidelines available in the literature.As unidades nao hospitalares de atendimento a urgencia e emergencia foram criadas para atender pacientes com quadros agudos ou cronicos agudizados e ordenar os fluxos de urgencia. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o conhecimento teorico dos enfermeiros dessas unidades, sobre parada cardiorrespiratoria e ressuscitacao cardiopulmonar. Este e um estudo descritivo, cujos dados foram obtidos pela aplicacao de questionario a 73 enfermeiros de 16 unidades, de sete municipios da Regiao Metropolitana de Campinas. Observou-se que os entrevistados apresentaram lacunas de conhecimento sobre como detectar a parada cardiorrespiratoria, a sequencia do suporte basico de vida e a relacao ventilacao/compressao (>;60%); desconhecem as condutas imediatas apos deteccao (>;70%) e os padroes de ritmos presentes na parada cardiaca (>;80%) e que identificaram parcialmente (100%) os farmacos utilizados na ressuscitacao cardiopulmonar. A nota media foi 5,2 (±1,4), em uma escala de zero a dez. Conclui-se que os enfermeiros apresentaram conhecimento parcial das diretrizes disponiveis na literatura.

O leigo e o suporte básico de vida

Training laypeople to give first aid in emergency situations and offer basic life support (BLS) is crucial in order to save lives and avoid sequelae. The objective was to identify laypeoples knowledge about BLS. Structured interviews were performed using non-technical language. The sample consisted of 385 subjects. Most (57.1%) were women with complete secondary-level education and incomplete higher education (53.7%). It was verified that only 9.9% know the mouth-to-mouth ventilation maneuver; 84.2% knew the chest compression technique (CCT), and 79.9% of these knew its purpose. Only 14.5% know how to position the victim to perform CCT; 82.4% reported a frequency below 60 CCT minute. Since they do not have adequate information and foundations regarding the stages of BLS, laypeople can give incorrect first aid to victims, which can harm resuscitation.Training laypeople to give first aid in emergency situations and offer basic life support (BLS) is crucial in order to save lives and avoid sequelae. The objective was to identify laypeoples knowledge about BLS. Structured interviews were performed using non-technical language. The sample consisted of 385 subjects. Most (57.1%) were women with complete secondary-level education and incomplete higher education (53.7%). It was verified that only 9.9% know the mouth-to-mouth ventilation maneuver; 84.2% knew the chest compression technique (CCT), and 79.9% of these knew its purpose. Only 14.5% know how to position the victim to perform CCT; 82.4% reported a frequency below 60 CCT minute. Since they do not have adequate information and foundations regarding the stages of BLS, laypeople can give incorrect first aid to victims, which can harm resuscitation.

Perfil da população atendida em uma unidade de emergência referenciada

El objetivo del estudio fue identificar el perfil sociodemografico y las principales quejas de la poblacion adulta atendida en la Unidad de Emergencia de Referencia (UER). El conocimiento de las caracteristicas de la poblacion que frecuenta un servicio de emergencia constituye una herramienta de planificacion de las acciones en salud. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo/ retrospectivo desarrollado en la UER de un hospital de ensenanza en el interior del estado de Sao Paulo. La muestra fue constituida por los boletines de atencion (BAU) del periodo de enero a diciembre de 2.008. El instrumento utilizado fue estructurado con base en los datos del BAU. La busqueda espontanea fue hecha por mujeres jovenes (14 a 54 anos) de los barrios proximos a la UER durante la semana y en el horario de las siete a las diecinueve horas. Las quejas mas frecuentes fueron: cefalea, lumbago, dolores (abdominal, toracica). Se concluye que el perfil de la muestra fue en su mayoria adulto y joven, en edad productiva, de sexo femenino, con demanda espontanea y en el periodo diurno en dias utiles. Las atenciones apuntaron para quejas de baja complejidad.El objetivo del estudio fue identificar el perfil sociodemografico y las principales quejas de la poblacion adulta atendida en la Unidad de Emergencia de Referencia (UER). El conocimiento de las caracteristicas de la poblacion que frecuenta un servicio de emergencia constituye una herramienta de planificacion de las acciones en salud. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo/retrospectivo desarrollado en la UER de un hospital de ensenanza en el interior del estado de Sao Paulo. La muestra fue constituida por los boletines de atencion(BAU) del periodo de enero a diciembre de 2.008. El instrumento utilizado fue estructurado con base en los datos del BAU. La busqueda espontanea fue hecha por mujeres jovenes (14 a 54 anos) de los barrios proximos a la UER durante la semana y en el horario de las siete a las diecinueve horas. Las quejas mas frecuentes fueron: cefalea, lumbago, dolores (abdominal, toracica). Se concluye que el perfil de la muestra fue en su mayoria adulto y joven, en edad productiva, de sexo femenino, con demanda espontanea y en el periodo diurno en dias utiles. Las atenciones apuntaron para quejas de baja complejidad.

