Sung-Min Won

Aestuariivita boseongensis gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from a tidal flat sediment.

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-motile and coccoid, ovoid or rod-shaped bacterial strain, BS-B2(T), which was isolated from a tidal flat sediment at Boseong in South Korea, was characterized taxonomically. Strain BS-B2(T) grew optimally at 30 °C, at pH 7.0-8.0 and in the presence of 2.0 % (w/v) NaCl. The novel strain exhibited highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (97.4 %) to Marivita geojedonensis DPG-138(T). Neighbour-joining, maximum-likelihood and maximum-parsimony phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain BS-B2(T) is closely related to Primorskyibacter sedentarius KMM 9018(T), showing 96.5 % sequence similarity. Strain BS-B2(T) contained Q-10 as the predominant ubiquinone and C18 : 1ω7c as the predominant fatty acid. The polar lipid profile of strain BS-B2(T) comprised phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, one unidentified aminolipid and one unidentified lipid as major components, and differentiated it from the type strains of P. sedentarius and M. geojedonensis. The DNA G+C content of strain BS-B2(T) was 62.2 mol%. Differential phenotypic properties, together with the phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic data, demonstrated that strain BS-B2(T) can be distinguished from phylogenetically related genera as well as P. sedentarius and M. geojedonensis. On the basis of the data presented, strain BS-B2(T) is considered to represent a novel species of a new genus, for which the name Aestuariivita boseongensis gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Aestuariivita boseongensis is BS-B2(T) ( = KCTC 42052(T) = CECT 8532(T)).

Sulfitobacter undariae sp. nov., isolated from a brown algae reservoir.

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-spore-forming, non-flagellated and coccoid, ovoid or rod-shaped bacterial strain, W-BA2(T), was isolated from a brown algae reservoir in Wando of South Korea. Strain W-BA2(T) grew optimally at 25 °C, at pH 7.0-8.0 and in the presence of approximately 2.0-3.0% (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain W-BA2(T) fell within the clade comprising the type strains of species of the genus Sulfitobacter , clustering coherently with the type strains of Sulfitobacter donghicola and Sulfitobacter guttiformis showing sequence similarity values of 98.0-98.1%. Sequence similarities to the type strains of the other species of the genus Sulfitobacter were 96.0-97.4%. Strain W-BA2(T) contained Q-10 as the predominant ubiquinone and C18 : 1ω7c as the major fatty acid. The major polar lipids of strain W-BA2(T) were phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified aminolipid and one unidentified lipid. The DNA G+C content of strain W-BA2(T) was 55.0 mol% and its DNA-DNA relatedness values with the type strains of Sulfitobacter donghicola , Sulfitobacter guttiformis and Sulfitobacter mediterraneus were 16-23%. The differential phenotypic properties, together with the phylogenetic and genetic distinctiveness, revealed that strain W-BA2(T) is separated from other species of the genus Sulfitobacter . On the basis of the data presented, strain W-BA2(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Sulfitobacter, for which the name Sulfitobacter undariae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is W-BA2(T) ( = KCTC 42200(T) = NBRC 110523(T)).

Pedobacter lignilitoris sp. nov., isolated from wood falls

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-motile and rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated W-WS13T, was isolated from wood falls collected around Wando, an island in the South Sea of South Korea, and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. Strain W-WS13T grew optimally at 30 °C, at pH 7.5 and in the presence of 0.5 % NaCl. A neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain W-WS13T belonged to the genus Pedobacter, clustering robustly with the type strain of Pedobacter arcticus, sharing 95.9 % sequence similarity. Strain W-WS13T exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 90.1–95.6 % to the type strains of the other species of the genus Pedobacter. Strain W-WS13T contained MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone and iso-C15 : 0, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c) and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH as the major fatty acids. The major polar lipid detected in strain W-WS13T was phosphatidylethanolamine. The DNA G+C content of strain W-WS13T was 36.9 mol%. Phylogenetic distinctiveness and differential phenotypic properties of strain W-WS13T revealed that the novel strain is separated from recognized species of the genus Pedobacter. On the basis of the data presented, strain W-WS13T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Pedobacter, for which the name Pedobacter lignilitoris sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is W-WS13T ( = KCTC 42500T = CECT 8725T).

Maribacter confluentis sp. nov., isolated from the junction between the ocean and a freshwater spring.

