José Wellington dos Santos

Respostas correlacionadas do algodoeiro com a seleção para a coloração da fibra

(3) Resumo – Os constantes trabalhos de melhoramento com o algodao de fibra branca produziram cultivares superiores com fibra de melhor qualidade tecnologica do que a do algodao de fibra colorida. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da selecao para diferentes graus de coloracao, nas caracteristicas tecnologicas de fibra do algodoeiro herbaceo em progenies F5 do cruzamento de cultivares adaptadas, de fibra branca, com materiais introduzidos, portadores de genes conhecidos para cor marrom e verde. A maioria dos caracteres de fibra se correlacionou negativamente com a coloracao da fibra, e as respostas correlacionadas diminuiram a medida que se intensificou a selecao para cores mais escuras da fibra. Termos para indexacao: Gossypium hirsutum, progenie, cor, melhoramento de planta. Correlated responses on cotton fiber traits with the selection for fiber color

Effect of the thidiazuron in vitro micropropagation of two castor bean genotypes by organogenesis.

The objective of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness to induce the multiplication of shoots in the BRS Nordestina and CSRN 142 castor bean genotypes, in the explant apical meristem, determining the best treatment with the thidiazuron (TDZ) growth regulator and to indicate the satisfactory concentration of the indoleacetic acid (AIA) for the ex vitro rooting. The Murashige and Skoog medium, was used supplemented with TDZ in the concentrations 0 (control); 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 5.0 e 10.0 mg L-1, with three explants per flask, in randomized blocks. The evaluations were made after 45 days of cultivation, being analyzed the number of brunches for explant and the percentage of necrosis. In the ex vitro rooting, the use of AIA was made, in the concentrations 0, 0.125, 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 g L-1 in the acclimatization substrate. It was observed that the concentration of 0.5 mg L-1 of TDZ provided the best results in vitro proliferation, reaching 16.9 brunch for explant. In the ex vitro rooting, the most promising treatment was substrate + 0.125 g L-1 of AIA, with 75% of rooted plants. It was verified that the TDZ induces the over brunching in the two genotypes and that the ex vitro rooting is a viable alternative for the programs of plants improvement.

Ginning impact on the number of neps and amount of cotton fiber contaminants.

Objetivou-se, neste trabalho, estudar o efeito do beneficiamento sobre o conteudo de impurezas, po e o numero de neps na pluma, em 12 algodoeiras do Estado de Mato Grosso. O experimento consistiu de uma combinacao fatorial de cinco etapas de beneficiamento do algodao em 12 algodoeiras em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com quatro repeticoes. Amostras de algodao foram coletadas nas seguintes etapas: a) no desmanche do fardao; b) antes do descarocamento; c) logo apos o descarocamento; d) na bica, sem o uso do limpador tipo serrilha; e) na bica, apos a limpeza da pluma, utilizando-se o limpador tipo serrilha. Em todas as etapas se retiraram quatro amostras padrao de pluma com massa de 350 g a fim de serem analisadas mediante o instrumento AFIS (Advanced Fiber Information System) para determinacao do conteudo de impurezas e poeira e o numero de neps da fibra. Os resultados indicam que os processos de prelimpeza do algodao em caroco e limpeza da pluma reduzem o conteudo de impurezas e da poeira do algodao enquanto, juntamente com o descarocamento, esses processos aumentaram o numero de neps da fibra do algodao. A utilizacao do limpador de pluma tipo serrilha com manta continua aumenta a eficiencia de limpeza da pluma, porem ocasiona incrementos significativos no numero de neps.

Uso de zangões (Apis mellifera L.) na detecção de cera de abelha adulterada

This research evaluated the ability of Africanized honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) drones to detect adulterated beeswax using the proboscis extension reflex (PER). Two hundred and forty drones were divided into 12 groups containing different levels of adulterated beeswax (100% beeswax, 90% beeswax..., 10% beeswax, 0% beeswax). An air stimulus was included as a control for the possible influence of the air flux per se. The animals were maintained in metal tubes, harnessed with Ducktape® between the head and thorax. The results of the drones performance in PER olfactive conditioning indicate that these animals are able to detect different levels of adulterated beeswax. The drones shown a better response to the treatment containing 100% of beeswax. This bioassay can serve as an alternative tool in the screening of beeswax in beekeeping and industry.

Reação de dez clones de Seringueira (Hevea benthamiana) a três isolados de Microcyclus ulei

The reaction of ten rubber clones (Hevea benthamiana) to three isolates of Microcyclus ulei (P. Henn.) v. Arx from two pathogenicity groups I and II was evaluated. The monocyclic parameters incubation period, latent period, lesion size and reaction type were studied. A conidial suspension of 2 χ 105 conidia/ml was inoculated on the abaxial leaflet surface in the B1/B2 stage; the seedlings were placed a humid chamber during 24 hours at 24 ± loC, then transfered to a growth chamber at the same temperature until the last evaluation at 15 days. The majority of the clones showed resistance to the three isolates. There was no significant interaction between clones and isolates in relation to incubation period, but there was significant interaction between clones and isolates in relation to lesion diameter. The clones CNSAM 8218 and CNSAM 8219 were highly resistant and showed the smallest mean lesion diameter when inoculated with isolate EB1, while CNSAM 8219 showed a small mean lesion diameter when inoculated with isolate EB2 also. At the other extreme, the clone CNSAM 8205 showed the largest mean lesion diameter when inoculated with isolate EB1 and the same reaction as clone CNSAM 8204 when inoculated with isolates EB2 and MB1 and clone CNSAM 8201 when inoculated with isolate EB2. These clones show vertical resistance making their unsuitable for the rubber breeding program that plans to obtain clones with horizontal resistance to M. ulei.