Maria do Socorro Rocha

Crioconservação de sementes de algodão

The objective of this work was to evaluate the crioconservation of cotton seed. At first, the water limit content for the crioconservation (TALC) was determined. For this determination, the seeds were immerse in liquid nitrogen during five days and after this period they were unfrozen and submitted to germination and vigor test. The statistical design used was completely randomized with the factorial. A portion of seeds was used with water limit content previously determinated for the different cultivars, since this has proceeded the storage in liquid nitrogen and in nitrogen vapor. The experimental design used in this stage was completely randomized in subdivided plots over time. In each period of storage the seeds were submitted to germination and vigor tests. According to the obtained results, it was concluded that: (a) the water content limit for crioconservation (TALC), during 5 days, for the conservation of four cultivars, considering the germination of these cultivars, is between 6 and 8% and, as to the seed vigor, the TALC was 6%; (b) the seeds of the different cultivars can be crioconserved in germoplasma bank at two temperatures; (c) the crioconservation increases the percentage of germination and the vigor of the cotton seeds, due to this temperature promoting termination of dormancy by the action of cold.The objective of this work was to evaluate the crioconservation of cotton seed. At first, the water limit content for the crioconservation (TALC) was determined. For this determination, the seeds were immerse in liquid nitrogen during five days and after this period they were unfrozen and submitted to germination and vigor test. The statistical design used was completely randomized with the factorial. A portion of seeds was used with water limit content previously determinated for the different cultivars, since this has proceeded the storage in liquid nitrogen and in nitrogen vapor. The experimental design used in this stage was completely randomized in subdivided plots over time. In each period of storage the seeds were submitted to germination and vigor tests. According to the obtained results, it was concluded that: (a) the water content limit for crioconservation (TALC), during 5 days, for the conservation of four cultivars, considering the germination of these cultivars, is between 6 and 8% and, as to the seed vigor, the TALC was 6%; (b) the seeds of the different cultivars can be crioconserved in germoplasma bank at two temperatures; (c) the crioconservation increases the percentage of germination and the vigor of the cotton seeds, due to this temperature promoting termination of dormancy by the action of cold.

Efeito do beneficiamento na qualidade fisiológica e sanitária de sementes do algodoeiro herbáceo

Seeds of cotton cvs. CNPA Precoce 2 and CNPA 7H, produced under irrigated conditions in Touros Rio Grande do Norte State Brazil during the 1998/99 growing season were submitted to deseeding, mechanical or chemical delintering and then, packed in multi-layered paper bags and stored in a dry chamber or under room conditions during 360 days. Every 90 days, data on physiological and sanitary conditions of seeds were collected. The split plot design was employed, with four replications for each whole plot treatment arranged according to a completely randomized design. Collected data were analyzed by variance analysis and polynomial regression techniques. Chemically delinted seeds from both varieties, stored in dry chamber, preserved their physiological qualities until 270 days of storage. cv. CNPA Precoce 2 deseeded or mechanically delinted seeds kept better their physiological and sanitary conditions when stored in dry chamber. The same occurred for cv. CNPA 7H seeds when stored under room conditions. Seed mycoflora was constituted by Aspergillus.

Indução de superbrotamento e regeneração de plantas in vitro, nas cultivares de algodão colorido

The micropropagation in vitro has been presented as a technique that allows various methodologies which, for in turn, contribute to a reduction in the time to obtain new cultivares. The objective of this work was to evaluate the behavior of the genotypes BRS-Verde, BRS-200-Marrom, 6M-Moco-white and BRs-187-8H- white, in the induction of the multiple shoots in different combinations of growth regulators. The seeds, to obtain the initial material, were placed in a solution of 1% sodium hypochlorite of active chlorine for 20 min. The shoot had been induced, in the explant of cotiledonary nodes in MS medium basic, supplemented with 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), Cinetina (KIN) and Tiadiazuron (TDZ), isolated or associated in different concentrations. The material was kept for 40 days in growth chamber, under controlled ambient conditions. 10 mL of medium was used for treatment with a explant for culture tube, in an entirely randomized design, with factorial arrangement of 4 x 17 (four genotypes x seventeen medium). It was observed that the MS medium supplemented with BAP (2.0 mg L-1) isolated or associated with KIN (1.0 mg L-1), promoted greater capacity of regeneration and height of sprouts; MS medium supplemented with BAP (2.5 mg L-1) stimulated greater height of sprouts and the MS medium supplemented with TDZ (1.0, 0.50 and 0.25 mg L-1) affected the capacity of regeneration of sprouts, a larger formation of calluses was observed.