A família da criança com doença falciforme e a equipe enfermagem: revisão crítica

This critical literature review aims at demonstrating the state of the art of a thematic family with a sickle cell disease child and the nursing team. The PubMed, Lilacs, SciELO, and BDENF databases were searched using the key words: sickle cell anaemia, nursing, family and child. Eleven articles were selected and the important points in respect to the quanti-qualitative aspects of the studies are described. A referential analysis of the content was performed which identified the following themes: scientific knowledge, nursing care and education. The necessity of specific knowledge about sickle cell disease was demonstrated: this is important for nursing care to be effective and contribute to a better quality of life and so that the survival of these children is prolonged. It is worth noting that the Brazilian production on sickle cell disease, in general, is scarce and incipient in particular in respect to studies about the family with a sickle cell disease child and nursing team

Elaboração e validação do instrumento de entrevista de enfermagem

The purpose of this research was to elaborate and validate the instrument Nursing Interview to collect data related to nursing care based on the Orem theory. The contents of this instrument and the supporting guidelines were referred to referees who analyzed the concordance among them by applying Cochrans Chi-Square test, which revealed a statistically significant difference regarding objectivity but the great number of positive answers indicated that the instrument also dealt with pertinent aspects. The descriptive analysis of concordance related to the supporting guidelines demonstrated that only objectivity obtained 50% of negative responses, suggesting that changes were required. Finally, we may conclude that this instrument collects data related to self-care in a systematic manner.The purpose of this research was to elaborate and validate the instrument Nursing Interview to collect data related to nursing care based on the Orem theory. The contents of this instrument and the supporting guidelines were referred to referees who analyzed the concordance among them by applying Cochran’s Chi -Square test, which revealed a statistically significant difference regarding objectivity but the great number of positive answers indicated that the instrument also dealt with pertinent aspects. The descriptive analysis of concordance related to the supporting guidelines demonstrated that only objectivity obtained 50% of negative responses, suggesting that changes were required. Finally, we may conclude that this instrument collects data related to self- care in a systematic manner. Descriptors: Data collection; Validation studies; Nursing.

NOVAS DIRETRIZES DA RESSUSCITAÇÃO CARDIOPULMONAR

Cardiopulmonary arrest (CPA) poses a severe threat to life; cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) represents a challenge for research and assessment by nurses and their team. This study presents the most recent international recommendations for care in case of cardiopulmonary heart arrest, based on the 2005 Guidelines by the American Heart Association (AHA). These CPR guidelines are based on a large-scale review process, organized by the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR). High-quality basic and advanced CPR maneuvers can save lives.A parada cardiorrespiratoria (PCR) e intercorrencia de grave ameaca a vida; a ressuscitacao cardiopulmonar (RCP) representa desafio para a investigacao e a avaliacao por parte do enfermeiro e sua equipe. Esse estudo apresenta as mais recentes recomendacoes internacionais sobre atendimento da parada cardiorrespiratoria, baseado nas Diretrizes de 2005 da American Heart Association (AHA). Essas diretrizes sobre RCP fundamentam-se num processo de revisao extenso, organizado pelo International Liasion Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR). As manobras basicas e avancadas de RCP com qualidade podem salvar vidas.

