J. M. F. C. Carvalho

Crioconservação de sementes de mamona das variedades nordestina e pernambucana

E grande a importância da mamoneira (Ricinus communis L.) para a economia do semi-arido nordestino, que e responsavel por 80% da producao nacional, no entanto durante 1970 e 2000, a producao liquida dessa oleaginosa foi reduzida na mesma percentagem. Registrou-se tambem a existencia de aproximadamente 90 tipos diferentes de sementes empregadas no cultivo desta Euforbiaceae. Devido a este problema, o trabalho desenvolvido no Laboratorio de Processamento e Armazenamento de Produtos Agricolas do DEAg/UFPB, objetivou desenvolver tecnicas de crioconservacao para duas variedades de Ricinus communis, com vistas a uma armazenagem segura e por tempo indefinido. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, com os dados obtidos nos 7o e 14o dias depois da semeadura, dispostos em um arranjo fatorial 2 x 3 x 2 x 2 (duas variedades, tres periodos de crioconservacao, duas temperaturas de crioconservacao e dois tipos de acondicionamento) com oito repeticoes de vinte e cinco sementes cada uma. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos a analise de variância e as medias dos fatores qualitativos comparadas pelo teste de Tukey, a 5% de probabilidade. Com os resultados obtidos concluiu-se que: o nivel maximo de umidade para a crioconservacao das sementes das duas variedades de Ricinus communis (nordestina e pernambucana) encontra-se entre 4 e 10% base umida; os melhores resultados de qualidade fisiologica foram obtidos aos 30 dias da crioconservacao, podendo essas sementes serem crioconservadas tanto no vapor (-176 oC) como na imersao (-196 oC) em nitrogenio liquido; o canister de aluminio utilizado para acondicionar as sementes mostrou-se superior ao de PVC.

Criopreservação de eixos embrionários zigóticos de algodoeiro

The search for cultivars more adapted that assist the effective demand requires that the genetic resources of plant species are obtained easily. In order to evaluate a protocol for cryopreservation of embryonic axes of cotton, an experiment was carried out using seeds of the cultivars BRS 200 and BRS 201, which were extracted from embryonic axes and subjected to drying for 0, 30, 60 and 90 min and to the cryopreservation, directly plunged into liquid nitrogen (-196 °C), during 0, 5, 30 and 60 days. The regrowth of the embryonic axis was accomplished for each storage period, after its removal and thawing at room temperature conditions for 60 min, being cultivated in MS medium and kept in the incubator room at temperature of 25 °C, photoperiod of 16/8 h (light/dark) and light intensity of 30 /vmol m-2 s-1. After 30 days of cultivation, evaluations of the regeneration, seedling length and number of roots were accomplished. Embryonic axes of cotton, with moisture content around 9,7%, can be conserved in germoplasma banks in cryogenic conditions and to regenerate more than 80% of plantlets in vitro after 60 days of storage in liquid nitrogen (-196 °C).

Crioconservação de sementes de algodão

The objective of this work was to evaluate the crioconservation of cotton seed. At first, the water limit content for the crioconservation (TALC) was determined. For this determination, the seeds were immerse in liquid nitrogen during five days and after this period they were unfrozen and submitted to germination and vigor test. The statistical design used was completely randomized with the factorial. A portion of seeds was used with water limit content previously determinated for the different cultivars, since this has proceeded the storage in liquid nitrogen and in nitrogen vapor. The experimental design used in this stage was completely randomized in subdivided plots over time. In each period of storage the seeds were submitted to germination and vigor tests. According to the obtained results, it was concluded that: (a) the water content limit for crioconservation (TALC), during 5 days, for the conservation of four cultivars, considering the germination of these cultivars, is between 6 and 8% and, as to the seed vigor, the TALC was 6%; (b) the seeds of the different cultivars can be crioconserved in germoplasma bank at two temperatures; (c) the crioconservation increases the percentage of germination and the vigor of the cotton seeds, due to this temperature promoting termination of dormancy by the action of cold.The objective of this work was to evaluate the crioconservation of cotton seed. At first, the water limit content for the crioconservation (TALC) was determined. For this determination, the seeds were immerse in liquid nitrogen during five days and after this period they were unfrozen and submitted to germination and vigor test. The statistical design used was completely randomized with the factorial. A portion of seeds was used with water limit content previously determinated for the different cultivars, since this has proceeded the storage in liquid nitrogen and in nitrogen vapor. The experimental design used in this stage was completely randomized in subdivided plots over time. In each period of storage the seeds were submitted to germination and vigor tests. According to the obtained results, it was concluded that: (a) the water content limit for crioconservation (TALC), during 5 days, for the conservation of four cultivars, considering the germination of these cultivars, is between 6 and 8% and, as to the seed vigor, the TALC was 6%; (b) the seeds of the different cultivars can be crioconserved in germoplasma bank at two temperatures; (c) the crioconservation increases the percentage of germination and the vigor of the cotton seeds, due to this temperature promoting termination of dormancy by the action of cold.

