Ja-Min Park

Boseongicola aestuarii gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from a tidal flat sediment

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-motile and pleomorphic (coccoid, ovoid or rod-shaped) bacterial strain, BS-W15(T), isolated from a tidal flat sediment at Boseong in South Korea, was characterized taxonomically. Strain BS-W15(T) grew optimally at 25 °C, at pH 7.0-8.0 and in the presence of approximately 2.0% (w/v) NaCl. Neighbour-joining and maximum-likelihood phylogenetic trees, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, revealed that strain BS-W15(T) joined the cluster comprising the type strains of Profundibacterium mesophilum, Hwanghaeicola aestuarii, M. pelagius and M. salinus, showing 93.5-96.4% sequence similarities. Strain BS-W15(T) contained Q-10 as the predominant ubiquinone and C(18 : 1)ω7c as the predominant fatty acid. The polar lipid profile of strain BS-W15(T) contained phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylglycerol as major components, differentiating it from those of the type strains of P. mesophilum, H. aestuarii, M. pelagius and M. salinus. The DNA G+C content of strain BS-W15(T) was 58.7 mol%. The differential phenotypic properties, together with the phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic data, demonstrate that strain BS-W15(T) is distinct from type strains of P. mesophilum, H. aestuarii, M. pelagius and M. salinus. On the basis of the data presented, strain BS-W15(T) is considered to represent a novel genus and species, for which the name Boseongicola aestuarii gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is BS-W15(T) ( = KCTC 32576(T) = CECT 8489(T)).

Thalassotalea ponticola sp. nov., isolated from seawater, reclassification of Thalassomonas fusca as Thalassotalea fusca comb. nov. and emended description of the genus Thalassotalea.

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-flagellated and rod-shaped or ovoid bacterial strain, designated GJSW-36(T), was isolated from seawater at Geoje island in the South Sea, South Korea. Strain GJSW-36(T) grew optimally at pH 7.0-8.0, at 25 °C and in the presence of 2% (w/v) NaCl. A neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain GJSW-36(T) fell within the clade comprising the type strains of species of the genus Thalassotalea and Thalassomonas fusca. Strain GJSW-36(T) exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values of 94.2-96.0% to the type strains of species of the genus Thalassotalea and Thalassomonas fusca and of 93.8-94.5% to the type strains of the other species of the genus Thalassomonas. Strain GJSW-36(T) contained ubiquinone-8 (Q-8) as the predominant ubiquinone and summed feature 3 (C(16:1)ω7c and/or C(16:1)ω6c), C(1:1)ω8c and C(16:0) as the major fatty acids. The major polar lipids of strain GJSW-36(T) were phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. The DNA G+C content of strain GJSW-36(T) was 45.1 mol%. Differential phenotypic properties, together with the phylogenetic distinctiveness, demonstrated that strain GJSW-36(T) is separated from species of the genus Thalassotalea and Thalassomonas fusca. On the basis of the data presented, strain GJSW-36(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Thalassotalea, for which the name Thalassotalea ponticola sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is GJSW-36(T) ( =KCTC 42155(T) =CECT 8656(T)). From this study, it is also proposed that Thalassomonas fusca should be reclassified as a member of the genus Thalassotalea and the description of the genus Thalassotalea is emended.

Loktanella variabilis sp. nov., isolated from a tidal flat.

Two Gram-negative, aerobic and rod-shaped or ovoid bacterial strains with different colony colours (greyish yellow and moderate orange), designated J-MR2-Y(T) and J-MR2-O, were isolated from a tidal flat in the South Sea of South Korea. The two novel strains grew optimally at 35-37 °C. Strains J-MR2-Y(T) and J-MR2-O showed no difference in their 16S rRNA gene sequences, and the mean DNA-DNA relatedness between them was 94%. Phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strains J-MR2-Y(T) and J-MR2-O clustered consistently with the type strains of Loktanella soesokkakensis, L. hongkongensis and L. cinnabarina, with which it exhibited 97.83-99.06% sequence similarity. Sequence similarities to the type strains of the other recognized species of the genus Loktanella were 94.01-96.26%. Both strains contained Q-10 as the predominant ubiquinone, C(18 : 1)ω7c as the major fatty acid and phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, one unidentified glycolipid and one unidentified aminolipid as the major polar lipids. The DNA G+C contents of strains J-MR2-Y(T) and J-MR2-O were 68.1 and 68.4 mol%, respectively, and DNA-DNA relatedness values with the type strains of L. soesokkakensis, L. hongkongensis and L. cinnabarina were 19-37%. Differential phenotypic properties, together with their phylogenetic and genetic distinctiveness, revealed that the two novel strains are separated from other species of the genus Loktanella. On the basis of the data presented, strains J-MR2-Y(T) and J-MR2-O are proposed to represent a novel species of the genus Loktanella, for which the name Loktanella variabilis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is J-MR2-Y(T) ( = KCTC 42074(T) = CECT 8572(T)).