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-spore-forming, non-flagellated, non-gliding and rod-shaped bacterial strain, SSK2-2(T), was isolated from the place where the ocean and a freshwater spring meet at Jeju island, South Korea. Strain SSK2-2(T) grew optimally at 30 °C, at pH 7.0-8.0 and in the presence of 2.0-3.0% (w/v) NaCl. The neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain SSK2-2(T) fell within the clade comprising the type strains of species of the genus Maribacter, joining the type strain of Maribacter sedimenticola with which it shared 99.4% similarity. Sequence similarities to the type strains of other Maribacter species were 94.6-98.2%. Strain SSK2-2(T) contained MK-6 as the predominant menaquinone and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 1 G, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c) and summed feature 9 (iso-C17 : 1ω9c and/or 10-methyl C16 : 0) as the major fatty acids. The major polar lipids of strain SSK2-2(T) were phosphatidylethanolamine and one unidentified lipid. The DNA G+C content of strain SSK2-2(T) was 38.2 mol% and mean levels of DNA-DNA relatedness with the type strains of four phylogenetically related species of the genus Maribacter were 11-24%. Differential phenotypic properties, together with phylogenetic and genetic distinctiveness, revealed that strain SSK2-2(T) is separate from other Maribacter species. On the basis of the data presented, strain SSK2-2(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Maribacter, for which the name Maribacter confluentis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SSK2-2(T) ( = KCTC 42604(T) = CECT 8869(T)).

Winogradskyella wandonensis sp. nov., isolated from a tidal flat

A Gram-stain-negative, non-flagellated, non-gliding, aerobic, rod-shaped bacterium, designated WD-2-2T, was isolated from a tidal flat of Wando, an island of South Korea, and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic analysis. Strain WD-2-2T grew optimally at 30 °C, at pH 7.0-8.0 and in the presence of 2.0% (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain WD-2-2T belonged to the genus Winogradskyella, clustering coherently with the type strain of Winogradskyella litorisediminis. Strain WD-2-2T exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 97.4% to W. litorisediminis DPS-8T and 94.5-96.6% to the type strains of the other species of the genus Winogradskyella. Strain WD-2-2T contained MK-6 as the predominant menaquinone and iso-C15:1 G, iso-C17:0 3-OH and iso-C15:0 as the major fatty acids. The major polar lipids detected in strain WD-2-2T were phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified lipid and one unidentified aminolipid. The DNA G+C content was 36.4 mol%, and DNA-DNA relatedness with W. litorisediminis DPS-8T was 13%. Differential phenotypic properties, together with its phylogenetic and genetic distinctiveness, revealed that strain WD-2-2T is separate from recognized species of the genus Winogradskyella. On the basis of the data presented, strain WD-2-2T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Winogradskyella, for which the name Winogradskyella wandonensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is WD-2-2T (=KCTC 32579T=CECT 8445T).

Rheinheimera arenilitoris sp. nov., isolated from seashore sand

A Gram-stain-negative, non-flagellated, aerobic and ovoid or rod-shaped bacterium, designated J-MS1(T), was isolated from seashore sand in the South Sea, South Korea, and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. Strain J-MS1(T) was found to grow optimally at 30 °C and pH 7.0-8.0. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain J-MS1(T) belonged to the genus Rheinheimera, clustering coherently with the type strain of Rheinheimera chironomi and sharing 98.34% sequence similarity. Strain J-MS1(T) exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 94.26-96.98% to the type strains of the other species of the genus Rheinheimera. In the phylogenetic trees based on gyrB sequences, strain J-MS1(T) clustered with the type strain of R. chironomi, with which it shared the highest sequence similarity (86.97%). Strain J-MS1(T) contained Q-8 as the predominant ubiquinone and summed feature 3 (C(16:1)ω7c and/or C(16:1)ω6c), C(16:0) and C(18:1)ω7c as the major fatty acids. The major polar lipids detected in strain J-MS1(T) and in the type strain of R. chironomi were phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. The DNA G+C content of strain J-MS1(T) was 49.8 mol% and its mean DNA-DNA relatedness value with R. chironomi LMG 23818(T) was 12%. Differential phenotypic properties, together with its phylogenetic and genetic distinctiveness, revealed that strain J-MS1(T) is separated from recognized species of the genus Rheinheimera. On the basis of the data presented, strain J-MS1(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Rheinheimera, for which the name Rheinheimera arenilitoris sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is J-MS1(T) ( =KCTC 42112(T) =CECT 8623(T)).

Paracoccus aestuariivivens sp. nov., isolated from a tidal flat.

A Gram-stain-negative, non-spore-forming, non-motile and coccoid, ovoid or short-rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated GHD-30T, was isolated from a tidal flat on the Yellow Sea in South Korea, and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. Strain GHD-30T grew optimally at 30 °C, at pH 6.5-7.5 and in the presence of 2.0 % (w/v) NaCl. The phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain GHD-30Trepresented a member of the genus Paracoccus. Strain GHD-30T exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values of 97.10-97.33 % to the type strains of Paracoccus lutimaris, Paracoccus limosus and Paracoccus halophilus and of 94.35-96.97 % to the type strains of the other species of the genus Paracoccus. Strain GHD-30T contained Q-10 as the predominant ubiquinone and C18 : 1ω7c as the major fatty acid. The major polar lipids detected in strain GHD-30T were phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, one unidentified glycolipid and one unidentified aminolipid. The DNA G+C content of strain GHD-30T was 62.0 mol% and its mean DNA-DNA relatedness values with the type strains of P. lutimaris, P. limosus, and P. halophilus were 11-19 %. Differential phenotypic properties, together with its phylogenetic and genetic distinctiveness, revealed that strain GHD-30T is separated from recognized species of the genus Paracoccus. On the basis of the data presented, strain GHD-30T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paracoccus, for which the name Paracoccus aestuariivivens sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is GHD-30T (=KCTC 52214T =NBRC 111993T).

