J.I. Ribeiro Júnior

Fitorremediação do herbicida trifloxysulfuron sodium

This work aimed to evaluate the efficiency of plant species in the phytoremediation of the herbicide trifloxysulfuron sodium in soils, by using corn crop as a bioindicator. The treatments were composed by the combination of the species (Calopogonium muconoides, Crotalaria juncea, Crotalaria spectabilis, Vicia sativa, Cajanus cajan, Canavalia ensiformis, Helianthus annus, Dolichus lablab, Pennisetum glaucum, Stylosantes guianensis, Mucuna deeringiana, Mucuna cinereum, Mucuna aterrima, Raphanus sativus and Lupinus albus) sowed before the corn, without previous cultivation (control), and three rates of trifloxysulfuron sodium (0.00,3.75 and 15.00 g ha-1). The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design, in a factorial scheme, with three replicates. Eighty days after sowing, the plants were cut and the shoots discarded. After that, corn (cultivar AG-122) was sowed. Forty five days after emergence, corn height and shoot dry biomass were recorded. M. aterrima and C. ensiformis were considered efficient regarding decontamination of the herbicide residues in soil.

Controlling Bacillus cereus adherence to stainless steel with different cleaning and sanitizing procedures used in dairy plants

Bacillus cereus adherence to stainless steel used to milk contact surfaces was observed, depending on the cleaning and sanitizing procedures applied and the physicochemical properties of the surfaces. Numbers of surviving B. cereus after hygiene procedures were affected by temperature, the concentrations of both alkaline and acid washes, and the pH of the chlorine solution. The adhesion of B. cereus to the stainless steel was not thermodynamically favorable, and the adherence of this microorganism occurred in lower number, in accordance to the thermodynamic aspect of adhesion.

Valores biométricos obtidos por ultra-sonografia dos tendões flexores e ligamentos acessório inferior e suspensório da região metacárpica palmar de cavalos Mangalarga Marchador

The transversal area (TA) of tendons and ligaments located in the palmar metacarpal region was studied in 15 Mangalarga Marchador horses without locomotor pathology. The superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT), deep digital flexor tendon (DDFP), accessory ligament of the deep digital flexor tendon (AL-DDFP), and suspensory ligament (TIOM) were examined by ultrasonography, at seven different zones (1A, 1B, 2A, 2B, 3A, 3B e 3C), to determine the TA. The mean TA values for SDFT were: zone 1A, 1.07±0.13; zone 1B, 0.97±0.12; zone 2A, 0.77±0.08; zone 2B, 0.68±0.12; zone 3A, 0.74±0.10; zone 3B, 0.86±0.10; and zone 3C, 1.33±0.24. For DDFT were: zone 1A, 1.09±0.12; zone 1B, 0.99±0.14; zone 2A, 0.72±0.11; zone 2B, 0.63±0.10; zone 3A, 0.71±0.14; zone 3B, 0.87±0.14; and zone 3C, 1.39±0.20. For AL-DDFT were: zone 1A, 1.17±0.14; zone 1B, 0.85±0.11; zone 2A, 0.73±0.12; zone 2B, 0.60±0.16; and zone 3A, 0.42±0.15. For TIOM were: zone 1A, 0.82±0.14; zone 1B, 1.23±0.15; zone 2A, 1.21±0.15; zone 2B, 1.18±0.14; and zone 3A, 1.20±0.31. The TA of each structure examined was similar between the thoracic members in each of the studied zones. No significant difference was found among the TA of the SDFT and that of the DDFP.

Variabilidade genética e limite da seleção em populações de diferentes tipos de acasalamento

Populations of five different mating designs, submitted to selection based on best linear unbiased predicto (BLUP)r, were evaluated regarding to genetic losses by fixation of unfavorable alleles and selection limit, during 50 generations. Simulated data were used to obtain the genome of all individuals of the populations. A quantitative trait with heritability of 0.10 was studied in the selected populations, with the following structure: sexual ratio of 10, 20, 25, and 50 and effective population size of 36.36, 19.05, 15.38 and 7.84, respectively. For each sexual ratio different populations were generated corresponding to the following mating designs: preferential matings between half and full sibs, preferential matings between half sibs, random matings, exclusion of matings between full sibs and exclusion of matings of half and full sibs. Smallest percentage of unfavorably fixed loci and the highest selection limit were observed in the lower sexual ratio (d= 10). Better differentiation between the studied mating designs was also observed for the lower sexual ratio.