Sphingorhabdus arenilitoris sp. nov., isolated from a coastal sand, and reclassification of Sphingopyxis rigui as Sphingorhabdus rigui comb. nov. and Sphingopyxis wooponensis as Sphingorhabdus wooponensis comb. nov.

A Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic, non-flagellated and rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated GJR-7(T), was isolated from coastal sand of the South Sea of South Korea. Strain GJR-7(T) grew optimally at 30 °C, at pH 7.0-7.5 and without NaCl. Phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain GJR-7(T) clustered with the type strains of Sphingopyxis wooponensis, Sphingopyxis rigui and Sphingorhabdus planktonica, with which it exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values of 96.0-96.3%. Sequence similarities to the type strains of other recognized species were less than 95.5%. Strain GJR-7(T) contained Q-10 as the predominant ubiquinone and C(18 : 1)ω7c, 11-methyl C(18 : 1)ω7c and summed feature 3 (C(16 : 1)ω7c and/or C(16 : 1)ω6c) or C(14 : 0) 2-OH. The major polar lipids were sphingoglycolipid, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and one unidentified glycolipid. The DNA G+C content of strain GJR-7(T) was 55.5 mol%. Differential phenotypic properties, together with phylogenetic distinctiveness, revealed that strain GJR-7(T) is separated from the type strains of Sphingopyxis wooponensis, Sphingopyxis rigui and Sphingorhabdus planktonica. On the basis of the data presented, strain GJR-7(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Sphingorhabdus, for which the name Sphingorhabdus arenilitoris sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is GJR-7(T) ( = KCTC 42051(T) = CECT 8531(T)). It is also proposed that Sphingopyxis wooponensis and Sphingopyxis rigui should be reclassified as members of the genus Sphingorhabdus.

Ascidiaceihabitans donghaensis gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from the golden sea squirt Halocynthia aurantium.

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-motile and coccoid, ovoid or rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated RSS1-M3(T), was isolated from a golden sea squirt (Halocynthia aurantium) collected from the East Sea, South Korea. Strain RSS1-M3(T) grew optimally at 30 °C, at pH 7.0-8.0 and in presence of 2.0 % (w/v) NaCl. Strain RSS1-M3(T) exhibited the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (96.55 %) to the type strain of Pelagicola litoralis. Neighbour-joining and maximum-likelihood phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain RSS1-M3(T) clustered with the type strains, or proposed type strains, of Planktotalea frisia, Pacificibacter maritimus, Roseovarius marinus and Halocynthiibacter namhaensis, showing sequence similarity of 94.88-96.32 %. Strain RSS1-M3(T) contained Q-10 as the predominant ubiquinone and C18 : 1ω7c and C16 : 0 as the major fatty acids. The polar lipid profile of strain RSS1-M3(T), containing phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, one unidentified aminolipid and one unidentified lipid as major components, could be distinguished from those of the phylogenetically related genera. The DNA G+C content of strain RSS1-M3(T) was 55.8 mol%. On the basis of the phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic properties, strain RSS1-M3(T) is considered to represent a novel species of a new genus within the class Alphaproteobacteria, for which the name Ascidiaceihabitans donghaensis gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is RSS1-M3(T) ( = KCTC 42118(T) = CECT 8599(T)).

Mesoflavibacter sabulilitoris sp. nov., isolated from seashore sand.

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-spore-forming, non-flagellated, gliding and rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated GJMS-9(T), was isolated from seashore sand collected at Geoje island in the South Sea, South Korea. Strain GJMS-9(T) grew optimally at 30 °C, at pH 7.0-8.0 and in the presence of 2.0% (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain GJMS-9(T) clustered with the type strain of Mesoflavibacter zeaxanthinifaciens, showing the highest sequence similarity of 99.1%. Strain GJMS-9(T) exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96.5% to the type strain of Mesoflavibacter aestuarii and of less than 96.1% to the type strains of other recognized species. Strain GJMS-9(T) contained MK-6 as the only menaquinone and iso-C(15:1) G, iso-C(16:0) 3-OH, iso-C(15:0) and iso-C(17:0) 3-OH as the major fatty acids. The polar lipid profile of strain GJMS-9(T) containing phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified lipid and one unidentified glycolipid as major components was similar to that of the type strain of M. zeaxanthinifaciens. The DNA G+C content of strain GJMS-9(T) was 32.2 mol% and its DNA-DNA relatedness with M. zeaxanthinifaciens DSM 18436(T) was 38 ± 6.1%. The differential phenotypic properties, together with the phylogenetic and genetic distinctiveness, revealed that strain GJMS-9(T) is separated from other species of the genus Mesoflavibacter. On the basis of the data presented, strain GJMS-9(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Mesoflavibacter, for which the name Mesoflavibacter sabulilitoris sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is GJMS-9(T) ( =KCTC 42117(T) =CECT 8597(T)).