Gramella aestuariivivens sp. nov., isolated from a tidal flat.

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-spore-forming, non-flagellated and rod-shaped or ovoid bacterial strain, designated BG-MY13(T), was isolated from a tidal flat sediment on the South Sea, South Korea. Strain BG-MY13(T) grew optimally at 30-35 °C, at pH 7.0-8.0 and in the presence of 2.0-3.0% (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain BG-MY13(T) falls within the cluster comprising the type strains of species of the genus Gramella . Strain BG-MY13(T) exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequ4ence similarity values of 96.9-97.8% to the type strains of Gramella echinicola , Gramella gaetbulicola , Gramella portivictoriae and Gramella marina and of 94.6-96.5% to the type strains of other species of the genus Gramella with validly published names. Strain BG-MY13(T) contained MK-6 as the predominant menaquinone and iso-C(15 : 0) and iso-C(17 : 0) 3-OH as the major fatty acids. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine and one unidentified lipid. The DNA G+C content of strain BG-MY13(T) was 38.9 mol% and DNA-DNA relatedness values with the type strains of G. echinicola , G. gaetbulicola , G. portivictoriae and G. marina were 12-23%. The differential phenotypic properties, together with phylogenetic and genetic distinctiveness, revealed that strain BG-MY13(T) is separated from other species of the genus Gramella . On the basis of the data presented, strain BG-MY13(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Gramella , for which the name Gramella aestuariivivens sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is BG-MY13(T) ( = KCTC 42285(T) = NBRC 110677(T)).

Winogradskyella crassostreae sp. nov., isolated from an oyster (Crassostrea gigas)

A Gram-stain-negative, non-flagellated, non-gliding, aerobic and rod-shaped bacterium, designated TYO-19(T), was isolated from an oyster collected from the South Sea in South Korea, and was subjected to a taxonomic study using a polyphasic approach. Strain TYO-19(T) grew optimally at 30 °C, at pH 7.0-8.0 and in the presence of 1.0-2.0% (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain TYO-19(T) belonged to the genus Winogradskyella, clustering coherently with the type strain of Winogradskyella epiphytica. Strain TYO-19(T) exhibited a 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity value of 99.7% to W. epiphytica KMM 3906(T) and 94.2-96.9% to the type strains of other species of the genus Winogradskyella. Strain TYO-19(T) contained MK-6 as the predominant menaquinone and iso-C15 : 1 G, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0 as the major fatty acids. The major polar lipids detected in strain TYO-19(T) were phosphatidylethanolamine and one unidentified lipid. The DNA G+C content was 39.0 mol% and the mean DNA-DNA relatedness value with the type strain of W. epiphytica was 59 ± 4.3%. Differential phenotypic properties, together with phylogenetic and genetic distinctiveness, revealed that strain TYO-19(T) is separated from recognized species of the genus Winogradskyella. On the basis of the data presented, strain TYO-19(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Winogradskyella, for which the name Winogradskyella crassostreae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is TYO-19(T) ( = KCTC 42462(T) = NBRC 110924(T)).

Alteromonas confluentis sp. nov., isolated from the junction between the ocean and a freshwater spring.

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-spore-forming, non-flagellated and coccoid, ovoid or rod-shaped bacterial strain, DSSK2-12T, was isolated from the place where the ocean and a freshwater spring meet at Jeju island, South Korea. Strain DSSK2-12T grew optimally at 30 °C, at pH 7.0–8.0 and in the presence of 2.0 % (w/v) NaCl. The neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain DSSK2-12T fell within the clade comprising the type strains of species of the genus Alteromonas. Strain DSSK2-12T exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values of 97.2–98.1 % to the type strains of Alteromonas litorea, Alteromonas marina, Alteromonas hispanica and Alteromonas genovensis and of 95.39–96.98 % to those of other species of the genus Alteromonas. Strain DSSK2-12T contained Q-8 as the predominant ubiquinone and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c), C16 : 0 and C18 : 1ω7c as the major fatty acids. The major polar lipids of strain DSSK2-12T were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and one unidentified aminolipid. The DNA G+C content of strain DSSK2-12T was 48.6 mol% and its mean DNA–DNA relatedness values with the type strains of A. litorea, A. marina, A. hispanica and A. genovensis were 9–21 %. The differential phenotypic properties, together with phylogenetic and genetic distinctiveness, revealed that strain DSSK2-12T is separated from other species of the genus Alteromonas. On the basis of the data presented, strain DSSK2-12T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Alteromonas, for which the name Alteromonas confluentis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is DSSK2-12T ( = KCTC 42603T = CECT 8870T).