Effect of the thidiazuron in vitro micropropagation of two castor bean genotypes by organogenesis.

The objective of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness to induce the multiplication of shoots in the BRS Nordestina and CSRN 142 castor bean genotypes, in the explant apical meristem, determining the best treatment with the thidiazuron (TDZ) growth regulator and to indicate the satisfactory concentration of the indoleacetic acid (AIA) for the ex vitro rooting. The Murashige and Skoog medium, was used supplemented with TDZ in the concentrations 0 (control); 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 5.0 e 10.0 mg L-1, with three explants per flask, in randomized blocks. The evaluations were made after 45 days of cultivation, being analyzed the number of brunches for explant and the percentage of necrosis. In the ex vitro rooting, the use of AIA was made, in the concentrations 0, 0.125, 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 g L-1 in the acclimatization substrate. It was observed that the concentration of 0.5 mg L-1 of TDZ provided the best results in vitro proliferation, reaching 16.9 brunch for explant. In the ex vitro rooting, the most promising treatment was substrate + 0.125 g L-1 of AIA, with 75% of rooted plants. It was verified that the TDZ induces the over brunching in the two genotypes and that the ex vitro rooting is a viable alternative for the programs of plants improvement.

Indução de superbrotamento e regeneração de plantas in vitro, nas cultivares de algodão colorido

The micropropagation in vitro has been presented as a technique that allows various methodologies which, for in turn, contribute to a reduction in the time to obtain new cultivares. The objective of this work was to evaluate the behavior of the genotypes BRS-Verde, BRS-200-Marrom, 6M-Moco-white and BRs-187-8H- white, in the induction of the multiple shoots in different combinations of growth regulators. The seeds, to obtain the initial material, were placed in a solution of 1% sodium hypochlorite of active chlorine for 20 min. The shoot had been induced, in the explant of cotiledonary nodes in MS medium basic, supplemented with 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), Cinetina (KIN) and Tiadiazuron (TDZ), isolated or associated in different concentrations. The material was kept for 40 days in growth chamber, under controlled ambient conditions. 10 mL of medium was used for treatment with a explant for culture tube, in an entirely randomized design, with factorial arrangement of 4 x 17 (four genotypes x seventeen medium). It was observed that the MS medium supplemented with BAP (2.0 mg L-1) isolated or associated with KIN (1.0 mg L-1), promoted greater capacity of regeneration and height of sprouts; MS medium supplemented with BAP (2.5 mg L-1) stimulated greater height of sprouts and the MS medium supplemented with TDZ (1.0, 0.50 and 0.25 mg L-1) affected the capacity of regeneration of sprouts, a larger formation of calluses was observed.

Validating a probe from GhSERK1 gene for selection of cotton genotypes with somatic embryogenic capacity

Substantial progress is being reported in the techniques for plant transformation, but successful regeneration of some genotypes remains a challenging step in the attempts to transform some recalcitrant species. GhSERK1 gene is involved on embryo formation, and its overexpression enhances the embryogenic competence. In this study we validate a short GhSERK1 probe in order to identify embryogenic cotton genotypes using RT-qPCR and blotting assays. Cotton genotypes with contrasting somatic embryogenic capacity were tested using in vitro procedures. High expression of transcripts was found in embryogenic genotypes, and the results were confirmed by the RT-PCR-blotting using a non-radioactive probe. The regeneration ability was confirmed in embryogenic genotypes. We confirmed that GhSERK1 can be used as marker for estimating the somatic embryogenesis ability of cotton plants.