Estudo da divergência genética por características morfológicas entre acessos de mentrasto (Ageratum conyzoides L.) coletados no estado do Tocantins em diferentes épocas

This study aimed to analyze the genetic divergence among nine mentrasto (Ageratum conyzoides) accessions by multivariate methods using morphologic traits for four harvesting periods. The nine accessions of mentrasto were obtained from plants that occur naturally in five climatic regions of the state of Tocantins. At each harvesting period, the following traits were evaluated: fresh biomass of the aerial part, dry biomass, leaf area, number of leaves, flowering and height. The grouping analysis (Tochers method) identified two groups, in the first and fourth harvest periods, three groups in the second harvest period and four groups in the third harvest period. Variation was observed for the group constitutions among the different harvesting periods. The genetic divergence among mentrasto accessions, evaluated by morphologic traits, was influenced by developmental stage of specie. The existence of genetic variability among accessions from different regions supports the systematic collection of A. conyzoides germplasm in the state of Tocantins.

Comportamento de componentes bioquímicos do sangue em equinos submetidos à ozonioterapia

The profile of blood biochemistry variables (glucose, fibrinogen, creatine phosphokinase, and gamma glutamyltransferase) was in vivo monitored in 12 crossbred horses (six males and six females), aging from four to 20-years-old treated with ozone therapy. Treatments were carried out by applying 500 or 1000mL of the mixture oxygen-ozone (O2-O3) via intravenous route, every three days, during 24 days. Horses were assigned to four groups: MT500 (three males given 500mL), MT1000 (three males given 1000mL), FT500 (three females given 500mL) and FT1000 (three females given 1000mL). Ozone therapy by intravenous route caused no clinical changes in the horses. Minimum and maximum mean values of glucose, fibrinogen, creatine phosphokinase, and gamma glutamyltransferase were within the range considered as normal reference for the equine species. There was decrease in glucose and gamma glutamyltransferase concentrations over the period of application, whereas fibrinogen increased and creatine phosphokinase was not affected by the treatment.

Efeito da violação de pressuposições da metodologia de modelos mistos na avaliação genética animal

Simulation studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of two assumption violations of the methodology of mixed models (the variances are known without errors and normal distribution of the random errors) on the genetic gains. Phenotypic values and accuracy during 10 generations of selection were also studied. Initially, a genome of only one quantitative trait governed by 500 loci was simulated. The genome was used to construct the base population in which the initial heritability of the quantitative trait was 0.10. To obtain a relationship structure from the base population, a initial population was generated. To this population a selection process and the errors in the components of variance and the distribution of the environment effects were introduced. To violate the assumption that the genetic variance is known without errors, the following errors intensities 0%, -10%, -30%, -50%, 10%, 30% and 50% were tested, and to violate the assumption that the distribution of the random errors is normal, the following distribution were considered: normal, exponential, poisson and uniform. In each generation 20 males and 100 females were selected and they were mated in the ratio of one male to five females and five offspring per each mating. To minimize random drift this process was reapeted 30 times. There was no evidence of the effect of both assumption violations on the genetic gain, the phenotypic value and accuracy over 10 generations of selection.

Efeitos da seleção individual e da seleção baseada no BLUP em populações diferentes, quanto ao tipo de acasalamento

The performance of individual selection and of selection based on best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) for simulated data of a low heritability trait (h2=.10) selected for fifty generation in a population of 600 animals with different mating structures were evaluated. The mating structures evaluated were: mating ratio (d) of 10 and 50, population size (Ne) 36.36 and 7.84 and male selection intensity (im ) of 2.23 and 2.82. For each d level half and full sib matings, half sib matings, random mating systems and the exclusion of full sib and of half and full sib matings were also evaluated. The average phenotypic value, average inbreeding, percentage of loss by fixation of undesirable alleles and selection limit were studied. The results suggested that BLUP, mating systems with exclusion of between sib matings, and the smallest mating ratio resulted in higher phenotypic value along the 45 generation of selection and the number of generations to reach a specific inbreeding coefficient considering this selection strategy increased.

Efeito da autocorrelação residual na avaliação genética de cabras para a produção de leite e para o formato da curva de lactação

The objective of this study was to evaluate the residual autocorrelation effect on the estimates of genetic parameters for total milk yield (MY) and the coefficients a, b and c of Woods model and, consequently, the animals classification for these traits. Woods model was fitted to the lactation of goats considering three cases of residual structure: (IE) - independent errors, (AR1) - first order autoregressive errors, and (IE - AR1) - AR1 errors only for lactations that had significant residual autocorrelation and IE for others. Estimates of the coefficients a, b and c and PL were used as dependent variables in a multivariate animal model, which included the random effects of animal and permanent environmental and fixed effects of contemporary group, number of foals per birth, genetic groups and order of calving, besides the covariates of lactation length (linear) and age at parturition (linear and quadratic). The different residual structures affected the estimates of genetic parameters and the classification of animals for the traits studied. Therefore, the selection of animals can be modified with the presence of residual autocorrelation and the structure IE-AR1 is presented as an alternative to solve this problem.