O leigo em situação de emergência

The laypersons qualification to provide early care in emergency situations and basic life support (BLS) is fundamental to save lives and prevent sequels. The objective was to identify the level of knowledge of lay people about approaching an emergency victim. Structured interviews in non-technical language were used with a 385-subject sample, average age 35.4 (± 14.55) years, with more than 50% having a high school or university education. Over 55% of these observed situations with loss of consciousness, but only 31% called for specialized help. 34% underwent a first-aid course, but only 13% feel prepared. The most often cited place of learning was the driving school (DS), 35.9%. Other training places were higher when compared to the DS (p = 0.048). Almost 17% do not know how to recognize the presence of vital signs. Almost 31% do not know the telephone number of the emergency service. Laypersons have incomplete or incorrect knowledge about care for unconscious victims.The laypersons qualification to provide early care in emergency situations and basic life support (BLS) is fundamental to save lives and prevent sequels. The objective was to identify the level of knowledge of lay people about approaching an emergency victim. Structured interviews in non-technical language were used with a 385-subject sample, average age 35.4 (+/- 14.55) years, with more than 50% having a high school or university education. Over 55% of these observed situations with loss of consciousness, but only 31% called for specialized help. 34% underwent a first-aid course, but only 13% feel prepared. The most often cited place of learning was the driving school (DS), 35.9%. Other training places were higher when compared to the DS (p = 0.048). Almost 17% do not know how to recognize the presence of vital signs. Almost 31% do not know the telephone number of the emergency service. Laypersons have incomplete or incorrect knowledge about care for unconscious victims.

Sistematização da assistência de enfermagem: subsísios para implantação

This study reviews national literature about the Systematization of Nursing Assistance in order to detect and reflect on the phases of its implementation. An electronic search of the data bases at LILACS, MEDLINE and BDENF revealed 61 published studies on this subject in nursing journals. This present study focuses on negative experiences regarding its implementation and presents a strategy for its successful implementation. The plan was observed to have various phases, but it was observed that the institutions structure, facilities and demands had to be first studied. It was concluded that the process for its implementation would be complex and difficult, but could contribute towards improving the quality of nursing care.Este estudo de revisao da literatura nacional sobre a sistematizacao da assistencia de enfermagem SAE, tem por objetivo identificar e refletir as fases do planejamento para implantacao dessa pratica, a fim de subsidiar a atuacao do enfermeiro nesse processo. Foram acionadas as bases de dados LILACS, MEDLINE e BDENF e encontrados 61 trabalhos sobre o tema em periodicos de enfermagem. Este estudo contempla um relato de experiencia negativa na implantacao da SAE e uma estrategia de torna-la implantavel. Constatou-se diversas fases do planejamento, sendo necessario antes de mais nada reconhecer a estrutura institucional, suas demandas e facilidades. A implantacao dessa pratica se revela um processo bastante complexo e trabalhoso, mas que pode contribuir na melhoria da qualidade da assistencia.

Validação e confiabilidade de um instrumento de avaliação de feridas

OBJECTIVE: to determine the reliability and validity of a new instrument for wound evaluation. METHODS: this methodological study was conducted in a Brazilian university hospital. Data analysis consisted of content validity by a panel of judges and equivalency among observers. RESULTS: the new instrument had a good validity; the level of agreement among the judges was 71%. And, the interrater reliability and the agreement between observers were regular to excellent. CONCLUSION: this instrument has the potential to be used by nurses in clinical practice.OBJETIVO: este estudo teve como objetivos validar e verificar a confiabilidade de um instrumento elaborado para a avaliacao de feridas. METODOS: o estudo foi desenvolvido num hospital universitario. A validade do instrumento foi apreciada por juizes e para avaliar a confiabilidade foi realizada a analise de concordância entre observadores em relacao aos dados da ferida. RESULTADOS: indicam que os juizes compreenderam a maioria dos itens do instrumento com 71% de respostas positivas e os niveis de concordância entre observadores foram regulares e excelentes. CONCLUSAO: sugere-se a aplicacao do instrumento pelos profissionais, pois acredita-se na sua praticidade.