Crioconservation of cotton seed

The objective of this work was to evaluate the crioconservation of cotton seed. At first, the water limit content for the crioconservation (TALC) was determined. For this determination, the seeds were immerse in liquid nitrogen during five days and after this period they were unfrozen and submitted to germination and vigor test. The statistical design used was completely randomized with the factorial. A portion of seeds was used with water limit content previously determinated for the different cultivars, since this has proceeded the storage in liquid nitrogen and in nitrogen vapor. The experimental design used in this stage was completely randomized in subdivided plots over time. In each period of storage the seeds were submitted to germination and vigor tests. According to the obtained results, it was concluded that: (a) the water content limit for crioconservation (TALC), during 5 days, for the conservation of four cultivars, considering the germination of these cultivars, is between 6 and 8% and, as to the seed vigor, the TALC was 6%; (b) the seeds of the different cultivars can be crioconserved in germoplasma bank at two temperatures; (c) the crioconservation increases the percentage of germination and the vigor of the cotton seeds, due to this temperature promoting termination of dormancy by the action of cold.The objective of this work was to evaluate the crioconservation of cotton seed. At first, the water limit content for the crioconservation (TALC) was determined. For this determination, the seeds were immerse in liquid nitrogen during five days and after this period they were unfrozen and submitted to germination and vigor test. The statistical design used was completely randomized with the factorial. A portion of seeds was used with water limit content previously determinated for the different cultivars, since this has proceeded the storage in liquid nitrogen and in nitrogen vapor. The experimental design used in this stage was completely randomized in subdivided plots over time. In each period of storage the seeds were submitted to germination and vigor tests. According to the obtained results, it was concluded that: (a) the water content limit for crioconservation (TALC), during 5 days, for the conservation of four cultivars, considering the germination of these cultivars, is between 6 and 8% and, as to the seed vigor, the TALC was 6%; (b) the seeds of the different cultivars can be crioconserved in germoplasma bank at two temperatures; (c) the crioconservation increases the percentage of germination and the vigor of the cotton seeds, due to this temperature promoting termination of dormancy by the action of cold.

Cryoconservation of cotton seed.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the crioconservation of cotton seed. At first, the water limit content for the crioconservation (TALC) was determined. For this determination, the seeds were immerse in liquid nitrogen during five days and after this period they were unfrozen and submitted to germination and vigor test. The statistical design used was completely randomized with the factorial. A portion of seeds was used with water limit content previously determinated for the different cultivars, since this has proceeded the storage in liquid nitrogen and in nitrogen vapor. The experimental design used in this stage was completely randomized in subdivided plots over time. In each period of storage the seeds were submitted to germination and vigor tests. According to the obtained results, it was concluded that: (a) the water content limit for crioconservation (TALC), during 5 days, for the conservation of four cultivars, considering the germination of these cultivars, is between 6 and 8% and, as to the seed vigor, the TALC was 6%; (b) the seeds of the different cultivars can be crioconserved in germoplasma bank at two temperatures; (c) the crioconservation increases the percentage of germination and the vigor of the cotton seeds, due to this temperature promoting termination of dormancy by the action of cold.The objective of this work was to evaluate the crioconservation of cotton seed. At first, the water limit content for the crioconservation (TALC) was determined. For this determination, the seeds were immerse in liquid nitrogen during five days and after this period they were unfrozen and submitted to germination and vigor test. The statistical design used was completely randomized with the factorial. A portion of seeds was used with water limit content previously determinated for the different cultivars, since this has proceeded the storage in liquid nitrogen and in nitrogen vapor. The experimental design used in this stage was completely randomized in subdivided plots over time. In each period of storage the seeds were submitted to germination and vigor tests. According to the obtained results, it was concluded that: (a) the water content limit for crioconservation (TALC), during 5 days, for the conservation of four cultivars, considering the germination of these cultivars, is between 6 and 8% and, as to the seed vigor, the TALC was 6%; (b) the seeds of the different cultivars can be crioconserved in germoplasma bank at two temperatures; (c) the crioconservation increases the percentage of germination and the vigor of the cotton seeds, due to this temperature promoting termination of dormancy by the action of cold.