GERMINAÇÃO E CRESCIMENTO INICIAL DE CULTIVARES DE FEIJÃO-CAUPI SOB ESTRESSE OSMÓTICO E ÁCIDO SALICÍLICO

Cowpea is one of the major food crops in Northeast Brazil, where it is commonly cultivated in the semi-arid regions with limited water availability. It is important to study the elicitors associated with cowpea to mitigate any deleterious effects of abiotic stress on the initial establishment of this crop. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the morphophysiological changes in cowpea cultivars under osmotic stress with seeds soaked in salicylic acid. The germination test was conducted in B.O.D germination chambers. The seeds of three cowpea cultivars: BRS Tumucumaque, BRS Aracê, and BRS Guariba, were germinated at five osmotic potentials (0.0; -0.2; -0.4; -0.6, and -0.8 MPa) after three pre-treatments: pre-soaking in deionized water, pre-soaking in salicylic acid, and without pre-soaking. The following parameters were evaluated: germination, germination speed index, seedling height, total phytomass, contents of chlorophyll ‘a’ and ‘b’, carotenoid content, electrolyte leakage, water content, and proline content. Our results indicate that salicylic acid promotes reduction in the harmful effects of abiotic stress, which is reflected in the increase in germination percentage, seedling height, and chlorophyll and carotenoid content as well as in the adjustment of electrolyte leakage and increase in proline content under induced water stress conditions. The cultivar BRS Guariba proved to be more tolerant to water deficit during germination and initial growth stages, when the seeds were treated with salicylic acid (1 mM).

VARIAÇÃO GENOTÍPICA NA RESPOSTA ANTIOXIDATIVA DE CULTIVARES DE FEIJÃO-CAUPI EXPOSTOS AO ESTRESSE OSMÓTICO

The cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.], also known as cowpea, is of fundamental socioeconomic importance to the northeast of Brazil, and has become one of the main sources of protein in the diet of the rural population. However, in this region, it has become necessary to identify genotypes that are better adapted to drought. In addition, research is needed regarding the action of substances that promote tolerance to stress factors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidative response of cowpea cultivars under osmotic stress conditions using potassium nitrate as an attenuator. Five osmotic potentials were tested in the substrate (0.0, −0.2, −0.4, −0.6, and −0.8 MPa), and three seed treatments (pre-soaking in distilled water, pre-soaking in potassium nitrate, and without pre-soaking) were tested in three cowpea cultivars (BRS Itaim, BRS Aracê, and BRS Potengi). The design was randomized with 45 treatments and four replications. The data were submitted to analysis of variance (P < 0.05), and in cases of significance, regression analysis was conducted to quantitate the factors. Our results indicate that an increase in proline content in cowpea plants may be seen as indicative of the intensity of water stress on germination and the initial stages of growth of the plant. The BRS Itaim cultivar best tolerates drought conditions with the application of potassium nitrate, given the increased activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase.

Crioconservation of cotton seed

The objective of this work was to evaluate the crioconservation of cotton seed. At first, the water limit content for the crioconservation (TALC) was determined. For this determination, the seeds were immerse in liquid nitrogen during five days and after this period they were unfrozen and submitted to germination and vigor test. The statistical design used was completely randomized with the factorial. A portion of seeds was used with water limit content previously determinated for the different cultivars, since this has proceeded the storage in liquid nitrogen and in nitrogen vapor. The experimental design used in this stage was completely randomized in subdivided plots over time. In each period of storage the seeds were submitted to germination and vigor tests. According to the obtained results, it was concluded that: (a) the water content limit for crioconservation (TALC), during 5 days, for the conservation of four cultivars, considering the germination of these cultivars, is between 6 and 8% and, as to the seed vigor, the TALC was 6%; (b) the seeds of the different cultivars can be crioconserved in germoplasma bank at two temperatures; (c) the crioconservation increases the percentage of germination and the vigor of the cotton seeds, due to this temperature promoting termination of dormancy by the action of cold.The objective of this work was to evaluate the crioconservation of cotton seed. At first, the water limit content for the crioconservation (TALC) was determined. For this determination, the seeds were immerse in liquid nitrogen during five days and after this period they were unfrozen and submitted to germination and vigor test. The statistical design used was completely randomized with the factorial. A portion of seeds was used with water limit content previously determinated for the different cultivars, since this has proceeded the storage in liquid nitrogen and in nitrogen vapor. The experimental design used in this stage was completely randomized in subdivided plots over time. In each period of storage the seeds were submitted to germination and vigor tests. According to the obtained results, it was concluded that: (a) the water content limit for crioconservation (TALC), during 5 days, for the conservation of four cultivars, considering the germination of these cultivars, is between 6 and 8% and, as to the seed vigor, the TALC was 6%; (b) the seeds of the different cultivars can be crioconserved in germoplasma bank at two temperatures; (c) the crioconservation increases the percentage of germination and the vigor of the cotton seeds, due to this temperature promoting termination of dormancy by the action of cold.